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Biomedical subjects

H Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ohashi.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A smooth muscle excitatory material from the nerve of Remak of the chicken rectum.

The chicken rectum receives a powerful excitatory innervation of nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) nerves via the Remak nerve which is a ganglionated nerve trunk in the fowl vicera. To extract a smooth muscle excitatory material from the Remak nerve, tissue samples were boiled in 0.01 N HCl at 100 degrees C for 5-7 min, homogenized, and centrifuged. Aliquots of supernatant were defatted with petroleum ether and lyophilized. The lyophilized residue dissolved in water (ERN) was bioassayed for contracting activity on the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum and, if needed, the isolated whole chick rectum. Approximately half of the contacting activity of ERN was attributable to acetylcholine. The remainder was found to be mediated by neither histamine, serotonin, angiotensin II nor prostaglandins (E1, E2 and F2 alpha). The ERN activity was abolished by 2-3 min boiling in alkali and 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C with pepsin, but sustained after boiling in acid, indicating that the mediator of the contracting activity is probably a peptide. Active fractions were obtained with one peak after gel filtration with Sephadex G-50. They were pooled and applied to a Sephadex G-25 column. The Ve/Vo values for the active material ranged from 1.69 to 1.85, indicating that it has a molecular weight of 1000-1300 by comparison with Ve/Vo values for peptides of known molecular weights applied to the same column.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Stress ulcer accompanying subarachnoid hemorrhage--a new rat model.

New rat model of stress ulcer, related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was devised. A 0.2 ml of the arterial blood, obtained from another rat of the same litter, was injected into the cisterna magna and 4 days later, mild stress, consisting of restraint plus water-immersion for 3 hours to the injected rat, produced gastric ulcers. These lesions were far more marked than in usual rats undergoing the same stress (P less than 0.001). Using this "SAH-stress model", effects of various counteracting measures were examined. Based on the results, we concluded that SAH produced a hypersensitivity or an abnormal excitability of the autonomic nervous centers, and the relatively mild stress effectively weakened the gastric defensive factors and strengthened the gastric aggressive factors, thus resulting in ulcer formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The role of epinephrine in essential hypertension.

The effects of epinephrine (E) on plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations and cardiovascular responses before and after beta-blockade were studied in 36 patients with essential hypertension and 10 age-matched normal controls. The resting plasma NE and E were significantly higher in the borderline hypertensives (251 +/- 21 (SE) pg/ml, p less than 0.005; 57 +/- 5, p less than 0.05) than in normal controls (127 +/- 18; 38 +/- 7). An immediate rise in plasma E and NE was observed after one bolus intravenous administration of glucagon (1 mg). Then, plasma E fell rapidly to the baseline, whereas plasma NE declined much slowly. Propranolol did not affect the plasma E response to glucagon, but eliminated a prolonged rise of plasma NE. Exogenous E infusion (1.25-1.50 micrograms/min) for 30 min caused a definite rise in both plasma NE and blood pressures and lasted more than 30 min after termination of the infusion. Propranolol did not alter the time course of plasma E, but again inhibited a prolonged rise in both plasma NE and blood pressures. These findings support the view that plasma E can act physiologically as a sustained stimulator to the presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors, leading to an enhancement of NE release and a rise in blood pressure in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mortality and causes of death among Japanese diabetics in the Tokyo area: prospective follow-up study over four years.

To clarify the mortality and causes of death among Japanese diabetics, we started a prospective follow-up study of 1,629 diabetics who had been registered at our Diabetes Center in 1976. After registration, all patients were checked annually for four years and we confirmed that they were still alive by sending questionnaires or obtaining copies of their resident cards. After a four-year follow-up, only 3 had dropped out, 1,486 were alive and 140 had died. The follow-up rate therefore was 99.8%. We obtained copies of the death certificates of all the deceased. It was shown that risk factors increasing the mortality ratio (the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths) among Japanese diabetics were early onset of diabetes (0-29 years of age), treatment by insulin and the presence of diabetic retinopathy combined with proteinuria at registration. The most frequent cause of death among the 140 deceased cases was malignant neoplasm, the second ischemic heart disease and the third was cerebrovascular disease. Analysis of the underlying causes of death showed a significant increase in the death rate due to diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease among Japanese diabetics compared with the general population matched for sex and age.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1983

[A study on postoperative long-term continuous immuno-chemotherapy with PSK and 5-FUDS for advanced gastric and colo-rectal cancers].

Since 1976, postoperative long term immunochemotherapy (PLIC) with PSK and 5-FU Dry Syrup (5-FUDS) was performed after tumor resection in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Successful continuation over one year of the therapy was done in 40 cases at stages III and IV (+V) in the period between January 1976 and April 1979. These cases were analyzed and following results were obtained. Two-and 3-year survival rates were 80% and 65% respectively when the total cases of one year survival was taken as 100%. However, there were recurrent or tumor-bearing patients being treated by PLIC and, if they had died within the respective years, 2-and 3-year survival rates would have been reduced to 67.5% and 32.5%, respectively. These survival rates were roughly similar as those of historical control group, in which no immuno-chemotherapy was done. Characteristic features of non-specific immunological parameters seen in the recurrent or tumor-bearing cases of relatively good clinical course were improvement in T cell percentage, reduction or stop of in IgG-FcR (+) T cell percentage and maintenance of a good nutritional condition.

Aged↗