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Biomedical subjects

H Petit

Publications and source records attributed to H Petit.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Hydro-syringomyelic cavities. Contributions of x-ray computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Value of syringoperitoneal shunt].

Twenty one patients with a spinal cord cavity are reported: 14 presented syringomyelia, 3 had a syringomyelic syndrome of another etiology, 4 had clinical symptoms different from those usually observed with such cavities. All patients had a plain C.T. and 20 had a C.T. of cervical and thoracic spinal cord 6 hours after cervical myelography with metrizamide or iopamiron. Morphologic and dynamic features given by this examination are reported. They allowed a discussion about the pathogenesis of the cavity: some cases were consistent with Gardner's theory, but the majority were consistent with Aboulker's. Nine patients had an examination by magnetic resonance imaging which gave the morphologic features necessary for the treatment: spinal cord cavity, Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus. Eleven patients were treated by a syringoperitoneal shunt: in spite of the short follow-up, the results seem favourable, especially for sensitivity and trophic troubles. Surgery should be based upon aggravating course and hydrocephalus. The results of syringoperitoneal shunting allow new considerations about pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Acute choreic syndrome and psychotic state induced by an amphetaminic drug].

A twenty-nine year-old woman, with oral contraceptive medication over 10 years, was admitted with chorea and acute psychosis. Fourty-eight hours earlier she had initiated therapy with amphetamine. The mechanisms of these acute manifestations are discussed: oral contraceptives increase striatal post-synaptic dopaminergic sensitivity, while amphetamines facilitate the dopamine release in striatum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Chiasmatic tuberculoma. 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of chiasmatic tuberculomas. They emphasize that diagnosis is still difficult despite CT scan if a picture of tuberculous meningitis is lacking. Surgical approach may be justified when diagnosis remains uncertain, especially as tuberculoma is sometimes responsible for recurrent meningitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Cerebral abscesses disclosing pulmonary angioma. Rendu-Osler disease].

A 50-year old male patient presented with two successive cerebral abscesses over a 9-month period. Rendu-Osler-Weber disease was diagnosed on the basis of recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasis of the mucosae and skin. In addition, many members of the patient's family had a history of epistaxis and one had a cerebral angioma of unusual location. Our patient's chest was normal on physical and radiological examination, but pulmonary angiography disclosed a small angioma. Removal of the angioma prevented further cerebral infections. The prevalence of pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and their clinical manifestations (especially in the central nervous system) are reviewed, together with the value of family studies and the therapeutic approach.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1984

Spinal dysraphia and elongated spinal cord in adults.

Spinal dysraphia with stretching of the spinal cord is usually diagnosed in the adolescent or young-adult patient. Two types of the condition are distinguished: a stretched spinal cord with an intradural lipoma, and a stretched spinal cord with both an intra- and extradural lipoma. The pathogenesis of the condition and mechanical role of the lipoma and the late appearing neurological signs are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Lambert-Eaton syndrome. Diagnostic, nosologic and therapeutic problems].

We report on five cases of this myasthenic disorder associated with a loss of deep tendon reflexes, dry mouth and impotence. The diagnosis relies upon the response to repeated electric stimulations: with stimulations at a frequency of 5 Hz, the size of the potentials decreases by more than 30 p. 100 and, at 30 Hz, increases by more than 60 p. 100. This profile differentiates Lambert-Eaton syndrome from myasthenia gravis. Lambert-Eaton syndrome occurs usually in the course of malignant diseases; when it seems isolated, a visceral neoplasm, mainly bronchogenic carcinoma, should be suspected. Nevertheless, in some cases, no malignant disease is found. The mechanism is a presynaptic block of neuromuscular transmission because of an unknown hypothetic substance produced by the tumor. Therapeutic resources (Guanidine) are scarce.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effect of piracetam in Huntington's chorea.

Piracetam has been described to improve neuroleptic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndrome where a central dopaminergic hyperactivity is implicated. In Huntington's chorea, this abnormality is also generally admitted, at least functionally. Therefore the authors have utilized piracetam in this disease. The drug was administered intravenously in a double-blind study to 6 patients. Piracetam worsened choreic movements. This result is discussed in relation to the pharmacological properties of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Alternating oblique deviation of the gaze. 3 cases].

Three cases of alternating skew deviation of gaze are reported. In two patients, it was associated with oculomotor disorders suggestive of a medial mesencephalic lesion. CT scan showed 3rd ventricule abnormalities accounting for the mesencephalic involvement. The third patient had a tuberculous meningo-encephalitis with basal symptoms. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the vertical interocular divergence is discussed. It was probably related to a bilateral disorder of the superior recti and an overaction of the inferior obliques. It suggested a medial supranuclear dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Parietal multilocular arachnoid cysts in adults. 2 cases].

Two cases of multiloculated arachnoid cysts of the parietal area are discovered at the ages of 57 and 69. The terrain, the situation and the morphology, the evolution, distinguish these lesions from the more classic cysts of the sylvian fissure. Their pathophysiology is discussed anatomically, these cysts are not far from the post traumatic ones, developing in childhood.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Neurinoma of the intracranial and intraspinal spinal nerve].

Two personal cases and a review of the literature permit to distinguish by anatomical, clinical and paraclinical aspects : neurilemmoma of the jugular foramen (type III), neurilemmoma of the bulbar spinal (type I), and of the medullary spinal (type II). This classification permits to choice surgical approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Myositis disclosing systemic scleroderma].

A 61 year old patient presented with muscular atrophy and weakness, predominant at the shoulder girdle, as the first manifestation of a progressive systemic sclerosis with the signs of the CREST syndrome: subcutaneous calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophagus disorders, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia. The histological features were consistent with polymyositis. In spite of corticotherapy, total recovery was not obtained. The nosological relationships with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease is discussed. Myositis is infrequent in progressive systemic sclerosis and corticosteroid therapy is discussed.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1984

[Dorsal interapophyseal arthropathy and spinal cord compression in syringomyelia].

A dorsal spinal cord compression by exuberant arthropathy and osteophytes of the articular processes occurred in a 61 years old patient with syringomyelia. The clinical symptoms were related to postero lateral cord involvement and rapidly appeared after syringo-peritoneal shunting. C.T. scan precisely displayed the pathological process and the cord compression. Surgery enabled a definite amelioration of secondary sensory deficits. It was to our knowledge the first description of such an involvement of articular processes in syringomyelia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Arachnoid cysts of the cerebellopontile angle].

Ten cases of arachnoid cysts of the ponto-cerebellar angle are presented. In most cases, local arachnoiditis is disclosed during surgery, directing the discussion toward acquired pathology, and perhaps toward local infection. The clinical symptoms are dominated by the cochleo-vestibular deficit, but the involvement of the V and the VII cranial nerves is inconstant and discreet. At the present time, C.T. scan allows a rapid diagnosis but the prognosis must be reserved, in account to the possibility of a local post operatory arachnoiditis .

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Regressing median peduncular infarction].

A case of a medial and caudal infarction of the midbrain in a 56 years old woman is reported. The clinical syndrome included a rapidly recovering sleepiness, an ophthalmoplegia related to damage to the caudal part of the oculomotor nuclear complex, a slow extrapyramidal dysarthria and a severe ataxia. The latter was characterized by the prevalent involvement of posture control, resulting from an axial hypotonia and the lack of balance reflexes. The CT scan showed a low density area in the central part of the midbrain. Electrophysiological investigations were carried out to study the impairment of the sensory and auditory tracts in the brainstem. In spite of the gravity of initial signs, recovery was good and the patient led a normal life 8 months later.

Ataxia↗
PubMed1984

[Isolated cervicothoracic spinal amyotrophy caused by hydromyelia. Stabilization by a ventricular shunt].

A 25-year-old man developed marked weakness of the upper limbs and shoulder girdle over a period of 6 months. On examination there was amyotrophy, fasciculations and areflexia of the upper limbs with increased lower limb reflexes. Sensation and CSF were normal. CT scan showed a thickened cord with a central medullary cavity of triangular shape with a ventral base. Myelobulbography showed a type I Arnold-Chiari malformation. Spinal angiography was normal. Isotopic studies showed early ventricular reflux. Although infusion tests gave negative results a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed and the condition stabilized. Follow-up examination 4 years later confirmed the absence of sensory disorders and nervous arthropathies. The mechanism of production of cervical cord lesions during hydromyelia may be related to hydrocephalus, with fluid absorption across the ependymal walls, or to venous stasis determined by the Arnold-Chiari malformation. The ventral extension of the central cord cavity accounted for the isolated atypical lesion of the anterior horns.

Adult↗