Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Sarnat.
Saliva may be considered as being similar to enamel but in a liquid phase. Saliva, the mechanics of remineralization and demineralization, the acquired pellicle and the enamel surface all act to maintain the status quo, resisting mineral loss from the enamel.
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The neonatal line is a histologic landmark in primary tooth enamel corresponding to the event of birth. The average width of the neonatal line (NNL) in primary tooth enamel of 147 children was measured. In children with normal birth histories the width of the NNL was found to be 11.9 +/- 4.8 microns. It was wider (18.6 +/- 5.7 microns) in children born by difficult operative delivery and thinner (7.6 +/- 1.5 microns) in children born by Caesarean section. The data suggest that concomitant with the change from intrauterine to extrauterine environment, the birth process itself also contributes to the width of the NNL.
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The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on dental structures was investigated by comparing two groups of patients with hypopituitarism. One group of 19 patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency who received hGH replacement therapy was compared with a group of 13 patients with high immunoreactive growth hormone and IGF-I deficiency, Laron-type dwarfism, who could not benefit from hGH treatment. Plaster casts of the dentitions and panoramic radiographs were obtained from all patients and analyzed for dental age, arch length, arch circumference, and width of teeth. the main findings were that (1) hGH therapy did not accelerate dental age but enhanced bone age; (2) the mandible was significantly smaller in the untreated group but no significant difference was found between the groups in the maxilla; (3) third molars were missing in more than 90% of the patients with Laron-type dwarfism whereas hypodontia of other teeth was found in 30% of all the patients; and (4) crowding was less prevalent than expected and the mesiodistal width of the teeth seemed to be smaller.
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The aim of this investigation was to explore changes in caries prevalence and gingival health in adolescents who immigrated from Ethiopia to Israel, experiencing an abrupt cultural transition. Fifty adolescents, aged 15-17, born in Ethiopia, and 196 adolescents born in Israel were examined. All were pupils of a boarding school, sharing the same living conditions and eating schedules. The results showed a nearly sixfold difference in caries prevalence between the Ethiopian and the Israeli group (1.5/9.6). No differences could be seen clinically between the Ethiopians who immigrated more than 1 yr ago and those who arrived within the last year. Radiographically, a significant difference was found between the two Ethiopian subgroups. Those who arrived more than 1 yr ago had nearly three times more initial caries. Total interproximal caries scores for the Israeli group, Ethiopians who arrived more than 1 yr ago, and newly arrived Ethiopians were 6.9, 5.7 and 2.1 respectively. Oral hygiene was poorer in the Ethiopian group than in the Israeli group; little difference was found in gingival health. Change in dietary habits, more meals per day and more frequent consumption of fermentable carbohydrates, could have been the cause of the change in caries rate.
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In order to investigate the usefulness of the number of erupted deciduous teeth (NET) as a growth parameter, we studied deciduous tooth eruption (DTE) in 46 infants between the ages of 6 and 30 months, who failed to gain weight. The cause of the failure to thrive was intrauterine growth retardation in 17 children, and undetermined in 29. In these babies, height and head circumference were significantly below the mean as well. However, NET was almost unchanged when compared to NET of Israeli children of the same age. These findings support the view that DTE is an independent process, unrelated to other anthropometric measurements. Thus, NET may not be used as a clinical parameter of physical development.
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Deciduous tooth eruption (DTE) was studied in 366 Jewish Israeli children: 193 boys and 173 girls. The number of erupted teeth (NET) at different ages was similar in both sexes. No statistically significant correlation was found between NET and anthropometric measurements at birth (weight and length) or subsequently, after eliminating the influence of age, between NET and weight, height, and head circumference. The high normal variability in NET at a given age is demonstrated.
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