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Biomedical subjects

H Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to H Pedersen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Male contraception: the effect of d-norgestrel and testosterone enanthate on spermatogenesis--ultrastructural characteristics.

Electron microscopy was performed on testicular biopsies from men during a contraceptive regimen with d-norgestrel and testosterone enanthate. There was a considerable reduction of spermatogenesis, the seminiferous tubules being lined with a low epithelium of early spermatogenetic cells and only few late stages and spermatozoa. At the ultrastructural level, no qualitative changes could be observed in any of the tubular cells, a fact that seems to be of significance in contraception where any possible change should be entirely reversible.

Androgens↗
PubMed1983

Fasting plasma somatostatin in alcoholic liver disease.

Fasting level of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in plasma was measured by a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay in 36 patients with alcoholic liver disease verified by histopathology (10 patients with steatosis and 26 with cirrhosis of the liver). The median value of SLI was markedly elevated in patients with steatosis of the liver as compared to normal subjects, P less than 0.01, while the median value of SLI in the cirrhotic group was even higher, P less than 0.05, as compared to the steatotic group. Correlations of SLI to se-bilirubin and p-coagulation factors 2, 7 and 10 were significant, P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively, whereas no correlation to plasma insulin could be elicited. These results suggest that in alcoholic liver disease fasting plasma somatostatin is correlated to the degree of hepatic failure and indicate that the liver is an important site for clearance of portal vein somatostatin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Some prognostic factors in colorectal cancer with special reference to chemotherapy.

Accumulated data from 118 patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancers were analyzed with respect to prognostic factors. Fifty per cent of the patients had measurable disease. Patients with greater than or equal to 50% regression of tumor had significantly longer survival than those not responding. A normal bone marrow function at start of treatment was the only factor of significance for tumor regression. When survival was considered the following single factors were significant: performance status, enzyme imbalances, bone marrow function. By Cox multivariate analysis the following order of significance for risk factors was found: performance status, enzyme imbalances, renal function, bone marrow function. Emphasis is put on the clinical importance of performance status. The necessity of prognostic stratification of patients who enter chemotherapy studies is stressed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography in spastic cerebral palsy.

Eighty-three children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) were examined with cranial CT. In 56 cases the CT findings were abnormal. The most frequent abnormality was atrophy, present in 44 patients. The frequency of pathologic CT increased with severity of the CP. Patients with CP of postnatal aetiology more often had abnormal CT than patients with other known causes. Pathologic CT findings were seen more often in patients with seizures than in patients without. Infarctions and hemiatrophy were much more frequent in patients with hemiplegia than in patients with other types of spastic CP. A special kind of central atrophy, called isolated atrophy around in the cella media, is described. This condition was seen in 20% of cases, most often in hemi- and paraplegic patients. Early infarctions in the border areas between the vascular territories of the internal carotid and the posterior cerebral artery may be the reason for this kind of atrophy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic findings of early subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Computed tomography of the brain (CT) was carried out at the early stages of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in three children. The lateral ventricles were very small and the hemispheric sulci and interhemispheric fissures were not visible in all three patients in contrast to severe atrophy found at a later stage in one patient. The early CT abnormalities were revealed at the same time as the titres of measles antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were elevated, and the characteristic periodic complexes in the electroencephalogram established the diagnosis of SSPE. The CT changes indicating brain swelling reflect the reactive changes of this slow virus infection.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetic characterization of extracorporeal therapy.

The efficiency of extracorporeal therapy with immobilized enzymes (reactive devices) and hemoperfusion cartridges (nonreactive devices) is evaluated in terms of a new pharmacokinetic parameter, the bioefficacy. A detailed analysis is provided in the former case, and it is shown how the bioefficacy can be calculated from a combined pharmacokinetic and reactor analysis. The theory is presented for evaluating bioefficacy in terms of linear pharmacokinetic models that view the reactor or other extracorporeal appliance as an artificial organ. Examples are drawn from recent work on methotrexate rescue with immobilized carboxypeptidase G1 and from literature data on the use of hemoperfusion to treat drug overdose to illustrate the calculations.

Enzymes, Immobilized↗
PubMed1982

Cranial computed tomography during treatment of childhood lymphocytic leukemia. Factors predisposing to abnormalities.

Twenty-three children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were examined by computed tomography (CT) of the head on two occasions more than 11 months apart. The first CT was performed at the time of diagnosis in 11 children, who were re-examined while still in their first complete remission. They had received prophylactic central nervous system (CNS) treatment consisting of intrathecal methotrexate supplemented by irradiation in 7 cases and intermediate dose methotrexate in 4 cases. Twelve children were receiving treatment for CNS relapse. This included therapeutic irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate. Abnormal CT developed in 7 children. Three CT scans demonstrated areas of decreased attenuation coefficient, one with intracerebral calcifications. In 5 patients, dilatation of the ventricles and cortical sulci had developed. All CT abnormalities occurred in children in remission after CNS relapse. These results indicate that prophylactic treatment including cranial irradiation with 24 Gy and low cumulative doses of methotrexate is a safe procedure. Patients with CNS leukemia are at risk of developing CNS abnormalities, when they receive treatment with cranial irradiation and methotrexate. The risk is not correlated with age or sex of the child, the duration of the disease, the dose of irradiation or the cumulative dose of methotrexate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Hypertensive peaks in the pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in the newborn. Abolition by phenobarbitone sedation.

Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was measured continuously for 3 to 5 days after birth in 27 premature infants with a birth weight under 1500 g, and who required umbilical artery catheterisation. All had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) occurred in 9 infants (33%), diagnosed by computered tomography (CT). IVH was more common in infants of lower gestational age, in infants delivered vaginally and in infants with perinatal asphyxia. Variable increases in MABP over the resting value occurred in all infants associated with increases in both active and passive motor activity. In 6 infant pairs matched for birth weight, gestational age, mode of delivery and severity of perinatal asphyxia, the infants who developed IVH had higher peak MABP valued compared to matched controls. Resting and minimum MABP values were not different in the two groups. We conclude that the large increases in arterial blood pressure which occur with both spontaneous motor activity and in association with nursing procedures, are an important cause of development of IVH in very low birth weight infants. An example is given to show that pressure peaks can be abolished by phenobarbitone sedation.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1982

Multivariate analysis of risk factors in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumors treated with vinblastine and bleomycin.

39 patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases were treated with vinblastine intravenous bolus injection day 1 and day 36 and bleomycin intramuscularly twice weekly for 10 weeks. 8 patients had complete remission. 4 of these are alive with no evidence of disease for 91 + to 109 + months. Studied with Wilk's method for stepwise discriminant analysis tumor volume and performance status significantly predicted the patients who had complete remission. Studied with Cox's proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis hCG in the primary tumor, serum lactate dehydrogenase, performance status, and complete remission had a significant impact on survival. The information from the risk factors may be useful in a differentiated treatment of patients with testicular germ cell tumor metastases.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Prognosis in infantile hydrocephalus. Follow-up in adult patients, born 1946-1955.

Twenty-six patients with infantile hydrocephalus were re-examined at ages ranging from 21-32 years. Operations had been performed in 11, but abnormal head growth continued post-operatively in 9. One third of the patients lead a normal life, while half of the patients are mentally deficient. All patients have neurological signs, poor dexterity and clumsiness being present in all. Psychological testing reveals uneven profiles, in 4 patients with performance IQ considerably lower than verbal IQ. Computerised tomography demonstrates all degrees of hydrocephalus with no correlation between ventricular-brain ratio and IQ or between ventricular-brain ratio and operative procedures. Full otoneurological investigation shows differential-caloric examination to be abnormal in 60%, although none of the patients have complaints referring to the vestibular system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The prognostic significance of weight loss and its integration in stage-grouping of oesophageal cancer.

166 patients suffering from oesophageal cancer were subdivided into two groups with respect to weight loss. Survival of patients with less than or equal to 10% weight loss was significantly longer than in patients with greater 10% weight loss. Within the group with less than or equal 10% weight loss, patients in initial poor physical condition who improved on parenteral nutrition did as well as those in a spontaneously good condition. 159 could be stage-grouped according to the UICC classification. This classification did not give a clear-cut stratification with respect to survival. If the patients were reclassified into three stages in a system combining UICC stages with degree of weight loss, significant differences in survival between the individual stages could be obtained. It is recommended that the degree of weight loss is integrated in the stage-grouping of oesophageal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Torsio appendicis vermiformis. Report of an unusual case.

Torsion of the appendix vermiformis is a rare condition, that clinically simulates an acute appendicitis with sudden severe symptoms. This report describes a case of a 540-degree twisted appendix, that gave rise to prolonged, vague symptoms. This clinical picture has not been described before.

Appendix↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of etidocaine in fetal and neonatal lambs and adult sheep.

Etidocaine, 2.5 mg/kg, was injected intravenously into either a nonpregnant adult sheep (N = 7), neonatal lamb (N = 7), or fetal lamb (N = 6), all with catheters in the femoral vessels and urinary bladders. Serial arterial blood and urine samples were obtained over 4 hours and analyzed for unchanged etidocaine using a gas chromatographic technique. The distribution and elimination half-lives of etidocaine in the blood of nonpregnant adults and newborn sheep were similar. The volume of distribution was significantly greater in the newborn (4.64 LK/kg) compared with the adult (1.52 L/kg) as was the total body clearance (87-4 vs 30.3 ml/min/kg). Renal clearance was also significantly greater in the newborn. The data indicate that the newborn lamb is capable of eliminating etidocaine as rapidly as the adult. Following injection of the drug into the fetus, fetal blood concentrations became undetectable after 30 minutes due to placental transfer into the maternal compartment.

Acetanilides↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography of benign supratentorial astrocytomas of infancy and childhood.

The CT findings of 15 benign supratentorial astrocytomas in children less than 15 years of age are compared with the CT findings of 19 supratentorial tumors of other histological types in the same age group. Astrocytomas were more often hypodense, lacked calcification and showed greater contrast enhancement than other tumors. Seven of the 15 astrocytomas were hypodense, without calcification and showed contrast enhancement of more than 10 Hounsfield units, whereas this coexistence was not present in any of the 19 tumors of the other histological types.

Adolescent↗