Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohno.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of muscarinic antagonists on experimental nasal secretion in guinea pigs.

The effects of muscarinic antagonists on acetylcholine (ACh)- and histamine-induced nasal secretion were investigated in guinea pigs. Inhalations of flutropium (0.01 to 0.3%) and atropine (0.03 to 0.3%) into the nasal cavities dose-dependently inhibited the nasal secretion induced by ACh. The inhibitory action of flutropium was slightly stronger than that of atropine. Inhalations of pirenzepine (0.3%) and gallamine (0.3%) had no effect on the ACh-induced nasal secretion. However, 4-DAMP dose-dependently inhibited the nasal secretion induced by ACh. Inhalations of flutropium (0.3%) and diphenhydramine (0.3%) showed a similar inhibitory action on the histamine-induced nasal secretion. These results suggest that 1) inhalation into the nasal cavities of flutropium was effective in experimental model of ACh- and histamine-induced nasal secretion, 2) M3-cholinergic receptors may be dominant in the nasal secretion induced by ACh and 3) the experimental model of drug-induced nasal secretion in guinea pigs used in the present study can be employed to develop therapeutic drugs for nasal secretion.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Rapidly progressive periodontitis combined with plasma cell gingivitis: a case report].

A case of rapidly progressive periodontitis combined with plasma cell gingivitis with marked enlargement of the gingiva was presented. Clinically, in the plasma cell gingivitis, the gingiva appear red, friable and bleed easily; usually it does not induce loss of attachment. Histologically, a dense infiltration of the normal plasma cells in the connective tissue is a common finding. A hypersensitivity reaction to some antigens, often flavorings or spices, is generally recognized. In this case, a rapidly progressive loss of attachment was observed, so rapidly progressive periodontitis was diagnosed. Differential diagnosis of the plasma cell gingivitis could be determined by histological and ultrastructural examination. Allergens, however, could not be identified. Conventional periodontal therapy, including intensive plaque control, could not cure the plasma cell gingivitis completely but recurrence of gingival enlargement and loss of attachment could be well controlled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Isolation of a novel candidate proto-oncogene involved in human lymphoid neoplasm].

The 14;19 translocation [t(14;19) (q32;q13)] is a recurring chromosomal translocation observed in leukemic cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia showing prolymphocytic transformation. We have cloned the breakpoint junction of the translocation and identified a new gene, bcl-3, on the chromosome band 19q13 adjacent to the breakpoint. The translocation occurred at the switch region of the alpha constant locus of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and the upper stream of the bcl-3 gene, resulting in a head-to-head recombination between the two genes on the 14q+ chromosome. The bcl-3 gene was highly expressed in the leukemic cells carrying the 14;19 translocation. The bcl-3 gene product contained repeat structures found in proteins involved in cell cycle control and cell lineage determination. These results suggest that the bcl-3 is a proto-oncogene that may contribute to the development of leukemias carrying the 14;19 translocation.

B-Cell Lymphoma 3 Protein↗
PubMed1991

Two year longitudinal study of the fluctuation of clinical signs of TMJ dysfunction in Japanese adolescents.

Signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome were monitored longitudinally from the age of 12 to 14 years in 160 junior high students and 15 to 17 years in 480 senior high school students. Thirty-one percent of the junior high school students and 39.6% of the senior high school students presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome at least once during the examination period. The percentage of subjects presenting continuously with one or multiple signs at all examinations was 8.9% among junior high school students and 12.9% among senior high school students. The predominant sign in the subjects, who continuously presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome was TMJ sounds. The number of subjects presenting with TMJ clinical signs for the first time at the third examination (third year student) was high compared to the other examinations. When intra-individual longitudinal results were examined in subjects, who at least once during the examination period presented with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome was found to be high (75.0% among junior high school students and 86.5% among senior high school students). In the subjects presenting with one or multiple signs of TMJ dysfunction syndrome continuously over the two year period, the percentage of subjects, who at least once presented with multiple signs was 90.9% among junior high school students and 22.0% among senior high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Serum manganese-superoxide dismutase in patients with neuromuscular disorders as judged by an ELISA.

Manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) concentration was measured in sera from 37 healthy controls and 101 patients with 11 forms of neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and polymyositis (PMS) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the use of a monoclonal antibody against human liver Mn-SOD. Serum from patients with DMD had a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentration of Mn-SOD than control serum. On the other hand, the concentration of Mn-SOD was markedly higher in the serum of patients with untreated form of acute PMS. The enzyme appeared to provide a good index for monitoring of responses to treatment of acute PMS. Of other neuromuscular diseases Mn-SOD concentration decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Kennedy-Alter-Sung syndrome but increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in human T-cell lymphotrophic viruses-I-associated myelopathy. This enzyme profile seems to be specific to each neuromuscular disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Amplified and rearranged bcl-2 gene in two lymphoma cell lines, FL-218 and FL-318, carrying a 14;18 translocation.

Two human B-cell lines carrying a 14;18 chromosome translocation [t(14;18)(q32;q21)], designated FL-218 and FL-318, were established from effusion cells of two Japanese patients manifesting the transformed histology of follicular lymphoma. The FL-218 and FL-318 cell lines were composed of cells in the hyperdiploid range, which had two and three or four 18q- chromosomes, respectively. These 18q- chromosomes were not distinguishable from an 18q- chromosome derived from t(14;18) since they exhibited the same banding pattern. Southern blot analysis revealed that in both cell lines, breakage of the bcl-2 gene occurred within the major breakpoint cluster region and the truncated gene juxtaposed to an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus. The autoradiographic intensity of the retained fragment each on 18q- chromosome was more enhanced than that of the translocated fragment on 14q+ chromosome. These findings suggest that the extra 18q- chromosome found in t(14;18)-positive cancer does not arise from de novo independent t(14;18) but from duplication of a preexisting 18q- chromosome.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 is related to genes implicated in cell lineage determination and cell cycle control.

A gene, bcl-3, is found on chromosome 19 adjacent to the breakpoints in the translocation t(14;19)(q32;q13.1), which occurs in some cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sequence analysis of the human bcl-3 gene predicts a protein containing seven tandem copies of the SWI6/cdc10 motif. This motif was previously identified in yeast genes that regulate events at the start of the cell cycle and in invertebrate transmembrane proteins involved in cell differentiation pathways. Expression of bcl-3 in normal blood cells increases markedly following mitogenic stimulation, and leukemic cells with the translocation show much greater expression than controls. These results suggest that bcl-3 is a proto-oncogene that may contribute to leukemogenesis when abnormally expressed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Effects of exercise stress and cold stress on glutathione and gamma-glutamyltransferase in rat liver.

Effects of acute and chronic stress (exercise and cold) on glutathione and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) in the rat liver were investigated. Such stress, except for in the case of acute exercise, had no definite influence on the glutathione level. On the other hand, gamma GT activity in both the extramicrosomal and microsomal fractions varied substantially, suggesting that acute exercise increases the release ability of the microsomal membrane of the rat liver, and that swimming training and long-term cold exposure stabilize the membrane. Immunoreactive gamma GT, however, did not always correlate with the enzyme activity, especially in the extramicrosomal fraction. Cross-adaptation appeared to exist between swimming training and chronic cold exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification of a transcriptional unit adjacent to the breakpoint in the 14;19 translocation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The t(14;19)(q32.3;q13.1) is a recurring translocation found in the neoplastic cells of some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We have previously cloned the translocation breakpoint junction present in the leukemic cells from one such patient. In the present study, we have cloned and sequenced the breakpoint junction from a second patient. The breakpoint on chromosome 14 occurs within a switch region upstream of the immunoglobulin heavy chain C alpha 1 sequence. We detected a 2.1-2.3 kb transcript on Northern blots using a probe from chromosome 19 adjacent to this breakpoint. S1 nuclease protection experiments showed that transcription of the gene proceeds in a direction away from the breakpoint junction. This gene (for which we propose the name BCL3) may contribute to the malignant development of B-lymphocytes following the chromosome translocation. If so, it is the first protooncogene identified whose activation is principally associated with CLL.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Electrophysiological determinations of the effects of 1 kHz noise exposure on the high-frequency hearing of guinea pigs.

The effects of noise were studied in 90 5-week-old albino Hartley guinea pigs with normal hearing. The following experimental setup was used: (1) exposure to 1 kHz tones at 100 dB for 4 h, 20 h and 40 h; (2) exposure to 1 kHz tones at 110 dB for 20 h and 40 h. In order to investigate the effects of the noise exposures on the hearing of the guinea pigs, cochlear microphonics (CM), whole nerve action potentials (AP) and endocochlear potentials (EP) were examined. We obtained the following results. With a high sound pressure, a decrease was observed in the CM maximum output voltage in the test frequencies from 2 kHz to 6 kHz while the CM threshold increased ("pseudo threshold"). Intensity function of the N1 potential of the AP using a 7 kHz tone burst decreased; the threshold of the N1 potential also increased considerably by exposure to chronic high sound pressure. An extension of latency and a decrease in the absolute value of the negative potential in EP were induced by chronic noise exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of enhancer domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene of human hepatitis B virus.

The X gene product of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) trans-activates the HBV enhancer. In order to identify domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene, we introduced a series of mutations into the HBV enhancer and assayed the enhancer activities in the presence of the X gene product. Our results suggest that the EP domain of the enhancer is essential for trans-activation by the X gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A murine thymocyte clone expressing gamma delta T cell receptor mediates natural killer-like cytolytic function and TH1-like lymphokine production.

The murine CD4- CD8- (double negative, DN) thymocyte cell line and clones expressing T cell receptor gamma delta chains in association with CD3 complex have been established and characterized. This line and a representative clone (DN7.12.11) which appear to derive from the minor population of CD3+ DN thymocytes can be stimulated to proliferate and to produce lymphokines by anti-CD3 or anti-Thy-1 antibodies or calcium ionophore plus phorbol ester. Autocrine proliferation is dependent on binding of interleukin (IL)2 to functional IL2 receptor. Upon stimulation, these cells produce IL2 and IFN-gamma but not IL4, resembling conventional CD4+ TH1 cells in this regard. The cloned line also mediates spontaneous cytolysis against a variety of tumor targets without regard for the presence of conventional major histocompatibility complex molecules on the target cell surface. Blocking and modulation experiments suggest that target recognition by the gamma delta/CD3 complex is not involved in the spontaneous lysis, resembling natural killer (NK) cells. The results suggest that gamma delta +DN T cells are able to have mature functions such as NK-like cytotoxicity and lymphokine secretion as peripheral gamma delta +T cells. They also provide a possible role of gamma delta + DN thymocytes in establishing a intrathymic environment for differentiation and selection of alpha beta-expressing T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Somatostatin is increased in the dorsal root ganglia of adjuvant-inflamed rat.

To determine whether biosynthesis of somatostatin is enhanced in the primary sensory neurons by inflammatory pain, we examined the effects of adjuvant inoculation on the content of immunoreactive somatostatin, mainly composed of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28, in the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord of the rat. The adjuvant inoculation, which produced long-lasting inflammation and hyperalgesia, increased the content of immunoreactive somatostatin, especially somatostatin-14, in the dorsal root ganglia at L4-L6 levels with no change in the dorsal and ventral horns of lumbar enlargement. Such an increase was enhanced by an intrathecal injection of colchicine (0.2 mg) that inhibits axonal flow of somatostatin. Chronic administration of the anti-inflammatory analgesic, sodium diclofenac (3 mg.kg-1.d-1), abolished an adjuvant-induced increase in the content of immunoreactive somatostatin in the dorsal root ganglia. These results suggest that the turnover (biosynthesis and axonal flow) of somatostatin in the primary sensory neurons is enhanced in the presence of persisting inflammatory pain, and support the idea that somatostatin-containing primary afferents are involved in the transmission of pain in the spinal dorsal horn.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Molecular analysis of a chromosomal translocation, t(9;14)(p13;q32), in a diffuse large-cell lymphoma cell line expressing the Ki-1 antigen.

We have studied a translocation, t(9;14)(p13;q32), in a diffuse large-cell lymphoma cell line, KIS-1, that expresses the Ki-1 (CD30) antigen. Molecular cloning of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGH) of this cell line revealed an unknown segment linked 5' to IGH. The breakpoint on chromosome 14 was 265 base pairs downstream from the 3' border of the JH6 joining gene segment. Class switch recombination deleted most of the constant genes of IGH (CH) and juxtaposed the C alpha 2 gene downstream of the translocation junction. Analysis of somatic cell hybrids and in situ chromosomal hybridization demonstrated that the translocated segment was normally located at band p13 of chromosome 9. The chromosome 9 sequences were transcriptionally active, giving rise to transcripts of approximately 11 kilobases. The KIS-1 cells seemed to have a small quantity of chimeric transcripts containing both chromosome 9 and C alpha 2 sequences.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1990

Increased levels of beta-human atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity in chronically overloaded atrial tissue.

The levels and molecular form of atrial natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity (ANP-LI) in human atrial tissue were investigated. The levels of right atrial ANP-LI were significantly higher in mitral disease than in other cardiac or noncardiac diseases. The increased ANP-LI was mainly accounted for by an increase in beta-human ANP-LI (beta-hANP-LI). Both total ANP-LI and beta-hANP-LI levels were associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation and with increased atrial pressure. Plasma beta-hANP-LI levels were also increased in mitral disease. These results suggest that human atrium with hemodynamic overloads is characterized by increased tissue levels of ANP and by a shift to the beta-hANP form.

Adult↗