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Biomedical subjects

H S Goldsmith

Publications and source records attributed to H S Goldsmith.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Increased blood flow enhances axon regeneration after spinal transection.

It is not known whether increasing the amount of blood flow to axotomized fibers in mammalian CNS can result in more robust sprouting. To find out, an intact pedicled omentum was surgically transposed to cover a collagen matrix gel used to bridge the transected cat spinal cord stumps. Control animals were similarly treated but did not receive the pedicled omentum. Twelve weeks after cord transection, animals receiving the pedicled omentum showed a 66% spinal cord blood flow increase over animals that did not. Moreover, treatment with the pedicled omentum increased the density of regenerating adrenergic axons 10-fold over the control group. These findings indicate that boosting flow with an omental graft to the collagen bridge site results in robust axonal outgrowth of spinal transected nerve fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Choline acetyltransferase activity in omental tissue.

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme responsible for the formation of ACh from choline and acetyl-coenzyme A, is a marker of cholinergic function and is significantly depressed in the brains of Alzheimer patients. It has been shown that omental tissue contains several neuroactive substances and causes revascularization when placed upon the brain of stroke patients. In this study, it was demonstrated that omental tissue exhibits specific ChAT activity. This activity was choline-dependent, inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (a known ChAT inhibitor), and was characterized by kinetic parameters consistent with values for the neuronal enzyme. It is suggested that omental placement to the brain together with oral choline administration might prove to be useful for increasing ACh synthesis in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

Vasoactive neurochemicals identified in omentum: a preliminary report.

There has been increasing interest in biologic, immunologic, and chemical activity originating from omental tissue. Since clinical improvement has been observed in some patients very shortly after surgically transposing their omentum to the spinal cord or brain, the question arose as to whether neurochemicals might be present in omental tissue; a possible explanation for some of these neurological changes. This paper reports the presence of vasoactive neurochemicals in canine omental tissue. It remains unclear, however, whether the omentum produces or simply concentrates these and other neurochemicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Increased vascular perfusion after administration of an omental lipid fraction.

Recently, it has been reported that a lipid material is present within the omentum which has potent angiogenic activity. In the report being presented herein, the omental material was injected intramuscularly in the area of a standardized wound and at a site distant from the wound. Control animals were injected in a comparable manner using saline solution. The omental lipid material resulted in increased vascular perfusion in the wound regardless of whether the material was injected locally or remotely as measured by in vivo nuclear imaging techniques using tagged erythrocytes labeled with Technetium (Tc-99m). The ability to demonstrate that an omental lipid fraction can cause increased vascular perfusion has become possible because the omental lipid material is abundant in supply and relatively simple to prepare in large quantities.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1985

Early application of pedicled omentum to the acutely traumatised spinal cord.

Placement of the intact omentum upon a recently traumatised spinal cord was found to be effective in lessening motor and neuroelectrical dysfunction in a group of cats. It was theorised that the beneficial effect of omental transposition was due to the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium between production of vasogenic oedema from the injured cord and its absorption through omental pathways. Removing vasogenic oedema at the omental/spinal cord interface is hypothesised to stabilise a rising tissue pressure within the cord during the acute phase of injury and at a later date to decrease scar formation at the injury site.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lipid angiogenic factor from omentum.

Placing the omentum on the brain surface by surgical transposition or transplantation will result in the development of numerous neovascular connections between these two structures. This phenomenon occurs even in the absence of cerebral ischemia, which raised the question as to whether an angiogenic factor was causing the response. A lipid material obtained from the omentum contains a potent angiogenic factor extractable in a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. Angiogenesis created by this material was observed in the rabbit cornea after only a single injection of the substance. The angiogenic material obtained from the omentum is abundant in supply. This important characteristic offers promise for the purification and identification of its structure, which should allow for extensive animal and clinical studies dealing with the development or inhibition of angiogenesis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Simple mechanical method for decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism.

Increasing awareness of the dangers of low dose heparin therapy has stimulated interest in mechanical methods for decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism. Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the feet while the patient is on the operating table by the use of a mechanical device (the Pedi-Pulsor) significantly decreases the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (45 percent in control patients versus 18 percent with the Pedi-Pulsor [p - 0.05]). In addition, use of this machine during the postoperative period should further aid in decreasing the incidence of thromboembolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Salvage of end stage ischemic extremities by intact omentum.

Many patients eventually require a limb amputation because of peripheral vascular insufficiency which is unamenable to conventional reconstructive procedures. Microsurgical vascular techniques to join a free omental graft to vessels in the groin of an ischemic limb have been shown to be effective in preserving viability of a compromised extremity. However, the intact pedicled omentum can also introduce a new source of blood into such a limb by a relatively simple procedure and with the expectation that the vascular flow through intact omental vessels will remain functional for an indefinite period. Clinical trials using the intact omentum to salvage limbs unsuitable by conventional revascularization procedures appear to be justified.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Thermal influence on the lymphocytic response of cancer patients.

A variation was noted between normal subjects and cancer patients in the response of their lymphocytes to different antigens. Raising the temperature from 37 degrees C to 40 degrees C aided in improving lymphocytic activity to the antigenic stimulation. The heat response was more noticeable in normal subjects than in cancer patients, which suggests that immunotherapy should be initiated early in patients with malignant disease before there is systemic involvement from an increasing tumor burden.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study of Japanese and American gastric dimensions.

A comparative study between Japanese and Americans was carried out to determine gastric characteristics of the two groups, since Japanese appear to allow easier gastric transposition to the neck. Japanese were found to have a longer and more mobile stomach, but in the vast majority of Americans an esophagogastric anastomosis in the neck is possible following an extensive Kocher maneuver.

Esophagus↗