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Biomedical subjects

H Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogata.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Investigation on the treatment of infection due to Mycobacterium Kansasii].

Mycobacterium kansasii infection responds well to antituberculous drugs, and in the initial phase of treatment, many patients with M. kansasii infection are regarded as tuberculosis. This study was carried out to know whether the regimen of chemotherapy be continued or changed after the confirmation of diagnosis as M. kansasii infection. The treatment result of 107 cases with M. kansasii infection of the lung encountered at Fukujuji Hospital was compared with that of pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum culture of all patients treated with drug regimens containing RFP converted to negative within 3 months after starting chemotherapy, while sputum culture of many patients treated with regimens not containing RFP converted to negative 4 months or later after the start of chemotherapy. Hence, the effectiveness of RFP in treating M. kansasii infection was confirmed. Among 65 patients with no relapse during a follow-up period of at least one year after the completion of chemotherapy, 58 patients (89.2%) were treated with drug regimens containing INH and RFP, and the treatment of 40 patients (61.5%) was finished within 12 months. Among three patients deteriorated during chemotherapy or relapsed within one year after the completion of chemotherapy, two patients were treated with drug regimens containing RFP and one of them had serious complications. The chemotherapy regimen for tuberculosis is considered to be sufficient for the initial treatment of pulmonary disease caused by M. kansasii.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Six-month short course chemotherapy containing pyrazinamide for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis].

From January 1991 to December 1992, 419 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were initially treated at Fukujuji Hospital. Among them, 190 patients, who were younger than 80 years old and had pulmonary tuberculosis with cavities or infiltration of extension 2 or 3, and/or were sputum-smear positive, had been treated by 6-month short course regimen containing pyrazinamide, 2HRS(E)Z/4HRE. And were eligible for the evaluation of the clinical usefulness of pyrazinamide-containing regimen for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The dose of pyrazinamide was 1.2 g per day irrespective of body weight. The patients of this treatment group consisted of 151 males and 39 females, and mean age of the males was 45.3 and that of the females was 43.8 years old. At the start of the treatment, 74% of the cases were smear positive, 70% were cavitary, and 6 cases each showed primary resistance to isoniazid and to streptomycin, respectively, and only one case showed resistance to both of isoniazid and streptomycin. There was no primary resistant case to either rifampicin or ethambutol. Bacteriologic negative conversion rates were 95% and 90% after 2 months of treatment by PZA-containing regimen and by the standard regimen, respectively, and treatment durations required to achieve the negative conversion of all cases were 3 and 6 months for respective regimens. Of 90 patients who completed 6-month PZA-containing regimen and could be followed-up, only one bacteriologic relapse (1.1%) was noticed. Elevation of serum GPT level higher than 150 IU/ml during the treatment was noticed in 6.3% of 175 cases under PZA-containing regimen in comparison with 4.0% of 174 cases under the standard regimen (not significant). The interval between the onset of the treatment and the detection of abnormal liver function was much shorter (mean 31.3 days) in the PZA-containing regimen than in the standard regimens (mean 63.4 days). Hyperuricaemia (> 10 mg/ml) was noticed in 46.7% of 57 males and 59.4% of 19 females tested, but pyrazinamide was not discontinued in any case due to arthralgia. These results clearly show that pyrazinamide can be used rather safely for Japanese tuberculosis patients. If the pyrazinamide-containing regimen [2HRS(E)Z/4HRE] is adopted as the new standard regimen in place of on-going standard regimen in Japan, 6HRS(E)/3HR, the duration of chemotherapy could be shortened by three months with the same level of both efficacy and safety. We recommended pyrazinamide-containing 6-month regimen, 2HRS(E)Z/4HRE, as the new standard regimen for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of effects of margarite extract and recombinant human superoxide dismutase on paraquat-induced superoxide anion radicals in rat lung.

The effects of medicinal margarite extract and recombinant human superoxide dismutase (r-h SOD) on acute paraquat intoxication were examined in the rat lung. Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats under pentobarbital anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving i.v. injection of physiological saline (control), i.v. injection of 70 mg/kg paraquat, or i.v. injection of either 50 mg/kg of margarite extract or 50,000 unit/kg of r-h SOD 10 minutes before and 1 and 2 hours after an equivalent paraquat administration. Examination of lung superoxide anion radicals (O2-.), lipid peroxides, and histopathological changes showed that paraquat significantly increased superoxide anion radicals (383% of control) reacted with CLA-phenyl. Both margarite extract and r-h SOD decreased superoxide anion radicals to 119% and 83% of control, respectively. Margarite extract, rather than r-h SOD, significantly alleviated the paraquat-induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages into the alveolar walls. There were no significant inter-group differences in lipid peroxides in the lung. Component analysis showed that margarite extract was rich in L- and D-arginine. The scavenging mechanism of margarite extract may be related to L-arginine but needs to be further verified in the future study.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Olfactory responses of several species of teleost to F-prostaglandins.

Olfactory responses (EOG: electro-olfactogram) of 11 species of teleost (five Cypriniformes and six non-Cypriniformes) to F-prostaglandins (PGF2 alpha, 15-keto-PGF2 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha) were examined. All the Cypriniformes showed distinct EOG responses to F-prostaglandins at 10(-7) M. By contrast, non-Cypriniformes with the exception of ayu, Pleccoglossus altivelis, showed responses to 10(-7) M F-prostaglandins of < 22% of that to 10(-5) M L-serine, and they were anosmic to 10(-8) M F-prostaglandins. These results indicate that F-prostaglandins are potent chemical stimulants in Cypriniformes, and suggest that F-prostaglandins may be commonly used as sex pheromones in Cypriniformes, whereas they seem not to have pheromonal functions in most non-Cypriniformes examined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Histopathological changes produced in organs by platelet activating factor].

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) on the pathological changes in organs using 10 mice (C3H/HeN). Ten mice were divided into two groups of acute and chronic experiment groups. In acute experiment, each mice received iv bolus injection of PAF 2.5 micrograms.kg-1 and in chronic experiment daily ip injection of PAF 7.5 micrograms.kg-1 for 7 days. Histopathology was observed with light microscopy after one hour or after 7 days by haematoxylin and eosin stain. In acute experiment, congestion of the lung, liver, kidney and spleen in all cases, right ventricular dilation in 2 cases and villous necrosis in the small intestine in 4 cases were observed. In chronic experiment, hyaline thrombus with congestion of the lung in 3 cases and congestion of the liver and kidney in all cases were observed. Splenomegaly with increased macrophage was observed, but no necrosis in the small intestine was observed. Marked findings were villous necrosis in the small intestine in acute experiment and hyaline thrombus in the lung as well as splenomegaly in chronic experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A comparative study of nitric oxide (NO) gas solution, L-arginine and D-arginine on superoxide anion radical generation using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes].

Nitric oxide (NO) has been studied from various aspects since NO had been recognized as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). We studied the effect of NO gas solution, L-arginine and D-arginine on superoxide anion radical (O2-) generation using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by chemiluminescence method. NO gas solution inhibited O2- generation induced by fMLP or PMA in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas L-arginine that in NO precursor increased O2- generation. On the other hand, D-arginine which is an optical isomer, had no effect on O2- generation. These results suggest that L-arginine administered externally may be different from endogenous L-arginine and has a different effect on O2- generation. Therefore, we must pay attention to biological effects of L-arginine when experiments are performed on nitric oxide.

Arginine↗
PubMed1994

[Neuromuscular blockade with vecuronium and its reversal with edrophonium during total intravenous anesthesia, neuroleptanalgesia and sevoflurane anesthesia].

The neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium and its reversibility ith edrophonium were studied under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and compared with those under NLA or sevoflurane anesthesia (SA) in 30 surgical patients. The degree of neuromuscular blockade was evaluated by acceleration of thumb adduction in response to supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve using Accelograph (Biometer). TIVA was induced with droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1, fentanyl 2-4 micrograms.kg-1 and ketamine 2 mg.kg-1, and maintained with continuous infusion of ketamine 2 mg.kg-1.h-1 with 30-35% O2 in air. NLA was induced with droperidol 0.25 mg.kg-1 and fentanyl 5-10 micrograms.kg-1 and maintained with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. SA was induced with thiamylal 5 mg.kg-1 i.v. and maintained with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen supplemented with sevoflurane (1 MAC). A single bolus intravenous injection of vecuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 was used for paralysis and reversed with edrophonium 0.75 mg.kg-1 followed by atropine 0.015 mg.kg-1 when the TOF ratio returned to 25%. The times required from administration of vecuronium to completion of maximal block with TIVA, NLA and SA were 196.5 +/- 52.2 sec, 182.5 +/- 47.6 sec and 166.0 +/- 69.0 sec, respectively. There was no significant difference among them. The times from completion of maximal block to 25% recovery of the twitch height in TIVA and NLA were 39.5 +/- 11.0 min and 37.4 +/- 5.8 min without significant difference. Those values, however, were significantly shorter than 64.5 +/- 35.2 min of SA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1994

[The changes in superoxide anion production in neutrophils on ischemia-reperfusion].

It is generally known that ischemic reperfusion injury is caused by cell membrane injuries due to superoxide. The present study was carried out to clarify an increase of superoxide production in human neutrophils in state of hypoxia and hyperoxia in vitro. Superoxide of neutrophils was studied at various PO2 values (air, 100% O2, 50% O2, and 100% N2 gas) by chemiluminescence method. The superoxide production (O2-) rates were 84% (air), 84% (100% N2), 87% (100% O2) and 84% (50% O2), respectively. At these stages, PO2 values were 178, 36, 764 and 370 mmHg, respectively. Since superoxide is generated in mitochondria under PO2 of 1 mmHg, it was considered that these different values of PO2 (100% N2, 100% O2 and 50% O2) do not influence the superoxide production. Other factors, such as PAF or cytokine, were speculated to increase superoxide production.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1994

[A case of epituberculosis in the adult female].

Hilar lymph node tuberculosis with atelectasis of the left upper division in a 23 year-old woman was reported. After 3 months' antituberculous chemotherapy, atelectasis on her chest X ray disappeared completely. The case was considered as so-called epituberculosis. Bronchoscopy revealed the improvement of bronchial obstruction due to hilar lymph node tuberculosis. As the majority of epituberculosis cases were found in infants with soft and elastic bronchi, such an adult case like ours was considered to be rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Neurologic outcome and heart resuscitability with closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass after prolonged cardiac arrest times in rabbits.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the influence of prolonged cardiac arrest times on neurologic outcome and heart resuscitability, using a resuscitation model with cardiopulmonary bypass in the rabbit, and to determine whether the changes in the plasma concentrations of lactate and lipoperoxide correlate with the severity of global brain ischemia. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, controlled animal trial. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Forty-three New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTIONS: Rabbits were randomly assigned to one of five groups: control, and four groups with cardiac arrest times of 8, 10, 12, and 15 mins. A bolus of 4 to 6 mL of 0.5-M potassium chloride was injected into the right atrium to induce cardiac arrest within 5 secs. Resuscitation was performed using closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass, and mechanical ventilation with pure oxygen. When necessary, a DC shock of 10 joules/kg was used to terminate ventricular fibrillation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamics, electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, and return times of various cranial reflexes were observed throughout the experiment. Plasma concentrations of lactate and lipoperoxide were determined before cardiac arrest and 5, 30, 90, and 150 mins after resuscitation. The neurologic outcome, measured by Neurologic Deficit Score, was determined at 150 mins postresuscitation. Values for the Neurologic Deficit Score were: 8 +/- 8 in the control group; 31 +/- 13; 37 +/- 19; 69 +/- 22; and 62 +/- 26 in the cardiac arrest groups of 8, 10, 12, and 15 mins, respectively. No significant differences in cardiac resuscitability were found among the four cardiac arrest groups. The plasma concentrations of lactate and lipoperoxide were significantly higher than the prearrest levels; however, there were no significant differences among the four cardiac arrest groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary bypass can be used to establish a resuscitation model in rabbits. Neurologic outcome worsens progressively in proportion to the prolonged cardiac times, especially when it exceeds 10 mins. Cardiac resuscitability is still possible, even when arrest time exceeds 15 mins. Changes in plasma concentrations of lactate and lipoperoxide do not correlate with the neurologic outcome and heart resuscitability following cardiac arrest.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

[Recent advances in radiotherapy for breast cancer].

Radiotherapy for breast cancer has been performed as adjuvant lymph node irradiation after radical operation, irradiation for chest wall relapse, and palliative treatment for bone, lung and brain metastases. However, attention has been paid to irradiation of the breast as a conservative treatment. The role of radiotherapy in breast conservative treatment is to reduce local relapse after shrinkage of operation, and to enhance the cosmetic outcome. The indications of this treatment, technique of irradiation, effects and side effects of irradiation, and risk of radiation-induced cancer were discussed. In Japan, we have experience with this treatment. Breast conservation treatment and modified mastectomy showed the same results in local control and survival. Sometimes the cure and most cases of relief of complaints are attained for recurrent or advanced breast cancer by radiotherapy. High dose rate brachytherapy by 192-Ir showed high local control of uncontrollable tumor by external irradiation. And hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy is also effective for superficial (less than 3 cm in depth) tumor. Even in patients with lung and or brain metastases, radiotherapy sometimes showed complete remission for years. The standard method of radiotherapy for bone and brain metastases is 30 Gy/2 wks, and the symptom relief rate is over 80%. Oncologists should be made aware of the high complaint relief rate by radiotherapy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1994

[Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus].

The effect of tetramethylpyrazine on ischemic neuronal damage was studied in gerbil hippocampus in the terms of histopathological change and cerebral tissue lipid peroxides. Fifteen-five Mongolian gerbils were randomly assigned to one of three groups: sham-operated as control, subjected to 12 min global cerebral ischemia followed by 7 day spontaneous circulatory reperfusion, in which animals were treated with either ip. physiological saline or 60 mg/kg of tetramethylpyrazine 30 min before ischemia and daily thereafter for 7 days. The number of survival pyramidal neurons in the CA1 was counted: 263 +/- 8 (cell/mm) in the sham-operated group, 20 +/- 6 in the ischemia group, and 189 +/- 56 in the group treated with tetramethylpyrazine. Changes in lipid peroxides, expressed as malondialdehyde (MDA), was 134.5 +/- 5.0 nmol/g tissue in the sham-operated group, 193.5 +/- 5.1 in the ischemia group, and 137.6 +/- 10.8 in the group treated with tetramethylpyrazine. These results indicate that tetramethylpyrazine has a protective effect on the ischemic neuronal damage in hippocampus. Free radicals and free calcium may play an important role in pyramidal neuron necrosis in hippocampus following cerebral ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Two pulmonary tuberculosis cases with HIV infection].

UNLABELLED: It was reported that HIV-infected persons were at much higher risk to develop active tuberculosis than HIV-none-infected persons, about 10% of whom might develop active tuberculosis through their lives, almost identical percentage of HIV-infected persons had developed active tuberculosis annually. In Japan, 2838 HIV-infected persons including 621 AIDS-cases were reported by the end of June 1993. Oct. Ten HIV-infected cases of active mycobacteriosis have been reported in literatures or on scientific meeting. We experienced two tuberculosis cases with HIV-infection recently and will report herein. FIRST CASE: A 23 years-old male student of Japanese-language school from Myammer. He was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and cough. His chest X-ray film taken on admission showed left hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes swelling, calcification of left hilar lymph node and infiltration in middle lung field. Sputum smear for acid fast bacilli was strongly positive. The cultured isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA probe methods and were susceptibility tests were sensitive to all antituberculous drugs. Tuberculin skin reaction was negative. Laboratory data on admission: serum albumin level was 2.7 g/dl, A/G ratio was 0.75, CRP was 26.4 dg/ml, HBe antigen and antibody were positive, HIV antibody was positive by PA method and Western blot method, total lymphocyte count was 410/microliters, total T lymphocyte count was 303/microliters, total B lymphocyte count was 29/microliters, CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 37/microliters, CD8+ T lymphocyte count was 279/microliters, CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of hypertonic saline solution on delayed neuronal death].

This experiment was performed to investigate whether hypertonic saline has a preventive effect on delayed neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus. Twenty gerbils were used, and after being anesthetized by inhalation of 1% halothane, both common carotid arteries were occluded for 2.5 min. The animals were injected intravenously with 2 ml/kg of 10% NaCl immediately after reperfusion, and 2 ml/kg of physiological saline solution was used in the same manner in a control group. Five days later, histopathological changes in the CA1 subfield were observed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin and examining sections of the brain under a light microscope. Degenerative or necrotic pyramidal cells exhibited cell shrinkage, nuclear pyknosis, dark staining of the cytoplasm vacuolation and disappearance of the radial striated zone. The pyramidal cell degeneration rate in a 1 mm length of CA1 subfield was 95.6 +/- 1.6% in the ischemia-reperfusion-saline group and 7.1 +/- 3.0% in ischemia-reperfusion-hypertonic saline group, and the difference was statistically significant. This study verified that hypertonic saline prevented delayed neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of hippocampal area after ischemia-reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Urinary bladder carcinoma was induced in a patient treated with cyclophosphamide for malignant lymphoma].

A case of urinary bladder carcinoma in a patient with malignant lymphoma (ML) involving the thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract and the gallbladder is reported. The histological type of ML from the biopsy specimens of the thyroid gland and the stomach was non-Hodgkin's, diffuse large cell lymphoma of B cell origin. The patient had been treated for ML with cyclophosphamide (CPM), doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone effectively then maintained with low dose CPM. Two and a half years after the initial therapy, urinary bladder tumor diagnosed transitional cell carcinoma histologically was found. The patient had received 55 gr. of CPM totally. The dose of CPM was relatively smaller than the one in the other second cancer cases reported induced by CPM previously. It may be suggested that the urinary bladder carcinoma induced by CPM is related not only total dose of CPM but also the other factors. Thus usage of CPM must be cautious because of the secondary disease.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1994

Salivary gland neoplasms in children.

We reviewed 20 children with salivary gland neoplasms treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 1964 and 1990. Retrospective analyses of pathological features and the clinical courses of these cases constituted the bases of the present study. The age of onset was late childhood in 19 cases, ranging from 9 to 20 years, but one patient was 1 year old. Approximately half (55%) the neoplasms were malignant. Histologically, all the benign neoplasms were pleomorphic adenomas (nine cases) and the most common malignant neoplasm was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (six cases, 55%), followed by adenocarcinoma (three cases, 27%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (one case, 9%) and malignant mixed tumor (one case, 9%). Recurrences of pleomorphic adenomas occurred only in the three patients initially treated with enucleation; meanwhile, five patients treated with superficial parotidectomy, and one with submandibular glandectomy, had no recurrence. Recurrences of malignant tumors occurred in all six patients initially treated with enucleation only and in one with superficial parotidectomy but not in two patients treated with total parotidectomy. In seven patients treated with prophylactic neck dissection, no metastasis was identified pathologically. The results support no enucleation of the tumor being applied at the first operation for curing both benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. The indication for radical neck dissection appears to be limited.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Efficacy of the standard regimen for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: results of long-term followed-up].

In 1986, the regimen with isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin or ethambutol for 9 or 6 months was introduced as the standard therapy for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan. Since then, several reports have been published on the relapse rate after such standard regimen, but follow-up observation was limited to relatively short period in these studies, except one study. Further, none of these studies reported overall efficacy rate of the treatment which was the most important index to evaluate the regimen. So we investigated the deaths, defaults, treatment failures, and relapses during and after the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients to calculate the efficacy rate. Three hundred and six patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, who had admitted to Fukujuji Hospital and started initial treatment with standard regimen, were followed-up, retrospectively. At the start of the initial treatment, mean age of the male patients were 47.0 and those of the female patients were 42.2 years old (male: 232 cases, female: 74 cases). Of the total 306 patients, 84.5% were basically positive and 50.7% were cavitary tuberculosis. Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin and ethambutol was noticed in 3.5%, 0.4%, 4.3% and 0.4% of the patients tested. Their medical records in Fukujuji Hospital were reviewed, and for the patients who had not visited the hospital more than one year letters were sent to request to visit the hospital and to answer to questionnaire. The questionnaire were also sent to the referred hospitals and the concerned health-centers. Of 306 patients enrolled in the present investigation, 7 have dropped out.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗