Thermodynamic properties of the Delta -chain model in a uniform magnetic field.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
H Otsuka
Publications and source records attributed to H Otsuka.
Antiallergic dimeric prenylbenzoquinones from Ehretia microphylla.
The ethyl acetate-soluble portion of the MeOH extract of Ehretia microphylla showed inhibitory activity on exocytosis in antigen-stimulated rat basophils. The bioassay-guided separation of this fraction afforded five biologically active compounds. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds, which include microphyllone, a unique dimeric prenylbenzoquinone, and its congeners, were elucidated.
Allergens↗
Iridoid glucosides from the leaves and stems of Duranta erecta.
From the leaves of Duranta erecta, four new iridoid glucosides, duranterectosides A, B, C and D, were isolated along with durantosides I and II, lamiide, lamiidoside and verbascoside. Duranterectoside A was also isolated from the stems together with durantosides I, II and III, and lamiidoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on the spectroscopic evidence.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Histochemical and functional characteristics of metachromatic cells in the nasal epithelium in allergic rhinitis: studies of nasal scrapings and their dispersed cells.
BACKGROUND: In allergic rhinitis, metachromatic cells in the nasal epithelium increase in number and are thought to play an important role in nasal allergic manifestation. METHODS: To determine immunohistochemical and functional characteristics of the metachromatic cells, nasal scrapings and their dispersed cells from patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were studied. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent of all metachromatic cells in dispersed cell preparations were tryptase-positive mast cells (MCT), 10% were tryptase-chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine chymase-positive cells (MCTC), and 7% were negative (n = 10). The mean histamine content per metachromatic cell was 1.9 +/- 2 pg. The histamine content and histamine release from nasal surface scrapings of patients sensitized with mite antigen were strongly correlated with the level of serum IgE antibody for mite antigen. The net histamine release from nasal scraping was antigen-dose-dependent (1:2 x 10(7) to 1:2 x 10(3) dilution), and the antigen stimulated release of up to 17% of cell-associated histamine within 5 to 7 minutes. Histamine release from nasal scrapings induced by calcium ionophore A23187 was up to 21% of cell-associated histamine within 2 to 4 minutes, but no histamine release was stimulated by compound 48/80, substance P, or poly-L-lysine. Histamine release from nasal scrapings was inhibited 46% (10(-5) mol/L) to 96% (10(-4) mol/L) by quercetin and 58% (10(-4) mol/L) to 72% (10(-3) mol/L) by sodium cromoglycate. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show the predominant characteristics of mast cells in the nasal epithelium in allergic rhinitis, and this information may be useful in relation to a therapeutic approach.
Adolescent↗
Sexual dimorphism of lipids in Harderian glands of golden hamsters.
The Harderian gland of golden hamsters excretes alkyldiacylglycerol (ADG), the fatty acid and alkyl compositions of which differ between males and females. ADG in males contains mostly straight chain fatty acids, even- and odd-numbered, the major one being 15:0, while ADG in females contains iso- and anteiso-branched chain acids (34.0%). Iso-branching was found in both even- and odd-numbered acids, but anteiso-branching was found mostly in odd-numbered acids. The presence of propionic acid at the 3 position of the glycerol moiety in male ADG, and of isovaleric and 2-methylbutyric acids at the same position in female ADG was demonstrated by NMR spectrometry. Alkyl portions also exhibited sexual dimorphism in these lipids. ADG from males consisted of straight aliphatic chains, but branched chain components occupied almost half (45%) in ADG from females, and the branching resided at the iso- and anteiso-positions. The ADGs in glands from the two sexes were separated by Iatrobeads column chromatography into three and two subfractions, respectively. The fatty acid and alkyl compositions of these subfractions coincided with the above-mentioned results and with the behavior of the ADGs on thin-layer plates. These findings suggest that a sex hormone affects the metabolism of valine, leucine and isoleucine, and sexual dimorphism of ADGs occurs in the Harderian gland.
Animals↗
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium: a case report and a suggestion of new histogenesis.
A case of primary endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a 75-year-old woman is reported. In her endometrium, mature stratified squamous epithelium was associated with mucinous glands in which epithelium and glands were identical to those of the uterine cervix, but which were not connected with the cervix. Thus, the endometrial squamous epithelium with mucinous glands was diagnosed as heterotopic cervical tissue. This heterotopia was surrounded by ESCC and connected with it. The present case suggests that some ESCCs may arise in heterotopic cervical epithelium in the endometrium.
Aged↗
Alangionosides G-M: glycosides of megastigmane derivatives from the leaves of Alangium premnifolium.
Phytochemical investigation of the 1-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of Alangium premnifolium resulted in the isolation of ten megastigmane glycosides, of which, two, (6R,9R)-3-oxo-alpha-ionol apiofuranosylglucopyranoside and roseoside with (6S,9R)-blumeol A as an aglycone were known. The structures of the eight new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Cyclohexanes↗
[Study of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor in the human nasal mucosa].
Recently monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) has been reported to be a potent histamine releasing factor (HRF) for human basophils. In this study we investigated the localization and biological activity of MCAF in human nasal mucosa. To investigate the localization of MCAF within the nasal mucosa we performed specific immunohistochemical staining of sections of large pieces of the inferior turbinate obtained by conchotomy from patients with nasal allergy and without nasal allergy and compared them. Sections of nasal mucosa from allergic subjects stained with anti-MCAF mAb demonstrated the presence of many MCAF-positive cells in the lamina propria especially around small vessels and excretory gland, but only a few positive cells were found in the nasal mucosa of normal subjects. We cultured allergic nasal mucosa and sinus mucosa from patients with chronic inflammation for 2 days and detected MCAF by western blot analysis of the culture supernatants. One portion separated from sinus mucosa supernatant by column chromatography also released histamine from human basophils. Mean release was 3-4% and the difference from the control was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In the human nasal mucosa it seemed to exist IgE independent histamine releasing system sustained by MCAF producing cells. These results suggested that MCAF is one of the important mediators causing histamine release in the late phase reaction and in protracted inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Adult↗
[A trial for quantification of proton MR spectroscopy: relaxation times of each metabolite and concentration using water signal as an internal standard].
We conducted quantification of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) using water signal as an internal standard. The 1H-MR spectrum was measured with and without water suppression pulses. For calculation of relaxation times, measurement conditions of the PRESS sequence were as follows: TR = 1500, 3000, 5000 ms, TE = 135,270 ms. The T1 relaxation and T2 relaxation of each metabolite were calculated by fitting to the curve of the equation of the spin echo sequence. The signal intensities of each metabolite were corrected using relaxation times and such corrected intensities were used for the quantitative calculation. The concentration of each metabolite was obtained from ratios of the corrected intensities of water and metabolites. The value of each concentration was coincident with that reported in the previous literature. We considered that this quantification using water signal as an internal standard would be very useful when the proton-weighted image does not show remarkable change.
Adult↗
Effects of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists on inspiratory neurons in the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation of newborn rat.
We examined the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) and non-NMDA antagonists, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) on inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata and C4 and C5 ventral root activity in the in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation of newborn rats. Application of APV induced increased rate of inspiratory neuron bursts, and decreased burst duration. The C4 burst activity was almost abolished by application of CNQX, whereas inspiratory neurons continued to discharge rhythmically. The results suggest that non-NMDA receptors are not crucially involved in the medullary respiratory rhythmogenesis, and that NMDA-mediated neurotransmission could modify the respiratory pattern, in the in vitro model.
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate↗
Ground-state properties of the half-filled Kondo lattice model: A numerical study.
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Journal Article↗
Polyclonal antibody against a complement-activating pectin from the roots of Angelica acutiloba.
Anti-sera against a complement-activating pectin (AR-2IIb), which was purified from the roots of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa, were obtained by immunization of rabbits, and a polyclonal anti-AR-2IIb antibody of the IgG class was purified by affinity chromatography on AR-2IIb-immobilized Sepharose and Protein G-Sepharose. Periodate oxidation of AR-2IIb significantly reduced its inhibitory activity on the reactivity of AR-2IIb to anti-AR-2IIb-IgG, but pronase digestion of AR-2IIb did not affect its inhibitory activity. Other pharmacologically active pectins from A. autiloba, Bupleurum falcatum, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis and the complement-activating pectic arabinogalactan from A. autiloba also showed significant inhibitory activities on the reactivity of AR-2IIb to anti-AR-2IIb-IgG, but these inhibitory activities were lower than that of AR-2IIb. Other pectins, polygalacturonic acid, arabinogalactan, galactan, and araban tested had negligible inhibitory activity. Endo-a-(1-->4)-polygalacturonase digestion of AR-2IIb indicated that its "ramified" region (rhamnogalacturonan core possessing neutral oligosaccharide side-chains) contained epitopes for anti-AR-2IIb-IgG, but that 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO)-containing regions and oligogalacturonides obtained from AR-2IIb were not recognized by anti-AR-2IIb-IgG. Although carboxyl-reduction of galacturonic acid in the "ramified" region decreased the inhibitory activity of the "ramified" on its reactivity to anti-AR-2IIb, an acidic tetrasaccharide unit in the rhamnogalacturonan core had negligible inhibitory activity.
Animals↗
Mutational analysis of the Sar1 protein, a small GTPase which is essential for vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum.
SAR1 encodes a 21-kDa GTPase, which is required for vesicle formation from the endoplasmic reticulum in yeast. Although it belongs to the expanding small GTPase superfamily, there are interesting structural features that are unique to the Sar1 protein. We performed a site-directed mutational study to identify the amino acid residues that are essential for the Sar1p function. Among seven mutants we constructed, four are functionless by themselves, while two confer temperature sensitivity to cells. When the mutant proteins are overproduced in wild-type cells, all of these six show a dominant negative effect on cell growth. The replacement by serine of the only cysteine residue present in Sar1p caused no significant change in the growth phenotype. These findings are not only important for analyzing the mechanism of the Sar1p action in yeast, but will also be very useful for studying the function of Sar1p counterparts in higher eukaryotes.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Noninvasive, continuous blood pressure measurement by arterial tonometry during anesthesia in children.
BACKGROUND: The authors' previous study of arterial tonometry in children demonstrated poor agreement of tonometric blood pressure (TBP) measurements with intraarterial blood pressure (IBP) measurements. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the feasibility of TBP measurements in children aged 1-6 yr using a newly designed pediatric sensor housing, by comparing TBP values with values obtained by IBP measurements. METHODS: Thirty-four children (aged 1-6 yr, ASA physical status 1-2) were studied undergoing elective abdominal or urologic surgery under general anesthesia. A 22- or 24-G cannula was inserted into the right radial artery. A TBP sensor housing was positioned over the left radial artery. TBP and IBP were continuously monitored and data were periodically sampled during and after intubation, during surgery, and during the recovery period. RESULTS: TBP waveforms were similar to those of IBP. Limits of agreement (bias +/- 2 SD) were 12 and -13.3 mmHg for systolic, 11.6 and -10.4 mmHg for mean, and 13.2 and -10.8 mmHg for diastolic pressures for 3,400 paired points. Measurements could not be made in ten children because of insufficient pulse contour. CONCLUSIONS: When pulse contour is sufficient for analysis, TBP monitoring provides an apparently safe and accurate method for the continuous measurement of arterial blood pressure during anesthesia in children aged 1-6 yr.
Anesthesia↗
Exercise performance in children with hyperthyroidism.
An attempt was made to define exercise performance in children with untreated hyperthyroidism using treadmill stress testing. Data were obtained for five female patients and the results were compared with those obtained for 16 normal female subjects. There were no significant differences at rest between the hyperthyroidism group and the control group in oxygen uptake, minute ventilation and respiratory rate. On the other hand, heart rate in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly higher than that in the control group. During exercise, there were significant differences between the two groups in oxygen uptake, heart rate, minute ventilation and respiratory rate. Hyperthyroid patients did not show an abrupt increase in heart rate during the first 30 s of exercise. Exercise stress testing can therefore reveal cardiopulmonary abnormalities that are not evident at rest in children with hyperthyroidism.
Adolescent↗
Synthesis of the metabolites of clentiazem.
The metabolites of clentiazem in the urine or bile of rats and dogs were investigated. Fifteen basic, 6 acidic, 2 neutral and 4 conjugated metabolites were isolated. In the present paper, fourteen reference compounds as shown in Charts 1, 2 and 3 were synthesized to identify the structures of the metabolites in procedures fundamentally similar to those employed in the synthesis of the corresponding metabolites of diltiazem.
Animals↗
Mammary fibroadenoma in a young Holstein cow.
A mammary mass approximately 60 cm in diameter, which developed in the left udder of a 17-month-old Holstein cow, was removed surgically. The mass was well demarcated from the surrounding tissues and its cut surface was lobular in appearance. Microscopically, the mass consisted of a proliferation of well differentiated ducts and mucinous connective tissue. Immunohistochemically, the proliferative stroma contained two distinct cell types; vimentin-positive fibroblasts and spindle cells positive for vimentin and actin at the periphery of the ducts. The biological features of the present mammary tumor are thought to be generally compatible with those of mammary fibroadenoma reported in humans and dogs.
Animals↗
Tumors in domestic animals examined during a ten-year period (1980 to 1989) at Miyazaki University.
During the ten years from 1980 to 1989 inclusive, a total of 468 (16.1%) tumors were found in 2,907 pathological samples from domestic animals, collected from Southern Kyushu, around Miyazaki City. In this study, canine tumors were collected most commonly (340/468 cases, 73%). In small animals, the skin and mammary gland were associated particularly with tumorigenetic hazards. In cattle, high incidence of leukemia and mesothelioma was found. These tendencies were almost the same as those we reported for the preceding ten-year period, although the number of cases of tumor was higher in this study.
Animals↗