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Biomedical subjects

H Redl

Publications and source records attributed to H Redl.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A new technical of liver biopsy with plugging of the needle track using a double channel biopsy device. An experimental study.

A new liver biopsy technique with plugging of the intrahepatic needle track in one procedure using a double channel biopsy device (Austrian patent No 384,165 invented by K. Zatloukal and H.P. Dinges) is presented in an experimental study. This technique is similar to that described by Menghini, but is combined with a fibrin sealing system (Tissucol, Tisseel). Biopsy and sealing of the biopsy site is performed within less than two seconds. 15 liver biopsies were performed on 6 heparinized dogs after laparotomy. Heparinization was maintained for 6 hours and the efficiency of the sealing in preventing biopsy-related bleeding was checked before the abdominal wound was closed. No bleeding occurred after biopsy with the new needle system and occlusion of the needle track with fibrin sealant. The livers with the sealed needle tracks and all biopsies obtained were examined histologically. It was found that the needle tracks were filled with the fibrin sealant which was almost completely replaced by granulation tissue after 8 days. Biopsies performed with a conventional Menghini needle led to continuous bleeding from the needle track. The results show that this new biopsy device efficiently prevents bleeding from the biopsy site in animals with severely impaired blood coagulation. Therefore, application of this biopsy technique in humans might reduce bleeding complications particularly in patients with severe liver diseases and disturbed blood coagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Reduction of the cardiopulmonary response to endotoxin by the administration of aprotinin.

The antiprotease aprotinin (Trasylol) (20,000 KIU bolus/kg followed by 10,000 KIU/(kg x h) for 8 h) was administered to sheep which were then given a continuous dose of endotoxin (24 ng/(kg x h) for 24 h). Their cardiopulmonary response was compared to a group of sheep which received endotoxin alone as well as a sham group which received neither endotoxin nor aprotinin. The response to endotoxin was characterized by an increased lung lymph flow and cardiac output. This response was blocked by the administration of aprotinin. In the endotoxin group there was a fall in prekallikrein levels. The action of aprotinin suggests that the cardiopulmonary response to endotoxin may be mediated by the formation of bradykinin.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The elastase-inhibitor eglin has no effect in an ovine model of endotoxemia.

Small doses of endotoxin have been shown to induce pulmonary microvascular injury in sheep, possibly by the action of granulocytes. Eglin, a potent inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, was tested in an ovine model of endotoxemia. The experiment was performed in 12 unanesthetized chronically instrumented sheep with a lung lymph preparation. Endotoxin (S. abort. equii) was infused at 24 ng/(kg x h) with application of 20 mg/kg eglin 1 h before endotoxin in the treatment group and followed by 5 mg/(kg x h). No significant improvement due to the treatment was seen for either cardiovascular status (pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance) or permeability changes in the lung (lymph flow and lymph/plasma protein ratio), although sufficient eglin concentrations were achieved in plasma and lymph. The lack of an effect of eglin might be because higher concentrations are needed to block elastase-like activity of ovine granulocytes or because of a minor role for neutrophil elastase in this shock model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Preliminary data on isolation of an elastase-like proteinase and its inhibitor from ovine neutrophil granulocytes.

Ovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were purified by counterflow centrifugation of the buffy coat. The resulting cell preparation was gently sonicated and ultracentrifuged for separation of cytosol and cell organelles. The proteolytic activity of the isolated enzyme was determined with the specific substrate MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-Nan (methoxysuccinyl-[L-alanyl]2-L-prolyl-L-valine p-nitroanilide). Elastase-like activity was identified in the insoluble (particular) fraction, while an inhibitor of elastase activity was found in the supernatant (cytosolic fraction). Further purification of the elastase-like enzyme was achieved by cation exchange chromatography (SP-Sephadex C-25 and CM-Sephadex C-25) and gel permeation chromatography (Bio-Gel P-30). Purification of the inhibitor from cytosol was accomplished using anion exchange chromatography (DE32 diethylaminoethyl cellulose) and two gel permeation steps (Sephadex G-75 and TSK-G 2000 SW - HPLC column). Degrees of purity in all separation steps were controlled with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of the elastase-like enzyme is in a range of 25 to 27 kDa. The isoelectric point is between 8.0 and 9.0. Three isoenzymes were found. The optimal activity lies at pH 8.0. The molecular mass of the inhibitor is about 40 kDa.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Thrombosis prevention with heparin/dihydroergotamine versus heparin/Sintrom in Ender nailing of pertrochanteric fractures].

The effect of either (randomized) Heparin/Dihydroergotamine (HDHE) or heparin-acenocoumarin (Hep/S) on the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis in the legs was studied in 212 women of more than 60 years of age with hip fractures. All patients were screened with the 125-I-fibrinogen uptake test (FUT) confirmed by a bilateral ascending venogram upon positive FUT. This revealed good sensitivity and specificity (85/84%) for the FUT. Deep vein thrombosis developed in 37.6% of the HDHE group and in 59.1% of the Hep/S group which was significantly different (p less than 0.005). The calculated thrombosis risk was significantly diminished (by 38% - p less than 0.005) in the HDHE group. Therefore we conclude that in traumatology Heparin/Dihydroergotamine seems to be the prophylaxis of choice.

Acenocoumarol↗
PubMed1988

[Current findings in the pathogenesis of the shock process in traumatology].

Traumatology deals with two different types of shock - the early hypovolemic-traumatic, and the late, so called septic shock, which is often associated with multi-organ failure. Both types of shock are triggered by several mediator systems of humoral and cellular origin, with numerous interactions between each other. In hypovolemic-traumatic shock central events are a perfusion deficit (ischemia with reperfusion injury via the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system) and activation of the humoral axis - of coagulation, of fibrinolysis, of the complement and kallikrein-kinin system by injured tissue. Coagulation and complement are responsible for the activation of platelets and granulocytes respectively. These cells further interact with each other e.g. via platelet activation factor, which finally causes tissue damage. Granulocytes play a central role because of their ability to release oxygen radicals and neutral proteinases, which can be monitored (elastase) and probably used to predict organ failure. The gut area is less resistant to the events of shock and therefore is a "locus minoris resistentiae" for further development of endotoxemia, bacteremia, septic shock and multi-organ failure without a typical septic focus. By this "septic challenge" further mediator systems get involved, especially those of macrophages like interleukin-1 or cachectin. Similar to the activation marker of PMN-elastase, we could demonstrate that it was possible to use neopterin for monitoring macrophage activation in sepsis and organ failure. By the action of these cellular elements in microcirculation at the endothelial and interstitial level tissue damage occurs, which finally leads to individual and multi-organ failure.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1988

Irradiation-sterilization of rat bone matrix gelatin.

Bone matrix gelatin induces bone formation in muscle, and when implanted orthotopically it improves bone repair. Co-60 sterilization of bone gelatin impairs the protein-bound induction mechanisms. Gelatin samples nonirradiated or irradiated by 25 or 50 kGy were implanted into a pouch in the abdominal wall of Sprague-Dawley rats, as well as into a 7-mm calvarial defect. Evaluation was done by histologic studies, histomorphometry of orthotopic implants, and determination of alkaline phosphatase in ectopic implants. Gelatin irradiated with 50 kGy was absorbed in the muscle bed without evidence of any specific host reaction. Irradiation of 25 kGy led to histologically confirmed ectopic bone formation, but the wet weight of the explants was only half that of the nonirradiated control samples. Alkaline phosphatase activity was equal in both of these groups. With orthotopic implantation, neither a histologic nor a morphometric effect was seen with 25 kGy. Loss of osteoinduction with 25-kGy irradiation is apparently masked by osteoconductive mechanisms with orthotopic implantation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

[Wound healing models for studying the formation of granulation tissue].

In this report models of granulation tissue formation during wound healing are reviewed. As suggested by Kovac and Rudas a distinction is made between inflammatory, foreign body and reparative granulation tissue formation. The advantages and disadvantages of the different models are discussed. While the older studies mainly compared qualitative evaluation of granulation tissue, in recent experiments models involving predominantly quantitative histological and biochemical methods are of increasing importance. One of these is a spongiosa implant model designed by our group which is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental osteoinduction in rats: collagen-apatite versus osteogenin-containing gelatine.

An experimental study in rats was done to investigate the bone-regenerating properties of collagen apatite (Collapat) and to compare it with osteoinduction dependent on osteogenin-containing gelatine (OCG). The test substances were implanted orthotopically (calvarial defect--7 mm in diameter) and heterotopically (paravertebral muscles, abdominal muscles). The results were evaluated histologically and enzymatically (alkaline phosphatase). Collapat caused neither osteoinduction in the heterotopic site nor healing of the bone defects. Foreign body reaction without new bone formation was encountered. OCG implantation leads to new bone formation in the muscles within 3 weeks, associated with a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, and to extensive new bone formation in the calvarial defect within 4 weeks. The defects did not heal if left empty. The value of clinical application of Collapat appears to be doubtful. Osteoinduction with OCG requires further experimental investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

D-erythro-neopterin plasma levels in intensive care patients with and without septic complications.

The activation of macrophages is accompanied by release of 2-amino-4-oxo-6(D-erythro-1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-dihydropterid ine (D-erythro-neopterin). The neopterin levels of 21 patients were measured with radioimmunoassay. The patients were classified according to the clinical course and outcome. We found highly significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors for each of the evaluated days of the observation period. In addition to a sustained increase, patients with fatal outcome always showed a higher percentage of neopterin levels (88.2 +/- 28 [SD]%) exceeding the upper confidence limit (27.4 nmol/L) than survivors (31.8 +/- 29.9%). We conclude that the assessment of D-erythro-neopterin might be an easily available aid for an early evaluation of the immunologic status of a patient at risk for septic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The 'lung in shock' as a result of hypovolemic-traumatic shock in baboons.

The "lung in shock" syndrome is a constellation of early morphologic changes in the lung within 1 hour after polytrauma as indicated by human lung biopsies. A hypovolemic-traumatic (soft-tissue trauma together with bone fractures) baboon model with reinfusion was established to study these morphologic and associated pathophysiologic events. This model was developed in order to test the efficacy of therapeutic modalities in future studies. Nineteen baboons (eight sham, 11 shock) were anesthetized with spontaneous respiration while complete hemodynamic and blood gas monitoring was performed, along with light and electron microscopic studies of the lungs. Besides the usual shock-related hemodynamic disturbances and the metabolic acidosis, pathologic changes were found both on light and electron microscopy of the lungs but not on X-rays and measurements of blood oxygenation. In the shock group, morphologic evidence of endothelial and interstitial edema was associated with significant increases in lung weight. The fluid accumulation occurred in spite of careful control of pulmonary artery pressures during the study. More striking histologic findings were significant cellular infiltration of lung tissue, especially by leukocytes, showing evidence of degranulation. This baboon study, similar to studies undertaken in canines, shows that the hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock in association with trauma (fracture, soft-tissue trauma) causes ultrastructural morphologic changes that may precede potentially life-threatening functional changes in the lung.

Animals↗