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Biomedical subjects

H Ono

Publications and source records attributed to H Ono.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sperabillins, new antibacterial antibiotics with potent in vivo activity. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity.

A Gram-negative bacterium was found to produce new antibacterial antibiotics, sperabillins A, B, C and D, and the producing bacterium was characterized and identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens YK-437. Sperabillins were isolated by column chromatographies using cation-exchange resins, activated carbon and cation-exchange Sephadex, and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Sperabillins showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Sperabillin A inhibited DNA, RNA, protein, and cell wall biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Sperabillins showed good protective effects in experimentally infected mice.

Amidines↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of elastase on aminonucleoside nephrosis--on renal vascular system].

This study was performed to investigated the relationship between cross sectional areas of glomerular arterioles and glomerular volume in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis, which is an experimental model of glomerular sclerosis. We also evaluated the effect of an anti-arteriosclerotic agent, elastase on these parameters. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; control, PAN-treated (70 mg/kg i.p.), or PAN+elastase-treated (5 mg/kg/day i. m.) group. After 12 weeks of experimental period, microvascular cast of the kidney was prepared, and the cross sectional areas of afferent and efferent arterioles as well as glomerular volume were measured using scanning electron microscopy. In the juxtamedullary glomeruli with minor abnormalities, the efferent arteriole was narrower in PAN-treated rats than in the control rats and the elastase-treatment partially corrected it (control 55.7, PAN 35.9, PAN+elastase 43.7 x 10 microns 2). On the other hand, the cross sectional area of afferent arteriole was not different among the 3 groups. In glomeruli showing sclerosis, the cross sectional area of efferent arteriole correlated positively with the glomerular volume. There results suggest that constriction of the efferent arterioles contributes to the development of glomerular sclerosis in PAN-induced nephrosis. In addition, elastase possibly inhibits this process and thereby protect glomeruli from sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of acute renal failure in a patient with idiopathic hypouricemia].

This report is a 17-year-old man with an acute renal failure who complained of nausea, vomiting, bilateral loin pain and abdominal pain after scuffle. Renal biopsy specimen obtained from the left kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis. After recovering renal function he showed extreme hypouricemia (serum uric acid, 0.6 mg/dl) and elevated uric acid clearance (62-78 ml/min). The fractional excretion of uric acid (CUA/Ccr) could not be influenced by either oral pyrazinamide or probenecid. As no other renal tubular or metabolic abnormalities were detected, it is suggested that presecretory reabsorption defect or subtotal defect in uric acid transportation was responsible for the hypouricemia in this patient.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

A study on a method to identify the border between mandibular corpus and ramus on lateral cephalometric radiograph.

The mandible has two major parts, the corpus and the ramus. These two parts must be considered separately because each has its own functional counterpart with the maxilla and the posterior cranial base. Since the mandible is a single bone, the border of the corpus and the ramus can not be visualized on the conventional two-dimensional lateral cephalometric radiograph. The purpose of this study is to propose a reliable method to distinguish the border between the mandibular corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. In this study, 64 dried skulls in different developmental stages were examined. Metallic markers were placed at the diverging point (point T) on both sides of the dried skulls. From the occlusal view of the mandible, point T was considered to be the lingual border of the corpus and the ramus. Then, the lateral cephalometric radiographs of the dried skulls were taken. On each lateral cephalometric radiograph, a vertical line L was drawn from point Ra (the intersection of the occlusal plane and the anterior border of the ramus) to the mandibular plane. Thus, the distance from the midpoint of point T on each side to the vertical line L was measured. As a result, over 80% of the midpoints T were found on the vertical line L. Therefore, the vertical line L from point Ra to the mandibular plane can be considered to play the role of a reasonable reference line for distinguishing between the corpus and the ramus on the lateral cephalometric radiograph.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Emergent embolization for control of massive hemorrhage from a splanchnic artery with a new coaxial catheter system.

Emergent superselective embolization with a 3.0 F (1 mm) coaxial catheter and a steerable guidewire was performed in 27 patients with massive hemorrhage from a small-caliber splanchnic artery. Eight patients had intraperitoneal hemorrhage, 3 had hemobilia, 9 had gastric hemorrhage, and 7 had intestinal hemorrhage. Out of 27 patients, 7 had hemorrhage from a splanchnic artery pseudoaneurysm. Complete cessation of bleeding was obtained in all patients initially, but in 3 patients gastric hemorrhage recurred later. Otherwise, there was no rebleeding nor any major complication such as marked infarction of tissue or misplacement of embolic materials. This coaxial catheter system was highly reliable for achieving superselective catheterization in small-caliber arteries, minimizing the volume of infarcted tissue and allowing maximal preservation of splanchnic organic function. We conclude that this system represents a major advance in interventional radiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Amphetamine-antagonistic properties of 4-phenyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline: inhibition of spinal reflex-enhancing effects of methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine.

The antagonistic effects of 4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PTIQ) against S(+)-methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine were studied by measurement of spinal monosynaptic reflex potential (MSR). S(+)-Methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine enhanced the amplitude of MSR in C1-spinalized rats through release of noradrenaline from the terminals of descending fibers and consequent activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Although 4PTIQ alone did not change the amplitude of the MSR, 4PTIQ inhibited the enhancement of MSR induced by S(+)-methamphetamine and related compounds. The MSR of rats with an intact spinal cord was enhanced by conditioning stimulation of the ipsilateral locus ceruleus. The MSR enhancement produced by the stimulation was blocked by prazosin but unaffected by 4PTIQ, showing that 4PTIQ does not have an alpha 1-blocking action. These results suggest that the antagonistic effects of 4PTIQ on MSR enhancement by S(+)-methamphetamine, phenylethylamine and nomifensine are due to its blocking of noradrenaline release produced by these amphetamine-like agents.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1991

5-HT receptor-mediated regulation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone release in rat spinal cord.

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 microM) increased the veratridine-evoked release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from spinal cord slices. This effect of 5-HT was reduced by pre-exposure of the tissue to 10 microM ketanserin and methysergide, which both have 5-HT2 antagonistic activity. A 5-HT1 agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (10 microM), reduced the release of TRH. These results imply that 5-HT released from the terminals of descending fibers modulates the release of TRH, a cotransmitter contained in 5-HT fibers.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1991

Purification of 52 kDa protein: a putative component of the import machinery for the mitochondrial protein-precursor in rat liver.

A protein having a molecular mass of 52 kDa was purified to homogeneity from solubilized mitochondrial membrane proteins by affinity column chromatography using the synthetic presequence of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) as the ligand. This 52 kDa protein was specifically bound to the affinity column and eluted with 1 mM OAT-presequence, indicating that it recognized the presequence and bound to it specifically. Anti-52 kDa protein Fab fragments specifically inhibited the import of OAT-precursor into mitochondria, showing that the 52 kDa protein plays an essential role in this process. These results suggest that 52 kDa protein is a component of the import machinery of the mitochondrial protein-precursor in the mitochondrial membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Functional supersensitivity of alpha 1-adrenergic system in spinal ventral horn is due to absence of an uptake system and not to postsynaptic change.

The excitatory effects of adrenoceptor agonists on ventral horn cells were compared using an extracellular recording technique in spinal cord slices isolated from non-treated and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rats (intracisternally 14 days previously). In spinal cord slices isolated from 6-OHDA-treated rats, the concentration-response curves for the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated facilitatory effects produced by noradrenaline and phenylephrine but not those produced by methoxamine and isoproterenol were shifted to the left. 6-OHDA pretreatment decreased the level and uptake of noradrenaline and increased the number of [3H]prazosin binding sites in the spinal cord. These results suggest that in 6-OHDA-induced denervation, functional supersensitivity of the alpha 1-adrenergic system in the spinal ventral horn is due to absence of an uptake system, and not to postsynaptic change.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antiinflammatory properties of E5090, a novel orally active inhibitor of IL-1 generation.

E5090 is a novel orally active inhibitor of IL-1 generation without cyclooxygenase-inhibiting activity. The effects of E5090 on several inflammatory animal models were investigated in rats. In adjuvant arthritis, E5090 suppressed both the paw swelling and the enhancements of ESR and number of peripheral blood leucocytes, like the steroidal antiinflammatory drug prednisolone. However, the thymus was not withered by E5090 though it was by prednisolone. In type II collagen-induced arthritis, E5090 inhibited paw swelling and joint destruction. E5090 was effective in acute inflammatory models such as carrageenin-induced paw edema, and adjuvant-induced local hyperthermia, and also showed analgesic effects against inflammatory pain and antipyretic effects. The results suggest that this orally active inhibitor of IL-1 generation, E5090, may be a therapeutically useful antiinflammatory drug with a novel mechanism of action.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1991

Angiographic management of massive hemobilia due to iatrogenic trauma.

Ten patients with massive hemobilia in shock or preshock status were treated with angiography. The hemobilia had been induced by iatrogenic trauma: biliary drainage in seven patients, and surgery, liver biopsy, and angiography in one patient each. Angiography was performed on all patients. Embolization was performed in nine, and in the one remaining patient, spasm of the right anterior hepatic artery and catheter manipulation injured the intima and obliterated the artery. In seven patients with hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm, gelfoam particles were injected in five, however, extravasation could not be prevented in four of these patients. Permanent embolic materials were added and complete hemostatis was obtained. Hemobilia never recurred in any patient. Emergency embolization should be considered as the initial treatment of choice for hemobilia and when pseudoaneurysms are discovered, they should be obliterated by permanent embolic materials. Moreover, tumor thrombus in the portal vein is not a contraindication for this procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effect of photosensitive dye platonin on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Two children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were given photosensitive dye Platonin in combination with prednisolone. Analysis of clinical and laboratory data showed that Platonin was efficacious in the improvement of the clinical symptoms and the severity of inflammation, or in the maintenance of the remission state. There were no adverse side effects during long-term administration of medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Inhibitory effects of clonidine and tizanidine on release of substance P from slices of rat spinal cord and antagonism by alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists.

Effects of clonidine and tizanidine, which have antinociceptive and alpha 2-agonistic actions, were studied on the release of substance P from slices of spinal cord from the rat. Veratridine-evoked depolarization induced a 2-3-fold increase in the release of substance P from the slices of spinal cord. Exposure of the cord tissue to 10 microM clonidine and tizanidine significantly reduced the release of substance P. The inhibitory effects of clonidine and tizanidine were attenuated by pre-exposure of the tissue to 10 microM piperoxane, which has alpha 2-antagonistic activity and the inhibitory effect of clonidine was attenuated by 10 microM yohimbine. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of clonidine and tizanidine were also blocked by a small dose of prazosin, an antagonist for alpha 1- and alpha 2B-receptors. None of the antagonists had any effect on release of substance P, when given alone. These results suggest that alpha 2B-adrenoceptors are involved in the inhibitory effects of clonidine and tizanidine on the release of substance P.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1991

Induced rotary motion and ocular torsion.

When a large patterned annulus rotates around a stationary sectored disc the latter appears to rotate in the opposite direction. Such induced rotary motion was examined with central discs subtending 5, 20 and 40 deg at the eye, with the surround filling the remainder of the visual field. The annular surround or the central disc could be oscillated sinusoidally around the fixation point through 20 deg at 0.2 Hz. In each case, subjects estimated the angles through which the moving and stationary parts of the display appeared to rotate on one half-cycle. Subjects also estimated the angle of rotation of an oscillating display that filled the visual field. Induced rotation of the centre was around 100% of the inducing amplitude for all disc sizes, but there was no induced motion of the surround when the centre rotated. Ocular torsion was measured under the same conditions, using the scleral search-coil technique. The amplitude of ocular torsion was a function of the size of the stationary or rotating field. Thus, variations in stimulus conditions affected induced rotary motion and ocular torsion in different ways. The implications of the results for theories of induced motion in terms of underregistered eye movements are discussed.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1991

Effects of media and the presence of bovine oviduct epithelial cells during in vitro fertilization on fertilizability and developmental capacity of bovine oocytes.

The effect of the presence of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC; Experiment 1) as well as the effects of media (Tyrode fertilization medium: TFM vs synthetic oviduct fluid: SOF), fertilization containers (drops in petri dish vs 96-wells), and the number of oocytes per drop and well (5 vs 10) for in vitro fertilization (Experiment 2) on the fertilizability and in vitro development of bovine oocytes were investigated. Immature oocytes with cumulus cells were cultured in TCM199 supplemented with 10% ECS and 2.5x10(6) granulosa cells for 24 hours at 39 degrees C under 5% CO(2) in air. In vitro fertilization was performed with frozen-thawed, heparin-treated spermatozoa (100 mug/ml, 15 minutes) and with BOEC (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, in vitro fertilization was performed with two different media (TFM and SOF) and various conditions (culture dish and different number of oocytes). Cleavage, development to the blastocyst stage were evaluated on Day 2 and Day 7 after the start of culture. Effect of the presence of BOEC on fertilizability and developmental capacity (Experiment 1) was not significantly different. In Experiment 2, alterations in media, containers and number of oocytes during in vitro fertilization had no affect. The SOF medium showed results similar to those of TFM (normal fertilization rate: 63.2 vs 64%; cleavage: 69.3 vs 73.9%; development to the blastocyst stage: 14 vs 15%; and mean number of nuclei per blastocyst: 80.5 vs 86.6). The results indicate that the presence of BOEC during in vitro fertilization did not improve fertilizability, and that SOF as well as TFM medium can be utilized as a simple fertilization medium.

Journal Article↗