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Biomedical subjects

H Poulsen

Publications and source records attributed to H Poulsen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The shock liver. Clinical and biochemical findings in patients with centrilobular liver necrosis following cardiogenic shock.

Five patients with severe heart disease developed cardiogenic shock of more than 24 hours' duration. As a sequela to the shock, severe liver affection was demonstrated. Serum aspartate aminotransferases and serum lactate dehydrogenases showed very high activities. The prothrombin-proconvertin index was reduced to less than 25% of the normal. Four of the patients were jaundiced. The condition gave rise to some differential diagnostic problems. Liver biopsies were available from four of the patients, and histological examination of an autopsy specimen of the liver was performed in each case. The liver histology showed centrilobular necrosis and haemorrhage in all patients. It seems that centrilobular fibrosis develops later in the condition. The pathogenesis of this liver affection is probably hypoxic injury to the centrilobular areas of the liver lobule due to reduced liver blood flow.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of the development of Q-bands on human chromosomes by netropsin.

Netropsin, an oligopeptide-type basic antibiotic, having exclusively A-T-specific DNA-binding affinity and situating itself into the minor groove of the double helix, represses the development of Q-bands if human chromosome preparations are treated with it before quinacrine mustard staining. The most probable interpretation of this effect is that netropsin interferes with the intercalation of the dye molecules. It is assumed this phenomenon supports the hypothesis that quinacrine mustard binds preferentially to A-T-rich sequences of DNA in the metaphase chromosomes.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of acute viral hepatitis with (+)-cyanidanol-3.

A double-blind trial of (+)-cyanidanol-3 (2 g/day) versus placebo tablets was carried out in 100 patients with acute viral hepatitis. 51 received the drug and 49 placebo. (+)-Cyanidanol-3 accelerated the disappearance of HBsAg from the blood, lowered serum-bilirubin, and relieved symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, and pruritus. The drug was well tolerated. None of the patients had a relapse of acute hepatitis. Chronic active hepatitis developed in 1 of the placebo-treated patients. Thus, (+)-cyanidanol-3 seems to be of benefit in acute viral hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Morphogenesis of fibrosis and cirrhosis in methotrexate-treated patients with psoriasis.

Serial liver biopsies before and after Methotrexate therapy were performed in each of eight patients with severe, recalcitrant psoriasis treated for years with Methotrexate in a single, weekly, oral dose not exceeding 25 mg per dose. A total of 31 liver biopsies was studied. The study revealed liver damage commencing with small foci of piecemeal necrosis, followed by the destruction of the limiting plate and the occurrence of stellate periportal fibrosis. Eventually, partial and then whole fibrous septa developed between portal tracts and between portal tracts and central veins, with resultant distortions of the lobular architecture. In two patients with an admitted daily alcoholic intake, additional findings were seen, including alcoholic hepatitis, centrilobular fibrosis and development of partial and whole fibrous septa between the central vein area, and portal tracts adding to the number of septa running between the portal tracts and central veins which split up the lobules. The following conclusions seem probable: 1) Methotrexate therapy in psoriatics may cause development of fibrosis or cirrhosis; 2) the morphological changes during this development follow a consistent pattern; and 3) the pathogenesis of the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis is mixed in some cases, being dependent on both alcoholic and Methotrexate intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Correlation between hepatic morphology and immunoglobulins and antibodies to Escherichia coli in cirrhosis.

Increased antibody production and hypergammaglobulinaemia in cirrhosis are probably to a large extent due to decreased hepatic extraction of antigens. The deceased extraction is presumably related to changed microcirculation caused by damaged anatomical structure of the liver. It is therefore to be expected that immunoglobulin and antibody levels in serum in cirrhotic patients are related to the degree of certain morphological changes of the liver. This hypothesis has been tested. In 50 patients with cirrhosis, 28 alcoholics and 22 non-alcoholics, the degree of architectural destruction, the degree of fibrosis, the degree of fatty infiltration, and the degree of "activity" were compared with immunoglobulins G, A, and M and E. coli O antibody levels. The comparison was carried out within each of the aetiological groups. Identical relationships were found in both groups. Patients with completely destroyed lobular architecture had higher levels of E. coli O antibodies than patients with partly destroyed architecture. Patients with severe fibrosis had higher IgA and E. coli O antibody levels than patients with moderate or slight fibrosis. Patients with moderate and severe steatosis and patients with no or slight steatosis had the same immunoglobulin and E. coli O antibody levels. Patients with active cirrhosis had higher IgG levels than patients with inactive cirrhosis. When architectural destruction and fibrosis were combined significantly higher IgG, IgA, IgM, and E. coli antibodies were found in the group with the most severe changes. These findings support the hypothesis that immunoglobulin and antibody levels are related to the degree of morphological changes in the liver--namely, destruction of lobular architecture, fibrosis, and "activity".

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Staging laparotomy with splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease.

The series includes 91 patients with Hodgkin's disease who underwent a staging laparotomy with splenectomy during the years 1971-1976, in 82% of them as part of the initial evaluation before therapy. Positive abdominal lymph nodes were found in 29% of the patients, a positive spleen in 37%, and a positive liver in 10%. Follow-up of patients who lacked abdominal involvement at laparotomy indicate that sampling error was only of marginal importance. Evaluation of the therapeutic implications of the operation indicated that 41% of the patients benefited from the procedure; 31% by changing stage and 10% by changing radiation therapy port. Five patients had minor surgical complications. The mortality rate was nil.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

The degree of bone mineralization in different parts of human skeleton estimated from bone phosphorus/hydroxyproline.

To evaluation the uniformity of the degree of mineralization in the skeleton the bone phosphorus/hydroxyproline ratio (bone P/Hypro) was determined in different localizations of ten human skeletons. Marked differences in bone P/Hypro were found between cortical bone and spongy bone. No difference was found between cortical bone from humerus, femur and cranium. But the mean value of these cortical bones was significantly higher than the mean value of the studied spongy bones. No significant correlation was found between the two bone types. Differences in bone P/Hypro were also found between different spongy bones. In pelvis the value did not differ between four spongy bone localizations but the mean value was significantly lower than for the other spongy bones (thoracal column, lumbal column and clavicle). Between these other spongy bones no difference was found in mean bone P/Hypro, and the mean of the pelvic bone localizations correlated significantly to the other spongy bones. The study demonstrates differences in the chemical composition of the human skeleton. A value of bone P/Hypro in the iliac crest can be used to estimation of bone P/Hypro in other spongy bones but not in cortical bones.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Maternal and paternal origin of extra chromosome in trisomy 21.

Fluorescence markers were studied in 40 patients with Down's syndrome and their parents. In 11 cases maternal and in 5 cases paternal non-disjunction could be shown. The disjunctional event occurred in the first meiotic division in 5 maternal and in 2 paternal cases. A second division failure was found in 4 maternal and 2 paternal cases. In 3 cases the failure could either be of first or second meiotic division origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Liver biopsies from psoriatics related to methotrexate therapy. 1. Findings in 123 consecutive non-methotrexate treated patients.

A prospective study was started in 1969 to describe morphological features of liver biopsies from patients with severe psoriasis. Among 123 patients evaluated for possible MTX therapy, liver biopsies disclosed pathological histology (maninly fatty change and/or non-specific reactive hepatitis) in 51 per cent. The incidence of pathological liver histology did not statistically correlate with psoriasis parameters such as duration and extent. However, statistically significant correlations (p less than 0.0001) were found between the frequency of pathological liver histology and other factors such as age, obesity, and daily alcholic intake. Comparison of liver histology with SGOT value at the time of liver biopsy showed that while the diagnostic specificy of this test high (1.00), the diagnostic was low (0.17). Normal values of SGOT should not be relied upon to indicate all types of liver pathology. A "risk index" indicating the probability of pathological liver histology was developed. It is calculated as follows: two times the height (cm) minus weight (kg) minus age (years) minus 50 (in case of daily alcoholic intake) minus 50 (in case of elevated SGOT). To elucidate liver histology and particularly to rule out fibrosis and cirrhosis, a liver biopsy should be performed in every psoriatic patient with a low score in the risk index prior to beginning MTX therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Liver biopsies from psoriatics related to methotrexate therapy. 2. Findings before and after methotexate therapy in 88 patients. A blind study.

Eightyeight patients with severe, recalcitrant psoriasis had liver biopsies performed before and after Methotrexate (MTX) therapy. MTX was given for an average of 26 months as a single, weekly, oral dose of 25 mg maximum. The mean cumulative dose was 1733 mg (range 175-4590 mg). A statistically significant increase in the number of pathological post-MTX liver biopsies was found (p less than 0.0001). Of the 88 patients 6 developed cirrhosis and another 5 developed fibrosis, in all 12.5 per cent, during MTX therapy (95 per cent confidence limits for cirrhosis: 3-14 per cent). There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of pathological post-MTX liver biopsy findings in the 88 patients and the following variables one by one: cumulative dose of MTX, duration of MTX therapy and admitted alcoholic intake during MTX therapy. Cirrhosis and fibrosis did not develop statistically more frequently from pathological than normal pre-MTX liver histology (p = 0.062). The liver damage appeared to be due to a multifactorial interaction of straining factors on the liver during MTX therapy. A multifactorial index comprising: cumulative dose of MTX, admitted alcoholic intake during MTX therapy, age, obesity and, if available, pre-MTX liver histology gave an estimate of the probability of developing cirrhosis or fibrosis during treatment of psoriasis with weekly, oral doses of MTX. For use of MTX therapy in psoriasis the following precautions are suggested: MTX therapy should be used only in disabling cases; a pre-MTX liver biopsy and repeat liver biopsies at regular intervals of 1/2-1 year should be performed, alcohol should be prohibited and frequent inquiries should be made about the patient's alcoholic intake; and strong reliance should not be placed on the SGOT as an indicator of abnormal liver histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis. Clinical significance and effect of long-term prednisone treatment.

Of 483 patients with biopsy-verified cirrhosis who entered the controlled trial of prednisone treatment conducted by the Copenhagen Study Group for Liver Diseases, 99 had alcoholic hepatitis as defined by morphological criteria in the initial biopsy. The maximum period of observation varied from 5 to 12 years. The survival of prednisone-treated patients (median survival time 38 months) and placebo-treated patients (median survival time 34 months) with alcoholic hepatitis did not differ significantly. This was also true for each of the two subgroups comprising mild and severe cases respectively. The presence of morphologically defined alcoholic hepatitis was postively correlated with the daily consumption of alcohol but poorly correlated with the clinical syndrome usually attributed to alcoholic hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Histological features of acute viral hepatitis.

The constant and inconstant light microscopic changes in liver biopsies from patients with acute viral hepatitis are reviewed. The constant changes are essential for the diagnosis, and the distribution of ceroid (and often of haemosiderin) is important in the staging of the disease. Many and large piecemeal necroses in the acute stage are often followed by chronic aggressive hepatitis. A key to the understanding of the development of regeneration nodules - and thereby to posthepatitic cirrhosis - is portal-central bridging with subsequent formation of septa. Bridging and formation of septa is almost always preceded by piecemeal necroses in the acute stage and also by confluent necroses in 1/3 - 1/2 of the cases.

Acute Disease↗