[Ocular complications in prolapse of the mitral valve : apropos of 3 cases].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Saraux.
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Study of 25 cases of obstruction of the central retinal vein. In the 4 first days it is a low level of arachidonic acid of platelet membrane. This fall of level is the one anomaly of fatty acid from platelet and plasma. We have obtained no correlation between the level of platelet AA and age or lipids level of the blood. Study of platelet agregation was performed in only some cases and no conclusion is possible.
An unusual vacuolated tumor of the iris pigment epithelium was investigated. Ultrastructural study showed a great variety of pigment granules in all the cells. The cells were of both the light and the dark epithelial type, with basement membranes and junctional complexes. The vacuoles were both intracellular and extracellular.
'True' microcephaly is associated with extremely varied ocular abnormalities, the most frequent being squint and optic atrophy. Within the heterogeneous group of the microcephalies it seems we can isolate a syndrome consisting of microcephaly, mental retardation, chorioretinal dysplasia and sometimes microphthalmia and embryological remnants such as persistence of the primary vitreous or persistence of its minor forms. Genetic transmission of such anomalies is generally considered to be autosomal recessive. The cases we are reporting on suggest that in some cases dominant transmission can be incriminated.
Literature review and report of personal cases concerning the ocular physiopathological problems of pregnant women. Are studied especially chorioretinal perturbations: surgical and medical retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, choroiditis with pseudohistoplasmosis and toxoplasmosis. Are also studied the variations of the visual acuity, ocular tumors and pituitary tumors.
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Description of three cases of buried drusen of the disk with pseudo-papilloedema and hemorrhages. These hemorrhages are splinter hemorrhages in the substance of the disk or deep peripapillary hemorrhage lying beneath the retina. OEdema and hemorrhage can produce transient blurring of the vision. They resolve in some weeks.
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Study of platelet aggregation in 3 cases of placoïd pigment epitheliopathy. In 2 of the cases, examination was performed while the lesions were still going on platelet aggregation anomalies were found and these anomalies disappeared when the ocular lesions healed.
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Five cases of macular pigmentation with peripheral choroidal melanoma are studies. The pigmentation is in relation with accumulation of macrophages under the macula. These macrophages derive from the retinal pigment epithelium over the peripheral malignant melanoma of the choroid.
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From a study of 195 unselected cases of idiopathic squint, the authors distinguish three types of squint (simple, accommodative, and with amblyopia). Both sexes are equally affected, the age of onset is later in accommodative squint than in the other two types. The percentage of familial cases (65.4%) is comparable whatever the type of squint involved, the sex of the subjects or the age of onset. The family study and the complex segregation studies show that the hypothesis of dominant autosomal inheritance with incomplete penetrance is the most probable for the three types, but they do not affirm that three distinct entities are involved.
The principal occular complications of chromosomal aberrations are : strabismus, cataract, ptosis, nystagmus. Each of these can benefit from surgical treatment but one has to take into account the unfavorable prognosis due to mental deficiency.
The authors report a case of ocular manifestation of a Sipple disease. They discuss, the association with endocrine poly-adenomatosis and the relationship with the APUD system.
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