An organic solvent-tolerant bacterium and its organic solvent-stable protease.
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Endopeptidases↗
Biomedical subjects
H Ogino
Publications and source records attributed to H Ogino.
A panel of radiation hybrids defining the 7q31-q32 region of human chromosome 7.
Mouse A9 cells containing human chromosome 7 tagged with pSV2neo were irradiated with X-rays and fused to A9 cells to isolate G418-resistant clones. From these clones, we selected radiation hybrids that contained 10-40 Mb of human DNA apparently at a single site of their genome by FISH analysis using human repetitive sequences as a probe. Then we made a panel of hybrids that contained various fragments of the 7q31-q32 region and cover its entire region altogether by PCR with STS markers of human chromosome 7. This panel is useful in chromosome transfer experiments since the dominant selective marker neo gene is attached to human DNA.
Animals↗
Developmental regulation of the chicken beta B1-crystallin promoter in transgenic mice.
The cis-elements responsible for the high-level, lens-specific expression of the chicken beta B1-crystallin gene were investigated by generating mice harboring beta B1-crystallin promoter/chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) transgenes. Deletion of promoter sequences -434/-153 and -152/-127 as well as site-directed mutagenesis of the PL1 (-116/-102) and Pl2 (-90/-76) elements significantly decreased CAT gene expression in the lenses of adult transgenic mice. Transfection studies using multimerized PL1 and PL2 elements fused to the chicken beta-actin basal promoter indicated that PL1 is a general activating element while PL2 is involved in the lens-specificity of the chicken beta B1-crystallin promoter. CAT histochemistry demonstrated that the chicken beta B1-crystallin promoter (-434/+30) was active in both primary and secondary lens fiber cells from 12.5 days post coitum (dpc) until adulthood. Activity of the -152/+30/CAT transgene was relatively low and confined to the primary lens fiber cells of 16.5 dpc mice. Together, these data suggest that the reduced activity of this promoter in the adult lens is due both to this developmentally restricted expression pattern and a reduction in promoter activity. RNA hybridization studies demonstrated that the chicken beta B1-crystallin/CAT (-434/+30) transgene was expressed at similar levels in the same cells as the endogenous mouse beta B1-crystallin gene in 16.5 dpc transgenic mouse embryos. These data show a strict conservation of the lens-specific spatial and temporal regulation of the chicken and mouse beta B1-crystallin genes.
Age Factors↗
Demonstration of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antigen by immunoperoxidase method in tissues of aborted bovine fetuses preserved for 25 years in paraffin blocks.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antigen was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method in tissues of two aborted bovine fetuses, which had been stored for 25 years after fixing in formalin and embedding in paraffin. Necrotic foci were detected in the liver, kidney, adrenal gland, and thymus of the fetuses. Coincidenting with the distribution of the necrotic foci, IBR virus antigen was demonstrated by immunostaining. The present study proved the immunoperoxidase method in one of useful techniques to demonstrate IBR virus antigen in tissue sections from preserved paraffin blocks.
Abortion, Veterinary↗
Pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with Chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
Nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. The characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. Moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. Immunohistologically, a small number of C. psittaci antigens was demonstrated in necrotic foci of the liver and correlated with distribution of elementary bodies. Moderate numbers of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus antigens were also detected in degenerating and necrotizing parenchymal cells in various organs and correlated with distribution of intranuclear inclusion bodies. Thus, these aborted bovine fetuses and newborn calf were interpreted as being dually infected with C. psittaci and IBR virus during pregnancy.
Abortion, Veterinary↗
Influence of preconditioning on rat heart subjected to prolonged cardioplegic arrest.
BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IP) can reduce lethal injury to the myocardium induced by prolonged ischemia. However, little is known about the effect of preconditioning on the heart subjected to cardioplegic arrest and hypothermic preservation. We evaluated the effect of IP on myocardial metabolism, mechanical performance, and coronary endothelial function after cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic preservation. METHODS: An isovolumic Langendorff perfused rat heart model was used, and hearts were divided into two groups. The first group (IP, n = 14) was preconditioned by 5 minutes of global normothermic (37 degrees C) ischemia followed by 10 minutes of normothermic reperfusion before 6 hours of cold (4 degrees C) preservation, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. The second group (control, n = 15) was subjected to 6 hours of cold preservation followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion without preconditioning. Mechanical function was assessed using left ventricular balloon by constructing pressure-volume curves in two ways: at defined left ventricular volumes or at defined left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. Initially, the volume of the balloon was increased incrementally from 0 to 150 microL in 25-microL steps. Measurements were then repeated with loading balloon to achieve left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm Hg. Myocardial function was assessed before ischemia and at 15 or 60 minutes of reperfusion. Metabolic status of the heart was evaluated by measuring the release of purine catabolites during the initial 15 minutes of reperfusion and concentrations of myocardial nucleotides at the end of reperfusion. Endothelium-mediated vasodilatation was evaluated using 10 mumol/L 5-hydroxytryptamine before and after ischemia. RESULTS: Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure values were significantly lower in the IP group, by 20% to 40%, during the reperfusion phase at each volume of the balloon compared with the control group. The rate-pressure product was more favorable during reperfusion in the IP than in the control group because of a 15% increased heart rate in the IP group. The release of purine catabolites from the heart during the reperfusion phase was reduced (p < 0.01) in the IP group (0.66 +/- 0.04 mumol) relative to the control group (0.92 +/- 0.06 mumol). No difference in the recovery of systolic function, myocardial adenosine triphosphate concentration, or endothelial function was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions of cardioplegic arrest and hypothermic preservation, IP can offer additional protection for the heart by preventing an increase in diastolic stiffness. However, metabolic improvement or better preservation of the systolic or endothelial function was not observed in this model.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
[Surgical treatment of double-orifice mitral valve associated with incomplete-type endocardial cushion defect].
We report surgical treatment of double-orifice mitral valve (DOMV) associated with incomplete-type endocardial cushion defect. All three cases had "central type DOMV classified by Cascos" with bridging tissue between two mitral orifices. We closed mitral cleft in the two cases with moderate mitral regurgitation, although we left the bridging tissue. It is thought to be beneficial to leave the bridging tissue undivided to avoid postoperative mitral regurgitation in such cases.
Adult↗
[Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis].
From 1981 to 1996, 48 consecutive patients, aged range 1 to 72 years, underwent surgical treatment for infective endocarditis. The infection was in the aortic valve in 10 patients, the mitral valve in 17, the aortic and mitral valves in 7, mixed aortic, mitral and tricuspid valves in one, the tricuspid valve in 9, the pulmonary valve in 3, and the other in 2, thirty-seven patients had native valve endocarditis (NVE) of which 22 cases were in the active stage. Seven cases had active prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and 4 had VSD patch infection. The overall hospital mortality rate was 14.6% (7/48). The hospital mortality rate of NVE was 2.7% (1/37) and that of active NVE was 4.5% (1/22). That of PVE was 71.4% (5/7) and one of 4 cases with VSD patch infection was lost, so the mortality rate of the prosthetic material infection was 54.5% (6/11). Only 1 patient required reoperation for persistent infection. There were 2 late deaths caused by noncardiac disease. Thirty-nine of the total IE patients are now survived. These data demonstrate excellent results in patient with NVE undergoing the surgical treatment at the early phase, and support the premise that patients with active PVE should have also early surgical intervention.
Adolescent↗
[Involvement of maf gene family in crystallin gene regulation].
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Animals↗
The interactions of E2F with pRB and with p107 are regulated via the phosphorylation of pRB and p107 by a cyclin-dependent kinase.
It has been postulated that the product (pRB) of the retinoblastoma gene dissociates from the E2F-pRB complex upon phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase(s) (cdk). However, there is no direct evident for the regulation of formation of the E2F-pRB complex via phosphorylation by purified cdk. Therefore, we investigated the regulation of formation of this complex by phosphorylation using pRB and purified cyclin A-cdk2, cyclin E-cdk2 or cyclin D1-cdk4. Purified pRB was incubated with nuclear extracts prepared from pRB-defective cells and then subjected to gel mobility shift assays. We confirmed that unphosphorylated pRB associated with various types of E2F but pRB has been phosphorylated by cyclin A-cdk2 did not. We found that E2F-pRB complexes were disrupted as a consequence of phosphorylation by cyclin A-cdk2, and the levels of the free forms of E2Fs increased. We also found that not only the E2F-pRB complexes but also the E2F-p107 complexes were disrupted upon phosphorylation by cyclin A-cdk2. Furthermore, E2F-pRB complexes were disrupted through phosphorylation by cyclin D1-cdk4 and cyclin E-cdk2, as well as by cyclin A-cdk2. These results clearly demonstrate that the phosphorylation of pRB and p107 by cdks regulates the formation of complexes between E2F and pRB or p107.
Base Sequence↗
Pharmacological profile of ME3221, a novel angiotensin II receptor antagonist.
The pharmacological profile of a new surmountable angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, ME3221, 3-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4- yl]methoxy]pyridine, was studied in several animal models, and was compared with that of losartan. EF2831, 3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-[[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4- yl]methoxy]pyridine, a metabolite of ME3221, is also a surmountable angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist, whose potency was 1/30 that of ME3221 in vitro, but equal to or 1/3 of that of ME3221 in in vivo experiments. In rats and marmosets, ME3221 antagonized angiotensin II-induced pressor responses, but did not affect bradykinin-induced depressor responses. ME3221 lowered the blood pressure in renal hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and its ED25 value was 3 times that of losartan. Repeated administration of ME3221 to SHR had a stable and long-lasting antihypertensive effect without influencing heart rate. Thus ME3221, like losartan, may be useful in the treatment of renal and essential hypertension.
Angiotensin II↗
Effects of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acids on interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration can obtain marked improvement of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Recently, UDCA has been demonstrated to have a direct effect on immunological reactions in patients with PBC in that the aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules was markedly reduced after UDCA treatment. To understand the immunological effect of UDCA, we analyzed interferon (IFN)-gamma production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 29 patients with PBC treated with UDCA (group 1), 19 patients with PBC who were not treated with UDCA (group 2), 11 healthy subjects (group 3), and 12 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (group 4). IFN-gamma production was investigated because the excess production of this cytokine is associated with the aberrant expression of MHC molecules. Whereas IFN-gamma production in the patients in group 2 was significantly increased, the level of production in group 1 was similar to that in the control groups (groups 3 and 4). There was significant improvement in IFN-gamma production in 6 patients with PBC after UDCA treatment. The effect of UDCA and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on IFN-gamma production in PBMCs from 12 normal subjects was also analyzed. IFN-gamma was produced dose-dependently according to concentrations of CDCA ranging from 0.1 to 10 microM, but the increase in production was markedly suppressed by the addition of UDCA. We conclude that low doses of CDCA enhance IFN-gamma production and may therefore lead to the aberrant hepatic expression of MHC molecules, and that the increase in IFN-gamma production is suppressed by UDCA.
Case-Control Studies↗
Three cases of primary biliary cirrhosis associated with bronchial asthma.
The association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and bronchial asthma was observed in three patients. All of these patients were female (53, 54, and 41 years old, respectively), and were positive for antimitochondrial antibodies. The patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of both PBC and bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma preceded PBC in two patients, and the reverse order was seen in the other. Patient the clinical symptoms were mainly due to the bronchial asthma. Two patients had asymptomatic PBC and the third patient complained of pruritus. The liver histology showed mild to moderate eosinophilic infiltration in addition to the ductal and hepatic parenchymal changes characteristic of PBC. A survey of 266 cases of PBC referred to us disclosed that, in 6 of these, the PBC was associated with bronchial asthma, while no association with bronchial asthma was the material of found in 166 patients with viral hepatitis in our liver biopsy files. The 3 present cases we experienced suggest that bronchial asthma may be included in the list of extrahepatic diseases associated with PBC. The significance of this association is unclear and may merit further study. Steroid therapy, which is known to cause adverse effects in PBC, was employed for bronchial asthma in these 3 patients. Another therapeutic approach will have to be considered in patients with bronchial asthma associated with PBC.
Adult↗
Humoral immune response to human aortic valve homografts.
The humoral response to homograft valves in humans is largely unknown. The anti-human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) antibody production, specificity, and immunoglobulin class were examined sequentially in 73 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. In addition, the long-term production of antibodies was examined in a cross-sectional study of 160 patients at periods varying from 1 to 15 years postoperatively. Human lymphocyte antigen antibodies were produced in 17 of 30 antibiotic-sterilized homografts (56%) and in 15 of 15 "homovital" homograft recipients, compared with 6 of the 28 control xenograft recipients (21%) (p < 0.001). The HLA antibodies were immunoglobulin G in all 15 homovital homografts, in 11 of 17 antibiotic-sterilized homografts, and in four of the six xenograft cases. Human lymphocyte antigen specificities could be assigned to the antibodies in 21 cases. In 10 of 11 cases in which donor HLA typing data were available, the antibodies detected were directed against donor HLA class I antigens. Of six possible determinants of HLA antibody production, the type of homograft valve implanted (homovital or antibiotic sterilized) correlated with antibody formation. In the cross-sectional study, 66 of the 85 homovital homograft recipients tested for HLA antibodies after 1 year were found to have antibodies, compared with 29 of 75 antibiotic-sterilized homograft recipients (p = 0.00003). We conclude that homografts appear to stimulate a strong donor HLA-specific antibody response, particularly of the immunoglobulin G class. This is most common in homovital valve recipients. These antibodies can persist for 15 years after operation. The clinical significance of this response requires further investigation.
Antibody Specificity↗
Different time-course production of peptidic and nonpeptidic leukotrienes and prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in the ovary during ovulation in gonadotropin-primed immature rats.
Temporal changes in ovarian leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs) were examined during ovulation to assess roles they may play in this process. Ovulation was induced in immature rats by injection with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 10 IU, s.c.) 2 days after they had been primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (10 IU, s.c.). The ovaries were extirpated at various intervals after hCG administration and assayed for LTB4, and LTC4/D4/E4, as well as PGE2, and PGF2 alpha. Ovarian concentration of LTB4 increased (P < 0.01) rapidly, reaching a peak at 1 hour after hCG administration, then declined (P < 0.05) by 4 hours and remained low thereafter. In contrast, LTC4/D4/E4 peaked (P < 0.01) between 1 and 2 hours, declined (P < 0.05), and then increased (P < 0.01) to achieve a second, larger peak at 10 hours. Prostaglandin E2 increased (P < 0.01) at 6 hours after hCG and did not decrease from the peak value until (P < 0.01) 14 hours after hCG. Concentrations of PGF2 alpha increased (P < 0.01) at 4 hours after hCG, but decreased (P < 0.01) from the peak by 10 hours. Although LTB4, LTC4/D4/E4, PGE2, and PGF2 alpha all increased during ovulation, the time-course differed. This suggests that each eicosanoid may play a distinct role in the process of follicular rupture.
Animals↗
Left main bronchus compression after aortic reconstruction for interruption of aortic arch.
A case of the left main bronchus obstruction after an aortic reconstruction for interruption of the aortic arch is reported. Clinical features and successful management are described, and a mechanism for this complication is speculated on.
Airway Obstruction↗
Continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion aids repair of aortic laceration during sternal re-entry.
We successfully repaired an anticipated large laceration of the ascending aorta occurring during sternal re-entry in a 68-year old woman undergoing replacement of a prosthetic aortic valve. Cerebral protection was ensured by using continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion via femoro-femoral bypass with deep hypothermia. The cooling time was 20 minutes. The minimum nasopharyngeal temperature was 15 degrees C and the duration of the retrograde perfusion was 11 minutes at a rate of 600 ml per minute. The postoperative course was uneventful and no neurological deficits occurred.
Aged↗
Influence of the compliance of the pump housing and cannulas of a paracorporeal pneumatic ventricular assist device on transient pressure characteristics.
The dependence of transient pressure characteristics of a ventricular assist device (VAD) on the compliance of its housing and cannulas was investigated in a mock circulation. The peak rate of change of pressure (dP/dtmax) values was greater in the cannulas than other compartments and was associated with valve closure-induced pressure oscillations. When cannula compliance was increased from 0.0057 to 0.0129 cm3/mm Hg, these values decreased by approximately 20%, and outflow cannula pressure oscillation frequency decreased from 17.5 Hz by 35%. This trend was also apparent in the inflow. A VAD housing compliance increase from 0.0162 to 0.0483 cm3/mm Hg caused a dP/dtmax decrease of 30% in both the blood chamber and the outflow cannula. The effect of this change on the inflow was weaker implying that housing absorbs the energy associated with outflow deceleration more effectively than the inflow. These findings suggest that increasing VAD housing and cannulas compliance can improve hydrodynamic performance.
Biocompatible Materials↗