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Biomedical subjects

H S Levin

Publications and source records attributed to H S Levin.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hydrocephalic infants: developmental assessment and computed tomography.

29 hydrocephalic infants (less than 30 months) who had shunts were studied with the 'Bayley Mental Scale' and with computed tomography. It was found that patients with a medical history indicating brain injury in addition to hydrocephalus had lower scores on the 'Bayley Mental Scale' than a comparable group whose hydrocephalus had been uncomplicated. Dilatation of the lateral ventricles was assessed by computing the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) from the CT scan. The VBR was inversely correlated with the 'Bayley Mental Scale' score. Two thirds of the sample were reevaluated after 1 year; there was a significant decrease in VBR, but mental quotient was unchanged. These findings are in agreement with studies on older children in that the prognosis for cognitive functioning in hydrocephalic children is affected by brain injury. A correlation between brain mass and intelligence has been reported in older children with uncomplicated hydrocephalus, but not in groups with mixed etiology.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1982

Memory and intellectual ability after head injury in children and adolescents.

In comparison with age-matched groups who sustained mild to moderate head injury, children and adolescents with severe head injury initially exhibited memory deficit. Cognitive impairment persisted primarily in the severely injured children, whereas the follow-up performance of severely injured adolescents more closely approximated that of age-matched patients with mild or moderate head injury. The results suggest that young children are no less and may be even more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of diffuse injury on memory and cognition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ventricular enlargement after closed head injury.

To study the relationship between enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and neuropsychological deficit after closed head injury (CHI), we measured the area of the lateral ventricles on computed tomographic scans obtained at least 30 days after severe CHI in 32 young adults and a control group of similar age. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles was demonstrated in 72% of the head-injured subjects, as defined by the ventricle-brain percent ratio (VBR). Ventricular dilation was related to the duration of coma after high-speed motor vehicle accidents and to intellectual and memory defects. The VBR may be a useful index of the severity of brain damage in certain categories of head-injured patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative indexes of computed tomography in dementia and normal aging.

Quantitative indexes of compute tomography were compared in 28 patients with Alzheimer dementia and in 30 elderly persons with no history of neurologic disease. Age-corrected ventricle-brain ratios were abnormal for half of the dementia patients, whereas only a single subject in the control group had ventricles outside the limits of normal variation. Measurement of the distance between the third ventricle and Sylvian fissure indicated that the dementia patients had significantly more atrophy in this area. Employment of quantitative indexes standardized for age may aid in differentiating cerebral atrophy associated with dementia from that associated with normal aging.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

An immunoperoxidase technique to aid in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.

The unlabeled immunoperoxidase technique and antibody to human prostatic acid phosphatase was used to study a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. The technique was found to be a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma versus transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and rectal adenocarcinoma, but was not entirely specific, as cross-reactivity with rectal carcinoid tumors was documented. This study emphasizes the importance of controlled testing of these antibodies by pathology laboratories using immunoperoxidase techniques to assure accurate surgical pathologic diagnosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Endosalpingiosis.

The origin of psammoma bodies in cul-de-sac fluid must always be explained. Multiple, histologically benign, predominantly peritoneal foci of tubal-like epithelium are described in a woman with endometriosis and psammoma bodies in the cul-de-sac fluid. Because no primary ovarian neoplasm was present, the diagnosis of endosalpingiosis was made. The pathogenesis and significance of endosalpingiosis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effect of sterile ureteral reflux on intact and diverted upper urinary tracts.

We studied the effect of sterile ureteral reflux on intact and diverted upper urinary tracts. Five dogs underwent transvesical left ureteral meatotomy and anastomosis of the right ureter to a refluxing ileal conduit. Several normal nonrefluxing renal units were also studied. At 6 months, renal function studies were not significantly different among control, ilealureteral, and vesicoureteral refluxing renal units. No radiographic or histopathologic abnormalities were observed in experimental renal units. Sterile intestinalureteral and vesicoureteral reflux do not seem to cause functional or morphologic renal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cerebellar ataxia, opsoclonus, and occult neural crest tumor. Abdominal computerized tomography in diagnosis.

A 9-month-old female with opsoclonus and ataxia was examined. Computerized axial tomography (CT) of her abdomen identified a retroperitoneal mass of neural crest origin that was not recognized by more conventional roentgenographic methods. The syndrome of cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, and opsoclonus, and its relationship to neural crest tumors is reviewed along with the usefulness of abdominal CT.

Cerebellar Ataxia↗
PubMed1980

Intrascrotal Wilms' tumor developing in a heterotopic renal anlage of probable mesonephric origin.

A case of intrascrotal primary Wilms' tumor is reported. The histopathologic appearance of the primary tumor and subsequent pulmonary metastasis are identical with that of a typical intrarenal Wilms' tumor. The origin of this tumor in a heterotopic renal anlage consistent with mesonephric origin suggests that tissue from the intermediate and caudal segments of the nephrogenic cord may produce Wilms' tumor. Wilms' tumor arising in an embryologic rest of renal tissue is a rare occurrence. We are reporting the seventh well-documented case and the first case with confirmed distant metastasis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Facial recognition in patients with focal brain lesions.

The performances of patients with radiologically or surgically verified focal lesions on a test requiring the identification of unfamiliar faces were investigated. Nonaphasic patients with posterior right hemisphere lesions and aphasic patients with substantial impairment in language comprehension showed a notably high frequency of defect. The frequency of defective performance in nonaphasic patients with right anterior lesions was higher than normal but less than that of the previously mentioned groups. Nonaphasic patients with left hemisphere lesions and aphasic patients without substantial impairment in language comprehension performed on a level comparable with that of control subjects. It is concluded that the identification of unfamiliar faces is a bihemispheric process, possibly involving linguistic as well as visuoperceptive components.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of physostigmine and lecithin on memory in Alzheimer disease.

Because there is evidence that central cholinergic mechanisms are depleted in dementia, we studied the effects of central cholinergic augmentation on the memory of 5 patients with Alzheimer disease. Patients received placebo, lecithin, physostigmine, or lecithin plus physostigmine in a double-blind study using titrated doses of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. Memory was evaluated with alternate forms of the selective reminding procedure. Compared with lecithin alone, the combination of physostigmine and lecithin consistently enhanced memory storage and retrieval; physostigmine without lecithin produced no memory facilitation. The strategy of combining a cholinergic agonist and precursor holds promise, although a larger clinical trial is needed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Time on target meter.

The design and construction of an inexpensive time-on-target meter are presented with a logic diagram. This meter has been found to facilitate the recording of proprioceptive feedback performance by automatically recording the cumulative percent of time that the subject's manual tracking is within a specified range on a given trial.

Brain Diseases↗