Biomedical subjects
H Reissigl
Publications and source records attributed to H Reissigl.
[Serum neopterin determination for the additional safeguarding of blood transfusions. Our experiences with 76,587 blood donors].
Since October 1986, all volunteer blood donors in the Tirol of Austria have been tested for neopterin. Serum neopterin levels were raised in 1242 donors (1.6%), 650 of whom (52.3%) consented to another test four weeks after the donation. In retrospect, 148 of these donors (22.8%) had an illness or abnormal symptoms at the time of donation or within a few days of it: according to the "guidelines for blood group testing and blood transfusion" of the Federal German Chamber of Doctors (Deutsche Bundesärztekammer) 25 of these (16.9%) should be permanently excluded as blood donors. The other 123 donors would have been temporarily excluded, according to the guidelines, if their illness had been known at the time of donation. Since the beginning of 1988, all donated blood with increased serum neopterin levels also had an IgM test for cytomegalovirus (CMV): nine of 243 samples tested (3.7%) indicated an acute CMV infection. The neopterin assay thus detects a variety of potentially harmful diseases or conditions which would not be revealed by the usually employed battery of routine tests.
[HIV antigen study].
In the course of a field study in which the blood banks of Vienna, Linz and Innsbruck were involved, the HTLV-III-antigen EIA, developed by Abbott laboratories for research means, was tested for its usefulness in routine blood transfusion. Through the registration of donors newly infected with the HIV virus, who at the time showed no seroconversion, the aim was to narrow the 'diagnostic window' of the HIV infection, and to increase the security of routine blood transfusion. Parallel to the testing of all donors of the Zentralinstitut für Bluttransfusion in Innsbruck for HIV antigens and HIV antibodies, neopterin serum was also measured.
[HIV antigen determination in blood donors. Report on a field study in Austria].
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[The significance of neopterin determination for transfusion medicine].
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[Prediction and occurrence of neonatal and fetal hemolytic disease in a 15 year retrospective study of prenatal mother-child serology in Tirol].
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Endoscopic aspects of aortointestinal fistula.
The etiology, diagnostic difficulties and treatment of five cases of aortointestinal fistulas are presented. In all of them, endoscopy played a major diagnostic role. Early diagnosis is essential for elective surgery since reconstruction in the massive bleeding stage has a mortality of up to 80%.
[Activation of the macrophage/lymphocyte system in AIDS, ARC and AIDS risk groups].
Elevated neopterin levels are indicative of activation of the cellular immune system. Studies on excretion of neopterin in patients with AIDS and ARC, as well as in members of risk groups have demonstrated repeated or permanent stimulation of the immune system. This stimulation can be observed in all risk groups independent of LAV/HTLV-III infection. Additionally, in vitro replication of LAV/HTLV-III has been observed to be quantitatively greatest in activated CD4+-lymphocytes. Hence, we conclude that activation of the cellular immune system represents the central cofactor for progressive LAV/HTLV-III infection. These findings seem to contrast with most reports in the literature to date, but observations of other authors corroborate them. As consequence of these studies, therapeutic regimens using immunostimulatory strategies should be prevented in AIDS and ARC patients. Immunosuppressive treatment should be considered.
Are conditions linked with T-cell stimulation necessary for progressive HTLV-III infection?
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Urinary neopterin in the diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
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Gastric stump carcinoma following Billroth II resection for peptic ulcer disease. Comparison with cancer in non-operated stomach.
40 gastric stump carcinomas have been investigated. The results are compared with 72 gastric carcinomas without preceding Billroth II resection. The aim of this study was to contribute to our knowledge about the pathogenesis of gastric stump carcinoma. The mean age of patients with gastric stump carcinoma and with carcinoma without preceding Billroth II resection is identical. The age distribution, too, is similar in both groups. Furthermore the time of the Billroth II resection for benign peptic ulcer shows no correlation with the appearance of the gastric stump carcinoma, which suggests that there is no constant time lag between Billroth II resection and stump carcinoma. The histological investigation of the tumor-free gastric mucosa shows similar alterations in the two groups compared. Intestinal metaplasia and cystic dilatation seems to be more common in the gastric mucosa after Billroth II resection as compared with the non-tumorous mucosa of patients without preceding Billroth II resection. But the grade of nuclear atypia in non-tumorous mucosa is identical in both groups. Interestingly enough, the frequency of the main types of gastric cancer, intestinal carcinoma and diffusely infiltrating carcinoma is very similar. Thus, both the epidemiological and histological data seem to indicate that the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma is very similar to that of gastric carcinoma without preceding gastric surgery. The Billroth II resection does not seem to be a main factor in pathogenesis, but may have co-factorial significance.
alpha 1-Antitrypsin (Pi) types and subtypes in the Tyrolean population.
Since nine patients with infantile liver cirrhosis or hepatopathy associated with the Pi ZZ phenotype had been observed in recent years in the Children's Hospital of the University of Innsbruck, Tyrol, the distribution of the Pi types and the PiM subtypes was determined in the Tyrolean population. Apparently healthy blood donors (868) from different regions of Tyrol were examined. Isoelectricfocusing was used for classification of Pi types. The frequency of the allele PiZ was 0.0138, which corresponded to the range observed in other Middle European populations. The frequencies for the suballeles of PiM were PiM1 = 0.7062, PiM2 = 0.1480, and PiM3 = 0.1037. PiS had a frequency of 0.0225, the other rare alleles occurred with a combined frequency of 0.0058.
[Targeted hemotherapy (blood transfusion using the correct amount)].
Blood component therapy "Nach und mit Mass" = Preparation and Use of the Right Amount. Blood preservation, which is done using citrated blood to prevent coagulation, has been in use for more than 30 years in our hospital. Without stored blood modern surgery would be impossible. The use of plastic bags has made it possible to separate blood into its components. This is done in a closed system. Using blood components--blood cells and plasma derivatives--leads to the development of a more specific haemotherapy. This is done by first of all, isolating the blood cells and also separating plasma into its different components. The stored blood undergoes alterations as time passes by; this has to be considered according to indications such as for fresh blood ("warm blood") as well as for stored fresh blood, red blood cells (erythrocyte concentrates) or deep-frozen fresh plasma. In blood replacement, on other hand, for stopping of any bleeding you must consider the exact cause and indication. The use of micro-aggregate filters has to be considered. Generally, when there is an indication for blood transfusion, it is most important to consider also the "right amount". One should not only consider the indication for blood transfusion but at the same time possible errors. Each surgeon should periodically review the most important questions and problems of "transfusion medicine" such as the surgeons had to do who lived in previous decades.
[Transplantation of tissue-typed corneas].
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[Hereditary alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and infantile cirrhosis of the liver].
A report on 9 cases of infantile hepatopathy and cirrhosis of the liver respectively in cases of hereditary autosome-recessive alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha 1-ATM). The genetic variants of the serum-protease-inhibitor (Pi) alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were examined by means of iso-electric focusing (Polyacrylamidgelen). The gene incidence was of the allel PiZ 0,0138 in the 868 blood donors from the Tyrol and was therefore within the range of the PiZ-frequencies seen in other Central-European populations. The other alleles PiM1, PiM2, PiM3, and PiS, point to the incidence of 0.7062, 0.1480, 0.1037, and 0.0225. The patients under observation (9) are homozygote PiZZ, the clinically healthy parents heterozygote PiZM. Risk of repetition in siblings of the patients is 25%. Early indicative symptoms are prolonged jaundice, acholic stools and hepatomegaly. Further developments are the fading of the hyperbilirubinaemia, temporary improvement in the pathological liver values, a freedom of symptoms for different lengths of time in each case, in the case of two patients, finally, decompensated cirrhosis of the liver and death in hepatic coma. The histological picture of the liver tissue shows PAS-positive storage granula in hepatozytes, intrahepatic hypoplasia of the bile duct, cholestasis as well as early cell necrobiosis, fibrosis and cirrhotic transformation. Course and severity of the liver complaint differ greatly, and are independent of the quantitative alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency revealed, treatment is purely symptomatic.