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Biomedical subjects

H Redl

Publications and source records attributed to H Redl.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Mediators in trauma.

Mediator release associated with polytrauma is responsible for the multifactorial process of posttraumatic organ failure. Mediator action is part of a complex network characterised by a number of major events. Tissue trauma activates specific and unspecific proteolysis in different humoral systems, such as the complement, fibrinolysis and coagulation systems as well as the kallikrein cascade. These provoke release of mediators known to stimulate cellular elements like platelets, granulocytes and macrophages. Activated phagocytes are known to release numerous tissue-damaging and toxic mediators. These are responsible for organ failure, which may terminate as a multi-organ failure syndrome.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1987

Pulmonary microvascular changes during hyperdynamic sepsis in an ovine model.

Hyperdynamic sepsis (increased cardiac output and reduced peripheral vascular resistance) was created in sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulae (n = 8) by giving them a 30-min infusion of 1.5 micrograms/kg of endotoxin (LPS) iv. Four hours after LPS the cardiac output (CO) was reduced (6.56 +/- 0.43 to 4.96 +/- 0.33 liters/min) and lymph flow was increased (5.4 +/- 1.0 to 18.6 +/- 3.1 ml/h). Nine hours after LPS the CO output was increased (8.42 +/- 0.60 liters/min). Early cardiopulmonary changes were associated with a fall in neutrophils (PMNs) (2,667 +/- 748 to 450 +/- 90 cells/microliter) and an elevation of their chemiluminescence (CL), an indication of increased O2 free-radical formation in the blood (1,250 +/- 160 to 3,340 +/- 744 units/1,000 leukocytes). The granulocytic enzyme, aryl sulfatase, was increased in the lymph (0.19 +/- 0.03 to 0.37 +/- 0.05 microgram/h/mg protein) indicating degranulation (activation) of PMNs. When CO was increased (9 h after LPS), blood CL rose even higher (5,330 +/- 173 units/1,000 leukocytes) and CL in the lung lymph decreased (1,160 +/- 220 units/1,000 leukocytes). At this time, lymphatic aryl sulfatase had returned to baseline levels (0.25 +/- 0.02 microgram/h/mg protein). These data suggest that pulmonary microcirculatory injury produced by LPS may be the result of margination of PMNs in the lung and their release of permeability-inducing mediators. Later, as the CO increases, the PMNs or their lesion-producing mediators may be washed from the lung and the lung injury thus may be made less severe.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A preparative high performance liquid chromatography method for separation of lecithin: comparison to thin-layer chromatography.

We have developed a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to separate lecithin from other phospholipid classes and to obtain lecithin from biologic materials. The separation was performed on a preparative 10-micron Spherisorb column with an optimized solvent system consisting of the following components: acetonitrile, isopropanol, methanol, water, and trifluoroacetic acid. The advantages of this method are the use of an isocratic solvent system limited to about 30 min and the very good separation of the phosphatidyl-choline fraction from the sphingomyelin fraction. Furthermore, the HPLC method has a better recovery rate than the thin-layer chromatography method, and it can be run under automatic control.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Posttraumatic complications and inflammatory mediators.

In a series of 71 patients with trauma, we measured weekly the blood levels of a number of complement proteins and activation products. We also measured the following: leukocytes, platelets, granulocyte enzyme elastase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, total protein, albumin, haptoglobin, and fibronectin. The intensity of complement activation and the blood levels of elastase correlated with the following factors: injury severity (especially the severity of limb injury), development of adult respiratory distress syndrome, development and severity of multiple organ failure, and probability of a fatal outcome. The plasma elastase level seemed to be the best predictor of adult respiratory distress syndrome and the best correlate of injury severity and multiple organ failure severity. Our findings support the hypothesis that posttraumatic activation of the complement system leads to activation of granulocytes, followed by microvascular injury and finally by organ failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The proteinases in shock.

The nomenclature of proteinases and their role in shock are reviewed. The regulation of the kallikrein-kinin system, coagulation and fibrinolysis is described with special emphasis on the role of granulocytes for the proteolysis in shock particularly in the lung. The effect of proteinase inhibitors on such systems is described, together with proteinase inhibitors effects on granulocytes and their possible role in the prevention especially of lung damage after shock.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1986

Cellular (thrombocytes, granulocytes) effects of proteinase inhibitors--gabexylate, gabexate mesilate (FOY) and aprotinin.

Because of the involvement of proteinases in the activation mechanism of thrombocytes and granulocytes, the effect of proteinase inhibitors was tested. To document cell activation we used thrombocyte and granulocyte aggregation. Chemiluminescence and superoxide production were used as parameters for the release of activated oxygen compounds, and lysozyme as a marker of lysosomal enzyme release. FOY and aprotinin inhibited all but not arachidonic acid thrombocyte aggregation. Only aprotinin diminished granulocyte responses to various stimuli, while FOY was without effect at concentration less than 100 microM.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1986

Morphometric studies on wound healing after systemic administration of adriamycin and local application of fibrin sealant. Application of a new wound healing model using spongiosa implants.

For investigations on the development of regenerative granulation tissue in wound healing a new model using bone spongiosa ("Kieler Spongiosa") implants is presented. Particular attention was devoted to developing a model which permits studies on wound healing without disturbance by foreign body reaction and infections. Two test groups of rats received four blocks of "Kieler Spongiosa" each in a symmetrical fashion in a paramedian region underneath the dorsal skin. The spongiosa blocks had previously been treated with glutaraldehyde to achieve cross-linkage of the collagenous structures of the surfaces of the spongiosa trabeculae. After one week (group 1) and two weeks (group 2) the animals were sacrificed. The spongiosa blocks were removed, fixed and evaluated in layered serial sections after decalcification. Two blocks which had been removed randomly from the back and front served for morphometric determination of the total volume of bony substance and the developed granulation tissue. Moreover, the cellular composition of the granulation tissue was morphometrically examined with regard to its content of capillaries, granulation tissue cells and inflammatory cells. The two other blocks were examined for DNA and hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue. Comparison of the two experimental groups yielded marked differences in spongiosa space infiltrated by granulation tissue and its composition. Our model was used to assess the influence of systemic administration of adriamycin and/or local application of a fibrin sealant system on granulation tissue formation and its morphologic structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Is organ failure in hypovolemic-traumatic shock the result of the reperfusion syndrome or of other mediators?].

Decreased perfusion of vital organs is secondary to hypovolemic-traumatic shock and may lead to partial ischemia, which in turn causes nucleotide degradation and accumulation of hypoxanthine as well as the formation of xanthinoxidase. Thus, the pre-conditions for the development of detrimental oxygen radicals are set as soon as perfusion is reestablished. This could explain edema formation associated with the reperfusion syndrome, which is observed at least following total ischemia. Whether these reactions are responsible for edema formation secondary to shock, especially in endothelial cells, is being discussed with respect to the various organs. The present results indicate that damage to the organ occurs via lipid peroxidation due to the effect of oxygen radicals. The degree of involvement of the various sources of oxygen radicals--xanthinoxidase reaction, phagocytes--remains open. In all probability, the sources are involved to a different extent in the various organs. In the lung, the emphasis could be on the phagocytes (leucostasis, alveolar macrophages), in the muscle on the xanthinoxidase reaction. In addition, the numerous mediator systems should be taken into account, with particular emphasis on the unspecific proteolysis (especially through granulocyte elastase).

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Inotropic effect of different albumin solutions on isolated papillary muscle.

We used a papillary muscle assay to study the inotropic effect of albumin solution. Unlike specially prepared citrate-free solutions, commercial preparations produced a negative inotropic effect. This is because their high citrate concentrations bound much of the calcium, so that little ionized calcium was available for physiologic processes. Citrate-free albumin did not show any inotropic effect on isolated papillary muscle. The amount of albumin normally used for resuscitation should not have enough citrate to depress ionized plasma calcium. Our experiments showed no evidence for primary myocardial depressant action of a commercial albumin preparation.

Albumins↗
PubMed1985

[Oleic acid-induced interstitial lung edema in the dog: comparison of PEEP with high-frequency jet superimposed ZEEP ventilation].

Oleic acid (0.12 ml/kg) was used to induce pulmonary edema in 10 mongrel dogs. To treat the consequent hypoxaemia we used either positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation (n = 5) or zero end expiratory pressure ventilation (ZEEP) plus additional high frequency jet support (n = 5). Hypoxaemia, which paralleled the dramatic increase in lung water, was significantly improved (aADO2) by PEEP but not by ZEEP plus jet. Also venous admixture was significantly lowered by PEEP only. Cardiac output and pulmonary arterial pressure in the two groups were not significantly different. This demonstrates that ZEEP plus jet is not superior to PEEP in the case of oleic acid induced edema, though we obtained good clinical results with the former system in the treatment of atelectasis. In addition, histological evaluation of the dog lungs showed emphysematous lung injury by the jet system, which indicates that such a jet system should be used with caution.

Animals↗