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Biomedical subjects

H Oshima

Publications and source records attributed to H Oshima.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Effect of anticancer agents on rat prostate. Evaluation of organ weight, histological finding and 5 alpha-reductase activities].

To evaluate the effect of anticancer chemotherapeutic antigens on rat prostate, ten kinds of anticancer agents corresponding to the dose generally used for humans were intraperitoneally injected to 63-day-old Wistar rats. The anticancer agents were administered as follows: Cyclophosphamide (CPM) was used at the dose of 8 mg/kg for 7 days. Methotrexate (MTX), actinomycin-D (ACD) and cis-platinum (CDDP), 163 micrograms/kg, 8 micrograms/kg and 833 micrograms/kg for 5 days, respectively. Nitrogen mustard (NM), bleomycin (BLM), peplomycin (PLM), adriamycin (ADM), vincristine (VCR), and vinblastine (VBL), 500 micrograms/kg, 250 micrograms/kg, 170 micrograms/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 33 micrograms/kg and 83 micrograms/kg, twice in a week, respectively. The rats were killed on the fifth day after completion of the schedule. Then, the weight of the body, the prostate, the epididymis and the adrenal gland were measured. In addition, 5 alpha-reductase activities and histological findings in the prostate were examined. For determination of 5 alpha-reductase activities, cell-free homogenate obtained from the rat ventral prostate was incubated with C14-testosterone at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 95% of O2 and 5% of CO2. Subsequently, the metabolites from testosterone were separated and purified with thin layer chromatography using the solvent system with benzene acetone, 4:1 (v/v). 5 alpha-Reductase activity was determined with the sum of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstanediol converted from testosterone and indicated as pmol product/mg protein. The 5 alpha-reductase activity was employed as a biological marker for the degree of androgenic dependency in the prostate. The results were summarized as follows. CDDP significantly reduced the weight of the body (p less than 0.001, n = 7), but not the activity of 5 alpha-reductase. NM and VBL had a specific action to reduce the weight of the prostate (p less than 0.01, n = 8) without causing loss of body weight. NM and VBL showed no influence on 5 alpha-reductase activities. The activity of 5 alpha-reductase was markedly damaged by BLM (p less than 0.05, n = 6) and PLM (p less than 0.05, n = 5). However no significant reduction was recognized in the weight of the body and the prostate. CPM, MTX, ACD, ADM and VCR were ineffectual on the body and the prostate weight and 5 alpha-reductase activities. In the histological examination, atrophy and degeneration of the glandular epithelium were revealed in the prostate treated with NM, VBL and CDDP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Histopathological findings of clinically diagnosed migratory testis].

Clinically diagnosed migratory testis in patients 3-years old and over were histopathologically evaluated. Before the pubertal age, seminiferous tubules were histologically within normal, partially immature, but after the pubertal age they were degenerative as cryptorchid. It was pointed out that degenerative changes could occur in seminiferous tubules if orchiopexy is not performed before the prepubertal stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with complete remission achieved by interferon therapy].

A case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in which complete remission was achieved using Interferon therapy is reported. A 67-year-old male was found to have extensive paraaortic lymph node metastasis while undergoing left nephrectomy following diagnosis of 1-renal cancer. Pathological diagnosis of the node was metastasis of clear cell type renal cell carcinoma. Interferon (Hu IFN-alpha 2: Sch 30500; Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co.) therapy was started 34 days after surgery. The Interferon was administered i.m. at a dose of 1 X 10(6) units per injection, 3 times a week, and was continued up to a total dose of 236 X 10(6) units. Response of the metastatic lymph nodes was examined using CT scan. Marked response was observed 4 weeks after starting the Interferon therapy, and complete disappearance of the tumors was obtained 5 months after Commencement of therapy. The duration of complete response has lasted 4 months. The toxic manifestations of the Interferon therapy were fever and loss of appetite.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Studies of the human testis. XIX. Preparation of an antibody to human testosterone-oestradiol-binding globulin and its application to the study of testicular androgen-binding protein.

Human testosterone-oestradiol-binding globulin (hTeBG) was purified from pregnancy serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation, preparative flatbed electrofocusing, Concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The yield was 0.3 mg of hTeBG with a specific acitivity of 1.1 nmoles DHT bound per mg. An antiserum to TeBG was raised in rabbits. Anti-hTeBG IgG was separated from rabbit TeBG by DEAE-Affi-Gel-Blue chromatography. Anti-hTeBG was titrated using protein A-Sepharose which quantitatively binds IgG and therefore bound [3H]DHT-hTeBG-anti-TeBG complexes. The androgen binding components from human testis were separated on Concanavalin A-Sepharose columns into excluded and retained fractions. The antibody bound both testis fractions with titration curves which paralleled that of TeBG, indicating that these androphilic proteins share common immunodeterminants with hTe-BG. The possibility that these testicular proteins are identical in amino acid sequence to TeBG and differ only in carbohydrate content will require further verification. Finally, these results indicate that antibodies to TeBG can be used to study human testicular androgen-binding protein.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1985

[46, XX true hermaphroditism: a case report with a review of 37 cases reported in Japan].

The patient was a 17-year-old male who had undergone chordectomy at the age of 5 years. The patient visited us with the chief complaint of ectopic urethral opening and breast growth at the end of May, 1980. Urethrography revealed a well developed vagina and a unicordial uterine. The upper portion of bilateral gonads were cystic and nodular by palpation. Sex chromatin examination using buccal smear revealed X chromatin positive and Y chromatin negative. Chromosomal constitution was 46, XX karyotype and H-Y antigen was positive. Since the patient hoped to remain as male, he received gonadectomy, hysterectomy and implantation of thesis prosthesis into his scrotum. Histopathologically, bilateral gonads were ovotestes and neither vas nor fallopian tube was present. Postoperatively, he received supplement therapy with testosterone with successful results concerning his secondary sexual characters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Steroidogenesis in the monkey testis: relationship of enzyme organization to endogenous steroids, steroidogenesis and gonadotropin treatment.

To explore testicular factors which determine steroidogenesis, circulating and intratesticular steroid levels were measured and in vitro steroidogenesis in testicular mines and microsomes was investigated using adult rhesus monkeys before and after treatment with pharmacological doses of hCG or hCG together with hMG. After gonadotropin treatment serum and intratesticular levels of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as well as end product testosterone were markedly elevated. Dynamic studies revealed that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone produced from pregnenolone was partly metabolized to C19-steroids but almost no 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone produced from progesterone was utilized by C17-20 lyase. Androstenedione levels increased in serum after both treatments and were elevated in testis tissue after hCG treatment. Androstenedione accumulated in vitro during incubation of untreated and hCG-treated testes with [3H]pregnenolone and [14C]progesterone. The major portion of the accumulated androstenedione was produced from pregnenolone through dehydroepiandrosterone rather than through 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, indicating differential availability of androstenedione to 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase according to its origin. The 3H/14C ratio in product androstenedione was much greater than the ration in product testosterone in both untreated and hCG-treated testis; in testes of animals treated with hCG together with hMG, the ratios in both products were closely linked. Among the enzymes examined, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17-20 lyase activities for 5-ene-C21-steroids were increased and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity were decreased by gonadotropin treatment. Our findings confirm the phenomenon of unequal substrate availability to enzymes depending upon the provenance of the substrate and demonstrate that gonadotropin(s) change substrate availability as do direct changes in enzyme activities. The unequal substrate availability validates the assumption, previously proposed by others, that microsome enzymes have an organized arrangement as enzyme complexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Application of radiofrequency hyperthermia for treating advanced urinary bladder cancer--a case report].

A patient with advanced urinary bladder cancer treated with a combination of radiation and hyperthermia, using short-wave radiofrequency (RF) and intravesical irrigation with warm water is reported. The tumor temperature was successfully maintained at 43 degrees to 44.6 degrees by external application of 13.56 MHZ RF when the bladder was irrigated with heated saline (intravesical temperature: 43 degrees) Hyperthermia was performed for 30 min immediately after each course of external bladder irradiation (Linac: 400 rad, twice a week; total 5 weeks exposure of 4000 rad). The tumor disappeared completely (CR) after the completion of the combination therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of possible receptor of colony-promoting activity (CPA) by comparison with that of colony-stimulating factor (CSF).

Supernatants of long-term mouse bone marrow cell cultures contain colony-promoting activity (CPA). CPA itself does not stimulate colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) when added to a semisolid agar culture of bone marrow cells, but augments colony formation in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF). The CPA-responsive cells are postulated to be pre-GM-CFC, a cell compartment younger than GM-CFC. In absorption experiments, CSF-coated bone marrow cells failed to absorb CPA, whereas normal bone marrow cells absorbed the activity. Cholera toxin (CT) is known to inhibit GM-CFC colony formation of bone marrow cells, probably by binding to GM-CFC-receptors [8, 9]. In the present studies, preincubation of the cells with CPA, before exposure to CT, reduced the suppressive effect of CT on GM-CFC colony formation. CT also inhibited pre-GM-CFC colony formation. Such suppressive effects, however, were reduced by preincubation of the cells not only with CPA but also with CSF. These results suggest that CSF and CPA might share the same receptors. It may also suggest that CT does not bind to specific sites. A difference in the susceptibility of GM-CFC and pre-GM-CFC to suppression by CT was also observed. Incubation of the cells with a low concentration of CT resulted in the substantial decrease of the number of GM-CFC, whereas the number of pre-GM-CFC remained high. Therefore, it seems that CPA shares some but not all of the CSF receptors.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

[Intravesical instillation therapy of aclacinomycin-A (ACM) for superficial bladder tumor].

Thirty-nine patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent intravesical instillation therapy of Aclacinomycin-A (ACM). Antitumor effect of ACM was evaluated in 19 patients and objective responses (CR + PR) of tumor were observed in 84.2% of these patients. Prophylactic instillation therapy of ACM was carried out on 20 patients and the results were compared with those obtained for 10 control patients who had first episode of bladder tumor and received no instillation therapy. No significant difference in the recurrent rate was observed between these two groups. The major side effect for instillation therapy with ACM was bladder irritation which appeared in 38.5% of all the patients.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1983

Studies of the human testis. XVIII. Simultaneous measurement of nine intratesticular steroids: evidence for reduced mitochondrial function in testis of elderly men.

To determine the basis for the decline in testosterone production by the aged testis, intratesticular unconjugated steroids, including testosterone, pregnenolone (3 beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one), 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (3 beta,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one), dehydroepiandrosterone (3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one), androstenediol (5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol), progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione (4-androstene-3,17-dione), and 17 beta-estradiol, were measured by simultaneous RIAs in 32 previously untreated elderly men (aged 61-85 yr) undergoing orchiectomy as therapy for prostatic carcinoma and 20 young men (aged 25-35 yr) with oligospermia and varicocele. In vitro steroidogenesis using labeled pregnenolone as substrate was also investigated. Serum and intratesticular testosterone levels were lower (P less than 0.05) in aged patients [3.3 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and 0.86 +/- 0.53 microgram/g tissue (mean +/- SD)] than in young men (6.4 +/- 1.9 ng/ml and 1.7 +/- 1.1 microgram/g tissue), while circulating LH levels were higher (P less than 0.05) in elderly men (151 +/- 105 ng/ml) than in the young men (79 +/- 33 ng/ml), indicating that a primary pathological process affects the senescent testis, producing a decline in testosterone production. Study of bioconversion of [3H]pregnenolone to delta 4 steroids, 17 alpha-hydroxysteroids, and C19 steroids as well as analysis of the relative amounts of intratesticular steroids, as determined by RIA, revealed no apparent differences in the process of microsomal steroidogenesis in elderly compared to that in young men. The sum of the nine measured intratesticular steroid concentrations per g tissue wt was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in aged patients (1.94 +/- 0.93 microgram/g tissue), than in young patients (3.68 +/- 1.90 micrograms/g tissue). The sum of the nine intratesticular steroids measured was positively correlated (P less than 0.01) with circulating LH levels in both patient groups, and the slope of this regression line was 14-fold greater for young men than for elderly men. Since the total concentration of the nine measured steroids reflects the pregnenolone supplied by the mitochondria within Leydig cells, it appears that the decline in Leydig cell function in aged men is attributable to a reduced supply of mitochondrial steroid precursors rather than to an impairment in microsomal steroidogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Histochemical location of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the adult and infantile human testis.

17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the human testis was investigated histochemically using tissues obtained from seven patients with undescended testis or varicocele at the time of orchiopexy or high ligation of spermatic vein. Formazan precipitates were formed from nitro-blue tetrazolium in the tissue utilizing hydrogen released by oxidation of testosterone, which is catalyzed by the reductase function of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. The precipitates were formed specifically in the presence of 17 beta-hydroxy-C19-steroids under the conditions employed in the present study. In infantile testes, the precipitates were formed in cytoplasm of immature Sertoli cells, while in pubertal or adult testes, marked formazan precipitates were found in cytoplasm of both Sertoli and Leydig cells. The results indicate the presence of two distinct 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases in the human testis; one in Sertoli cells and detectable independent of age and the other only in functional Leydig cells.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗