Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the leading cause of secondary hypertension. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and in particular MR angiography have evolved into important diagnostic tools for the detection and grading of RAS due to the lack of ionizing radiation and nephrotoxic contrast agent. This review describes state-of-the-art MR angiographic techniques and introduces the reader to current concepts of RAS grading with MR angiography. We compare MR angiography with conventional angiography and intravascular ultrasound as a standard of reference. The technical basis of functional imaging techniques such as arterial spin labeling perfusion measurements, contrast-enhanced perfusion measurements, and MR flow measurements are explained. Their value for the grading and detection of RAS and for the differentiation of renovascular from renal parenchymal disease is discussed. An overview about imaging during and after interventional therapy of RAS and an introduction to the current understanding of prediction of successful interventional therapy finishes this review.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Atypical thoracic deformities: evaluation and operative sequelae].

Until 1982 we have performed 1410 chest wall corrections in our clinic. 0.5 percent were related to cleft sternum or osteocartilagineous defects, 2.3 percent to premature sternal synostosis, 0.5 percent followed the reconstruction of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Another 17 percent were characterized by extreme flat chest, atypical anterolateral asymmetric or extreme position of the punctum maximum. Morphological parameters are taken by pelvimeter and profile measurements, operative consequences derived from the morphological typing and grading and the clinical finding.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The asymmetry of funnel chest: assessment, incidence, consequences].

Cross-section profile measurements of 154 primary chest wall deformities showed 86 percent punctum maximum deviations and 55 percent asymmetries of the anterolateral chest wall, influencing the frontal and sagittal heart position. Operative consequences of these morphological findings are: Adequate cranial and lateral rib mobilisation and the need of metal strut stabilisation.

Funnel Chest↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reconstruction of the thoracic wall].

Thirty youngs and children were submitted to surgical reconstruction of excavated chest. To prevent risk of infections (by Staphylococcus and mixed gram-negative flora) preoperative 100 mg/Kg body weight of cefotaxime was given. In all patients the operative wounds healed regularly. To evaluate cefotaxime level and that of its metabolites raised in the tissues, the very sensibles method HPLC was applied. Thus 45 minutes after antibiotic somministration, very high levels were present in cartilage 9.8 mmg/gr and in bones (9.3 mmg/gr). Related to Staphylococcus aureus (MHK 90 of about 2 mmg/ml) results are of value also for other surgical orthopedic operations.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Sorption capacity of colloidal silicic acid for polyethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol derivatives. Report I. Quantitative course and sorption mechanisms in water suspensions].

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Absorption↗