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Biomedical subjects

H Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to H Pedersen.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The development of cerebral CT changes during treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia in childhood.

Twenty-three children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were examined with cranial CT at least twice with a minimal interval of 10 months. The first CT was performed at the time of diagnosis in 11 children and during therapy in 12; all but two were normal on the first CT examination. These two had slight enlargement of the ventricular system and subarachnoid space at the time of diagnosis. These findings were unchanged on the second CT examinations. Seven patients, all in remission from leukemia of the central nervous system manifested abnormal findings on later CTs. Low density areas in the periventricular white matter were seen in the brains of three, with increasing subcortical calcification in one of these cases. Five children had slight enlargement of the ventricular system and subarachnoid space, especially of the basal and Sylvian cisterns. Later CT examinations in five, plus brain autopsy in two cases, revealed unchanged or progressive conditions. The CT findings have been related to the treatment and some characteristics of the disease. The frequency of CT abnormalities was higher in patients who had received therapeutic irradiation and intraventricular methotrexate treatment. The possible reasons for the CT abnormalities are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Toxicity of lidocaine in adult, newborn, and fetal sheep.

The relative central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity of lidocaine was compared in adult, newborn, and fetal sheep during continuous infusion of lidocaine into the jugular vein at the rate of 2 mg x kg-1 x min-1. An identical sequence of toxic manifestations occurred in the adult, newborn, and fetus: convulsions, hypotension, respiratory arrest, and circulatory collapse. Doses necessary to produce these manifestations were highest in fetuses and lowest in adults. For example, in order to elicit convulsions, 5.8 +/- 1.8 mg/kg of lidocaine was required in the adults, 18.4 +/- 2.2 in the newborns, and 41.9 +/- 6.0 in the fetuses. Measurements of lidocaine concentrations in blood demonstrated that these toxic symptoms occurred at levels which were not significantly different among the three groups. The results indicate that fetal and newborn lambs are no more sensitive to lidocaine toxicity than are adult sheep. The fact that the highest doses were required in the fetuses is probably related to the placental clearance of the drug into mothers and better fetal maintenance of arterial Po2 despite convulsions and respiratory arrest (cessation of breathing-like movements).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bathing water control according to the EEC Directive with a critical evaluation of coliforms as pollution indicators in marine environments.

The Danish bathing water control system as it has been worked out on the basis of the EEC Directive is described. According to the national tradition a standard for E. coli which is more stringent that the mandatory value in the directive has been maintained. Additionally water which has not distinctly been appointed as bathing water is protected against deterioration in the national legislation. Local authorities have been authorized to prohibit dogs on the beaches. Results from 1978 show that 16284 samples were taken from 1525 sampling points. Acceptable water quality was proved at 1292 stations. Only at 23 stations did local authorities completely prohibit bathing activities. The coast has been classified as excellent, good or unfit for recreational use. In fig. 1 a survey of water quality for the whole country is indicated. The use of coliforms as pollution does not essentially improve the evaluation of the hygienic condition of the water at least in the marine environment.

Bathing Beaches↗
PubMed1979

Absence of human placental lactogen in an otherwise uneventful pregnancy.

Human placental lactogen (hPL) is commonly used in surveying the placental function during normal and pathologic pregnancies. This report describes a pregnancy where hPL could not be found in maternal serum or placental tissue. The pregnancy was in all other respects completely normal, ending with the birth of a normal baby. Some possible reasons and consequences of this unique event are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Measurement of the normal ventricular system and supratentorial subarachnoid space in children with computed tomography.

The normal ventricular system and subarachnoid space were evaluated on the CT scans of 155 children chosen from 1,400 pediatric CT examinations, and linear measurements were made. The left septum-caudate distance was greater than the right, and the width of the left anterior horn and size of the skull were larger in boys. The interhemispheric and sylvian fissures, the third ventricle and Evans' ratio were larger in the younger group (less than 3 years) than in the older (greater than or equal to 3 years), while the opposite was found for the cella media index and size of the skull. The size of the lateral ventricles (expressed by anterior horn width, septum-caudate distance and width of cella media) was not different in the two age groups of children. Normal limits for the linear measurements and indices are given in Table 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin. A controlled clinical trial in focal motor and generalized epilepsy.

The antiepileptic effects of carbamazepine and phenytoin were compared in a double-blind crossover trial studying patients with primary and secondary generalized seizures and partial seizures with motor symptoms. Each treatment period lasted ten weeks. The patients were seen every two weeks, and doses were adjusted according to plasma levels. It was attempted to keep levels in the optimal plasma range, ie, 10 to 20 and 4 to 10 mg/liter for phenytoin and carbamazepine, respectively. Twenty-three patients entered and 19 completed the study. No statistically significant differences were found between carbamazepine and phenytoin with regard to seizure control and acute side effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Low cerebral blood flow: a risk factor in the neonate.

Among 19 infants in whom cerebral blood flow had been determined a few hours after birth, four died during the first days or weeks after birth, all with massive intracranial hemorrhage. The other infants were examined at 9 to 12 1/2 months of age by means of clinical neurologic evaluation, developmental psychologic assessment (Cattell), EEG, and cranial computed tomography. Six of the ten infants who had had CBF of 20 ml/100 gm/minute or less had developed cerebral atrophy as demonstrated at autopsy or by CT scan, none with neonatal flows above 20 had done so. Only one in the low flow group had developed completely normally, whereas abnormal development was found in only a minority of the high flow group. No other neonatal observation had such a clear relationship to later development. It is concluded that CBF of 20 or less during the first hours of life is critical.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in fetal and neonatal lambs and adult sheep.

The pharmacokinetics of lidocaine were studied in fetal and neonatal lambs and in pregnant and nonpregnant adult sheep. Catheters were implanted in the femoral vessels and in the urinary bladders of animals prepared for chronic study. Lidocaine, 5--10 mg/kg, was injected intravenously either into the fetus or newborn lamb or into nonpregnant adult sheep. Serial samples of arterial blood and urine were obtained over four hours and analyzed for unchanged lidocaine using a gas chromatographic technique. The elimination half-lives of lidocaine in the bloods of nonpregnant ewe, neonate and fetus were 31, 51 and 33 min, respectively. Total-body clearances in the neonate and adult were 53 and 41 ml/min/kg. The metabolic clearances of lidocaine were the same in both, and approximated hepatic blood flow. Renal clearance was greater in the neonate, which was attributed to differences in urinary pH values and extents of protein binding. Thus, despite differences in half-lives, the newborn lamb is as capable as the adult of clearing lidocaine.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Conservative treatment with total parenteral nutrition in patients with gastroesophageal anastomotic leaks (anastomotic leaks conservatively treated).

Seventeen patients with anastomotic leaks after operation for cardiac or upper gastric cancers were treated conservatively with parenteral nutrition, antibiotics and drainage. Ten patients healed after in mean 33 days, while seven died. All febrile patients had elevation of blood urea, and four had abnormal hepatic enzymes during the parenteral nutrition. There were no significant venous or infectious complications due to the parenteral nutrition.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗