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Biomedical subjects

H Oz

Publications and source records attributed to H Oz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on cytokine response during tympanoplasty surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study was devised to compare the effects of sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia on the cytokine response. METHODS: Sixty ASA I-II patients, scheduled for tympanoplasty, were randomly allocated to be anaesthetized with either sevoflurane or desflurane at maintenance inspiratory concentrations of 1-1.5 MAC of either agent. Blood samples were taken for plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 1beta and interleukin-6 assay before induction of anaesthesia, before surgery, and at the end of surgery. Alveolar cells were obtained after induction of anaesthesia and at the end of surgery. RESULTS: Plasma TNFalpha was greater with desflurane than sevoflurane both before surgery (45.1 +/- 3.5 pg ml(-1) for desflurane vs. 23.2 +/- 2.5 pg ml(-1) for sevoflurane, P < 0.01) and (62.0 +/- 5.3 pg ml(-1) vs. 35.5 +/- 4.6 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001). Interleukin 1beta was similarly greater with desflurane than sevoflurane before (39.3 +/- 4.0 pg ml(-1) vs. 17.4 +/- 3.0 pg ml(-1); P < 0.01) and after surgery (46.0 +/- 3.4 pg ml(-1) vs. 23.3 +/- 3.2 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001). There were similar results for interleukin 6 before (42.3 +/- 3.5 pg mls(-1). 29.0 +/- 2.6 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001) and after surgery (86.0 +/- 4.5 pg ml(-1) vs. 45.9 +/- 6.3 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001). Alveolar cell TNFalpha concentrations after surgery were also greater with desflurane than sevoflurane (96.3 +/- 12.4 pg ml(-1) vs. 64.8 +/- 10.1 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001), as were interleukin 1beta (75.4 +/- 6.2 pg ml(-1) vs. 32.0 +/- 8.3 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001) and interleukin 6 concentrations (540.1 +/- 65.3 pg ml(-1) vs. 363.6 +/- 29.2 pg ml(-1), P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Desflurane appears to cause a greater systemic and intrapulmonary pro-inflammatory response than sevoflurane during anaesthesia for ear surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of plasma and tissue oxidative stresses in intra-abdominal sepsis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between plasma and tissue oxidative stress and the antioxidative response, by measuring malon dialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in late sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study in rats was done. Forty rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). In group 1, laparotomy was performed under aseptic conditions, and the cecum ligated and perforated. The abdomen was closed. In group 2, sham control, there was only laparotomy. Twenty-four hours later, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for plasma MDA and GSH, followed by harvesting of samples from lung, liver, kidney, and heart in both groups. RESULTS: In the liver, lung, plasma, heart, and kidney, MDA concentrations were increased in the sepsis group after 24 h (P < 0.001 for all organ samples). In the same organs, GSH concentrations were decreased by sepsis (P < 0.001 for all organ samples). In both groups, plasma MDA was positively correlated to MDA in heart (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), liver (r = 0.76, P < 0.001), lung (r = 0.78, P < 0.001), and kidney (r = 0.73, P < 0.001). Similarly, plasma GSH was positively correlated to GSH in liver (r = 0.93, P < 0.001), heart (r = 0.86, P < 0.001), lung (r = 0.91, P < 0.001), and kidney (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma MDA and GSH were positively correlated with tissue MDA and GSH in intra-abdominal sepsis in a rat model.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

The effects of sevoflurane and desflurane on lipid peroxidation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of sevoflurane and desflurane anaesthesia on lipid peroxidation. METHODS: We studied 40 healthy patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly allocated to be anaesthetized either with sevoflurane (n = 20) or desflurane (n = 20). Anaesthesia was maintained with inspiratory concentrations of sevoflurane 1-1.5 MAC (n = 20) or desflurane (n = 20). Samples were taken for plasma malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase assays before induction of anaesthesia, before skin incision and at the end of surgery. Alveolar cell samples were obtained from the lungs using the technique of protective blind bronchoalveolar lavage, after induction of anaesthesia and at the end of surgery for malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase concentrations. RESULTS: Plasma malondialdehyde increased more after the administration of desflurane than after sevoflurane: after induction 5.9 +/- 0.6 nmol mL(-1) for desflurane vs. 3.8 +/- 0.5 nmol L(-1) for sevoflurane (P < 0.001); at the end of the surgery: 6.7 +/- 0.4 nmol mL(-1) for desflurane vs. 4.2 +/- 0.3 nmol mL(-1) for sevoflurane (P < 0.001). There was a small but significant increase in plasma superoxide dismutase concentration after desflurane--from 24.2 +/- 1.2 to 24.9 +/- 0.9 U mL(-1) after induction and 25 +/- 1 U mL(-1) at the end of the surgery (P < 0.01)--but no increase with sevoflurane. Malondialdehyde concentrations increased significantly in the cells obtained by protective blind bronchoalveolar lavage at the end of surgery in the desflurane group (from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 nmol mL(-1) (P < 0.001)), but not in the sevoflurane group. There were no significant differences between the two anaesthetics in the amounts of superoxide dismutase in the samples obtained by protective blind bronchoalveolar lavage. CONCLUSIONS: Desflurane may cause more systemic and regional lipid peroxidation than sevoflurane during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in healthy human beings.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Combination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and antibacterial drugs for the treatment of ventilatory associated nosocomial pneumonia.

In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate the role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF) supplement to antibiotherapy, for the treatment of ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia (VAP) in patients intubated due to acute respiratory failure. In Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU), 28 patients on mechanical ventilation are randomised into two groups as rhG-CSF and control, after they are diagnosed to have VAP. The first group received 5 micrograms/kg/day subcutaneous rhG-CSF as a supplement to antibiotherapy while in the second group the sole treatment was antibiotherapy. For each patient studied, the chart is reviewed at the first day of mechanical ventilation and for 8 days after VAP for the following parameters: erythrocyte, leucocyte, granulocyte and platelet counts; SGOT, SGPT, blood urea, creatinine; microbiological analyses of transtracheal aspirate, hemocultures and infiltrations shown on chest x-ray. APACHE II scores of patients are also recorded. Statistical comparisons among groups are performed with Mann-Whitney U test. The groups didn't differ significantly in erythrocyte, platelet counts and blood urea, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT (p > 0.05). The difference is found to be much more significant according to leucocyte and granulocyte counts in rhG-CSF group, when compared to control group (p < 0.001). We conclude, that combination of antibacterial agents and rhG-CSF may be beneficial for the treatment of VAP.

APACHE↗
PubMed1997

Effects of thymosin alpha-1 on erythrocyte lipid levels and erythrocyte membrane (Na(+)-K+)-ATPase activity in experimental hypercholesterolemia.

Thymosin alpha-1 is an active polypeptide isolated from thymus. This polypeptide is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, especially immune diseases. In this present study, we examined the effects of thymosin alpha-1 on plasma and erythrocyte lipid levels and the changes in erythrocyte membrane (Na+, K+)ATPase activity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The erythrocyte lipid levels decreased, whereas the erythrocyte membrane (Na+, K+)ATPase activity increased significantly in these rabbits after thymosin alpha-1 injection. These findings suggest that thymosin alpha-1 is effective on both the lipid level and erythrocyte membrane (Na+, K+)ATPase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Thymosin alpha 1 protects liver and aorta from oxidative damage in atherosclerotic rabbits.

The thymus hormones were reported to be effective on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. Thymus plays a broader role than just regulating the immune system. Thymosin alpha 1 is the first subgroup extracted from thymosin F5 and has higher biological activity than thymosin F5. In the present study, we have examined the effects of thymosin alpha 1 on lipid levels and lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) content in the plasma, liver and aorta tissues of atherosclerotic rabbits. At the end of thymosin alpha 1 treatment, we determined the lipid levels and lipid peroxidation of the plasma, liver and aorta tissues and hepatic subcellular fractions in these rabbits. Our results demonstrated that thymosin alpha 1 might normalize changed lipid levels and increased lipid peroxides and also elevate decreased GSH in the plasma, liver and aorta tissues of atherosclerotic rabbits. Results of this study suggest that thymosin alpha 1 may be beneficial to prevent and/or to treat atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of intrapleural versus intravenous morphine for postthoracotomy pain management.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effects of intrapleural and intravenous morphine administration for postthoracotomy pain management. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective trial. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight consenting patients scheduled for elective thoracotomy operations. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 20 mg of intrapleural morphine (IPM group) or 20 mg of intravenous morphine (IVM group) at the end of the operation. Plasma morphine levels, arterial pressures, heart rate, verbal analog scale (VAS), respiratory rate, and PaCO2 levels were compared in two groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma morphine levels were significantly higher in the IVM group at the 5th minute until the 2nd postoperative hour. VAS was significantly higher in the IVM group. Respiratory rates were significantly higher in the IPM group, whereas PaCO2 remained significantly lower than in the IVM group. CONCLUSIONS: IPM achieved better analgesia than IVM and this effect is probably attributable to peripheral effects of morphine.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1995

The role of thymosin F5 on anemia in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

New Zealand White rabbits were made hypercholesterolemic by feeding a high cholesterol diet (20 g/kg diet) for 3 months. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were monitored as a function of time. At the end of 3 months, the plasma lipid levels, the whole blood, erythrocyte and haemoglobin-bound 2,3-DPG levels and leucocyte counts increased, whereas erythrocyte counts, hematocrit and haemoglobin levels decreased significantly in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. At the end of 3 months, the rabbits in the experimental group were divided into two groups. The first group was fed a standard diet for 21 days. The second group received 0.5 mg/kg thymosin F5 injection i.p. every other day for 21 days. After this period, the plasma lipid levels, the whole blood, erythrocyte and haemoglobin-bound 2,3-DPG levels, erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, hematocrit and haemoglobin levels were measured. Rabbits fed diets supplemented with thymosin F5 had markedly lower plasma lipid levels, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit and haemoglobin levels and enhanced leucocyte counts, but did not have significantly less whole blood, erythrocyte and haemoglobin-bound 2,3-DPG levels. We conclude that thymosin F5 has lipid-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The data further suggest that effects of thymosin F5 on haematological parameters are due to the cholesterol decrease and not to the direct regulatory mechanism.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1994

Serum fructosamine correlates with gingival index in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).

Fructosamine assay, which is used in diagnosing and monitoring diabetic patients, is compared with the hemoglobin and plasma glucose assays in children and adolescent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. We demonstrated that the gingival index scores were correlated with fructosamine values in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients but not in non-diabetic controls. We also found that there was no correlation between gingivitis scores and fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c values. Periodontitis was found to be rare in diabetic children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Fructosamine as a possible monitoring parameter in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients with periodontal disease.

Fructosamine assay is a new test used in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic patients. This assay may be of interest to the periodontist for, while the traditional plasma glucose value would give a general view and information about diabetic control at a certain point, the fructosamine concentration gives an indication of the plasma glucose level over a considerable period of time, such as 1 to 3 weeks. We investigated whether there was any relation between the diseased state of the periodontal tissues and plasma fructosamine and the plasma glucose values in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. We found that fructosamine correlated with the degree of gingival bleeding, however serum glucose levels had little or no correlation.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1991

The effect of thymosin fraction 5 on lipid peroxidation in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet.

Plasma and erythrocyte lipid levels and susceptibility of erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation were determined in rabbits fed diet containing 2% (w/w) cholesterol, for 3 months. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits had high plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels as compared to control rabbits. After high-cholesterol diet, the rabbits in the experimental group were divided into two groups. The first group was fed a normal diet for 21 days and the second group was given normal diet plus thymosin F5 injections every other day for the same period. At the end of this period, plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels were significantly decreased in the group injected with thymosin F5.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of thymosin fraction 5 (F5) on erythrocyte glutathione and lipid peroxide levels in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

The effect of thymosin F5 injection on the erythrocyte glutathione levels were investigated in the rabbits fed 2% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Although the cholesterol rich diet caused a significant decrease in erythrocyte glutathione levels, erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels were increased considerably. After a cholesterol-rich diet, the rabbits were injected thymosin F5 (0.5 mg/kg body weight, i.p) every other day for 21 days. Thymosin F5 treatment caused a significant increase in erythrocyte glutathione levels. However erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels decreased significantly. These findings suggest that thymosin F5 is effective on both the glutathione concentration and the propagation of lipid peroxidation in red blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Influence of thymic fraction 5 on erythrocyte (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

The effects of thymus fraction 5 injection on cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels in plasma and erythrocytes as well as on membrane-bound (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity were investigated in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet for 3 months. While cholesterol feeding caused an increase in plasma and erythrocytes phospholipid levels, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was found to be reduced. After high-cholesterol diet, the rabbits were given normal diet with or without thymosin F5 injections every other day for 21 days. Thymosin F5 treatment caused a significant decrease in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid levels whereas membrane-bound (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was increased significantly. It is concluded that hypercholesterolemic lesions and the decreased erythrocyte ATPase activity may be eliminated by thymic extracts in rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in brain capillaries of cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Cerebral microvascular endothelium, the constituent cell of the blood-brain barrier, is enriched in the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). This enzyme plays a role in the regulation of amino acid uptake and transport, and in the gamma-glutamylation of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Recent studies have demonstrated that GGT activity is modulated by cholinergic-adrenergic agonists. The levels of the acetylcholine-catabolizing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), may therefore be related to the modulation of the GGT activity. In this study, the activities of GGT and AChE in microvessel-enriched fractions were assayed after feeding of rabbits a high cholesterol diet. A 21% decrease of GGT activity and a 44% increase of AChE activity appeared at the end of dietary treatment.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

Mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation in rat liver after acute acetaldehyde and ethanol intoxication.

The effects of acetaldehyde and ethanol treatments on hepatic lipid peroxidation are compared in rats after the administration of toxically corresponding doses. Wistar rats were given a single dose of acetaldehyde (0.5 g/kg) or ethanol (5 g/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were killed 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h after treatments. The results indicate that acetaldehyde, like ethanol, stimulates hepatic lipid peroxidation and also selectively affects the hepatic mitochondria.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1989

Increased hepatic lipid peroxidation in aged mice.

In recent years, the free radical theory of aging has attained great interest. Many studies on aging using tissue homogenates and subcellular fractions have provided evidence for the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. However, there are studies which report decrease or no significant change in parameters of lipid peroxidation. In our study, we investigated whether hepatic lipid peroxidation levels in male Swiss-Albino mice change with age. Three groups of animals, 3, 6 and 18 months old, were used. The diene conjugate and malondialdehyde levels of liver homogenates, mitochondria and microsomes were measured. Significant increases in both diene conjugate and malondialdehyde levels of liver homogenates and mitochondria have been observed in 18-month-old mice when compared with those aged 3 and 6 months. As for microsomes, only malondialdehyde levels were elevated in the old group when compared with young and adult groups. Both parameters were significantly increased in aged mice which indicate that lipid peroxidation is important in advancing age in mice.

Age Factors↗