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Biomedical subjects

H Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to H Ogata.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Improvement of cerebral oxidative metabolism and cytochrome aa3 redox state by 7.5% hypertonic saline during hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs].

Our previous study reported that 20% (1.5 ml.kg-1 hypertonic saline could significantly improve the disturbances of cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if 7.5% hypertonic saline induces circulatory improvement. Ten dogs were randomly divided into two groups of 5 each resuscitated with either physiological saline as control or 7.5% hypertonic saline (4 ml.kg-1) after their mean arterial blood pressure decreased to 35 mmHg for 45 minutes by hemorrhage. The changes of cerebral tissue oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin, cerebral blood volume (total hemoglobin), and oxy-cytochrome aa3 were continuously monitored by near infrared spectroscopy throughout the experiment. The experimental result showed that oxy-hemoglobin, oxy-cytochrome aa3, and cerebral blood volume decreased but deoxyhemoglobin increased significantly 45 minutes after hemorrhage. Treatment with 7.5% hypertonic saline significantly restored these variables except for cerebral blood volume and all the animals survived to the end of experiment. But in the control group treated with the same dose of physiological saline, the above variables improved little compared with the baseline; and all the animals died before the end of 60 min experimental observation. Therefore we conclude that 7.5% hypertonic saline (4 ml.kg-1) can also effectively improve the disturbance of cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by hemorrhagic hypotension.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical implications of mismatched uptakes of beta-methyl fatty acid analogue and thallium in infarcted myocardium: correlations with coronary stenosis and regional wall motion abnormality].

Myocardial perfusion and fatty acid metabolism were assessed by using myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography with thallium and beta-methyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) during acute and/or late stages of myocardial infarction in 157 infarcted segments of 100 patients. The incidence of reduced thallium perfusion relative to BMIPP uptake ("T-type" mismatch) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (9%) compared to that of reduced BMIPP uptake relative to thallium perfusion ("B-type" mismatch) (59%) or non-mismatched segment (32%). In an anteroseptal region, B-type dissociation had a significantly higher incidence compared to no or T-type mismatch; 68% vs. 27% vs. 5%, respectively, whereas the incidence of T-type uptake was relatively high in inferior and posterolateral regions; 13%, 11%, respectively. Severe coronary stenosis was observed in 76% of B-type segments and 72% of non-mismatched segments but in only 43% of T-type segments. The incidence of regional wall motion abnormality was significantly lower (46%) in the T-type mismatch segments when compared to the B-type (91%) or non-mismatched segments (96%). In conclusion, myocardial fatty acid metabolism was more markedly impaired compared to an involved coronary perfusion, resulting in the mismatch of perfusion and fatty acid metabolism. Coronary stenosis and regional wall motion abnormality are more closely related to "B-type" mismatch but not necessarily to "T-type" dissociation, probably because of attenuation artifacts in inferior and posterolateral regions in thallium scan.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Anesthetic management of Nd-YAG laser surgery in the airway using a larengeal mask].

We used a laryngeal mask for Nd-YAG laser operations of airway stenosis due to tracheal granulation, broncheal granulation and subglottic tumor. Anesthesia was induced with inhalation of N2O-O2-sevoflurane in two cases and intravenous thiopental in one case. The laryngeal mask was inserted with intravenous injection of vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2-sevoflurane with intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Laryngeal mask airway was stable with respect to circulation and respiration during Nd-YAG laser irradiation. Ignition of a laryngeal mask caused by Nd-YAG laser is much less common compared to that of a tracheal tube with cuff. Therefore, we recommend to use laryngeal mask airway for Nd-YAG laser operation of airway stenosis because of much less danger of ignition and because it keeps good cardiovascular and respiratory conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Relationship between the therapeutic effects or side-effects and the serum disopyramide or mono-N-dealkylated disopyramide concentration after repeated oral administration of disopyramide to arrhythmic patients.

After we had developed a method to determine simultaneously the blood concentrations of disopyramide (DP) and its metabolite mono-N-dealkylated disopyramide (MND) by high-performance liquid chromatography, DP was administered repeatedly to arrhythmic patients in order to examine the relationship between the serum DP or MND concentration and the therapeutic effects or side-effects. To 79 arrhythmic patients (57 patients with ventricular premature contraction, 13 with supraventricular arrhythmia and 9 with atrial fibrillation), DP was administered repeatedly at an initial oral dose of 200 to 400 mg/day. Of the 61 patients which were possible to evaluate after reaching a steady state, 32 were evaluated as effective and 29 as non-effective, the effective rate being 52.5%; the mean blood DP concentration (+/- S.D.) was 2.14 +/- 0.65 and 1.74 +/- 0.62 micrograms/ml, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (p +/- 0.05). At the final dose, 40 patients were evaluated as effective and 18 as non-effective, the effective rate being 69.0%; the mean blood DP concentration was 2.03 +/- 0.67 and 2.09 +/- 0.68 micrograms/ml, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. Among 42 patients with premature contraction, 26 were evaluated as effective and 16 as non-effective, the effective rate being 62%; the mean blood DP concentration was 2.01 +/- 0.62 and 2.20 +/- 0.70 micrograms/ml respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of side-effects was 17.7%, and there were no significant differences in blood DP or MND concentrations between the groups with and without side-effects. A blood DP concentration more than 2 micrograms/ml may be required to achieve the therapeutic effect of DP administered repeatedly.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Measurement of serum and sputum eosinophil cationic protein concentrations in asthma].

Concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured in serum from patients with asthma, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy subjects. The relationships between serum ECP concentration and percent of predicted FEV1 (%FEV1), and between serum and sputum ECP concentrations were also examined in patients with asthma. Serum ECP concentration in asthma was significantly higher than those in COPD patients and healthy subjects. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum ECP concentration and %FEV1 when analysis was restricted to data from asthma patients less than 60 years old. ECP concentration in serum and in sputum were significantly correlated. These results suggest that in asthma patients, eosinophils are activated in serum, and that the degree of eosinophil activation in the airway can be estimated by measuring serum ECP to some extent. Because it does not require bronchial biopsy or bronchoalveolar lavage, measurement of serum ECP may be useful as a minimally invasive monitoring of asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of malignancy and viability of brain tumors by 201Tl SPECT: the correlation between 201Tl SPECT and pathology, clinical progress and the intensity of enhancement on CT images].

Thallium-201 (201Tl) SPECT was performed 48 times in 26 patients to clarify its usefulness in the evaluation of malignancy and viability of brain tumors. The early counts ratio (ER) and delayed counts ratio (DR) of a lesion compared with normal brain were obtained 10-15 minutes and 3 hours, respectively, after intravenous administration of 185 MBq of 201Tl chloride. Untreated high grade malignant tumors and recurrent tumors did not always show high ER and DR, and they were widely distributed. High grade malignant tumors that showed low ER and DR were not well enhanced on CT or MRI. In low grade malignant tumors, such as pituitary adenoma which was well enhanced on CT, ER and DR were as high as in high grade malignant tumor. Whether a tumor recurred within three months after radiotherapy or not was retrospectively predicted at accuracy rates of 93.8% and 87.5% with cut-off points of 4.0 for ER and 3.5 for DR. Cerebral radiation necrosis showed ring-like increased uptake of 201Tl in proportion to the progress of necrosis and intensity of enhancement on MRI. In conclusion 201Tl SPECT is considered to be less useful for lesions that are well enhanced on CT, because they show high uptake of 201Tl regardless of their malignancy and viability. On the other hand, in tumors that are not well enhanced on CT. 201Tl shows good accumulation in viable and high grade malignant lesions. 201Tl SPECT should be performed in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A review of wheelchair marathon and tennis.

Wheelchair sports were developed for people with spinal cord injuries, and have contributed greatly to the improvement of physical fitness and social interaction of handicapped people. Previously, wheelchair sports were used as a method of rehabilitation to increase the recreational activity of wheelchair-bound persons. Recently, however wheelchair sports have been expanded to include actual competitions for wheelchair athletes. There are numerous international wheelchair competitions and races all over the world. A wheelchair marathon race, one of the most strenuous wheelchair sports, has become a popular event in Japan. The Oita International Wheelchair Marathon has been held annually since 1981. In addition, the International Wheelchair Tennis competition in Iizuka City started in 1985. For the past 13 years, we have investigated the physiological aspects of wheelchair athletes primarily through these two competitions. In this review, the results of these studies are summarized and the significance of wheelchair sports is discussed from the medical rehabilitation point of view.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1994

Use of an accelerometer in evaluating arm movement during wheelchair propulsion.

A piezoelectric accelerometer was attached to the arm of a wheelchair bound subject to obtain information on arm movement during wheelchair propulsion. Five physically fit normal subjects, seated on a suspended wheelchair in a laboratory setting, propelled a wheelchair 60, 90 and 120 times/min in succession for a total of 4 min each. With increased frequency of arm propulsion, arm acceleration also increased. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationship was found between arm acceleration and frequency of arm propulsion showing a linear regression correlation of Y = 0.118X-1.122. A clinical trial using the same recording system for a paraplegic athlete on a 160 m two way (80 m each way) track confirmed the system's practicality. Arm acceleration data may be extrapolated to frequency of arm propulsion or level of activity information. Complete computerization of the accelerometric data will facilitate its expansion to a variety of practical applications.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1994

Variability in absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate under fasting and pre- and post-meal conditions.

Inter-individual variations in the absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate were determined after administration of an enteric-coated tablet (EC) or a plain capsule (PC) to 113 healthy volunteers under fasting, pre-meal, and post-meal conditions. The absorption lag time of pyridoxal phosphate was assessed from the urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid after administration of EC and PC. Significantly larger lag times after administration of both formulations were observed under post-meal conditions than under pre-meal conditions (0.477 +/- 0.315 h versus 0.081 +/- 0.086 h for PC and 1.995 +/- 1.345 h versus 1.064 +/- 1.327 h for EC), indicating that the mean gastric emptying rates of both a solution and a tablet were delayed after food intake. The lag time for PC showed little inter-individual variation with (0-1.2 h) or without food (0-0.25 h), whereas that for EC showed markedly large inter-individual variation, from 0.25 to 2.63 h (median, 1.5 h) in the fasting condition, from 0.25 to > 5.5 h (median 0.25 h) under pre-meal conditions, and from 0.25 to > 5.5 h (median 1.25 h) under post-meal conditions. The effect of food on the gastric emptying rate of a solution appears to be almost uniform, whereas that for a tablet is so unpredictable that a reliable absorption rate for an enteric-coated tablet cannot be expected, particularly under pre- and post-meal conditions.

Absorption↗
PubMed1994

Viral and host factors that contribute to efficacy of interferon-alpha 2a therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Using conventional statistical analysis and multiple regression analysis, we investigated the viral and host factors that influence the response to recombinant interferon-alpha 2a therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 36 patients was randomly assigned to three administration schedules, 12 patients in each. Response to treatment was set as the criterion variable. Four variables were statistically significant in the conventional method in predicting a good therapeutic outcome: HCV genotype III and IV, lower histology activity index (HAI) score for liver, higher total dose of interferon administration, and lower serum HCV RNA concentration. In multiple regression analysis, a combination of the above four variables resulted in a higher multiple correlation coefficient (R = 0.84, P < 0.0001) using a stepwise method. Of those four, HCV genotype had the highest absolute value of standard partial regression coefficient (0.51). The HCV RNA concentration was correlated with HCV genotype and HAI score, whereas HCV genotype and HAI score showed no correlation. Thus, HCV RNA concentration was not statistically significant in multiple regression analysis. These findings indicate that HCV genotype, HAI score, and schedule of administration can be important predictors of the response to interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Association between location of the lesion and discharge status of ADL in first stroke patients.

We investigated the relationship between the location of the lesion in the brain and discharge status of activities of daily living measured by Barthel index in 112 first-stroke patients who had survived to discharge. Physiatrists and radiologists determined the location of the lesion based on neuroanatomic classification of findings detected by head-computed tomography (CT) of the patients. A stepwise regression analysis showed that only one selected location, the right parietal lobe lesion, was negatively associated with discharge Barthel index (R2 = 0.04). However, low R2 indicated that factors other than CT findings could also influence discharge Barthel index, and thus location of the lesion detected by head CT should be considered as adjunctive on prediction of discharge status.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Anthropometric features of wheelchair marathon race competitors with spinal cord injuries.

The anthropometric data of the health check programme in the Oita Wheelchair Marathon Race were analysed. In the past 10 years, a total of 2677 competitors participated in this programme. Age, height, body weight, body fat, lung vital capacity, girth of chest, girth of upper arm, grasping force and power of upper arm were compared between 710 fine competitors and 99 poor competitors. Power of the upper arms and lung vital capacity played a major part in the result of the races. It was suggested that these two factors had major influences on the achievement of this type of sports activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Epitope analysis of SPan-1 and DUPAN-2 using synthesized glycoconjugates sialyllact-N-fucopentaose II and sialyllact-N-tetraose.

Epitope analysis of SPan-1 and DUPAN-2 was compared with that of CA19-9 using the synthesized glycoconjugate sialyllacto-N-fucopentaose II (SLF II, sialyl-Lewis(a)) and its precursor, sialyllact-N-tetraose (LSTa, sialyl-Lewis(c)), conjugated to human serum albumin. The CA19-9 and DUPAN-2 assay systems specifically recognized SLF II and LSTa, respectively. The SPan-1 assay system recognized both SLF II and LSTa, although the reactivity with the former was far stronger than that with the latter. These results were, in general, compatible with those obtained from assaying these markers in the sera of two pancreatic cancer patients with definite Lewis-negative phenotype and in the sera of 39 CA19-9-negative pancreatic cancer patients. In conclusion, DUPAN-2 is the precursor of CA19-9 and is accumulated in the sera of pancreatic cancer patients with Lewis-negative phenotype and SPan-1 has an advantage over CA19-9 in the diagnosis of patients with Lewis-negative phenotype, although both markers have almost the same sensitivity for this malignancy.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

Hypertonic saline improves cerebral oxidative metabolism and cytochrome aa3 redox state during hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs.

Hypertonic saline used in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock dramatically improves cardiovascular performance. In the present study, our focus was on whether it would improve disturbances of cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by hemorrhagic hypotension. Fourteen dogs were bled over a period of 15 min so that the mean arterial blood pressure of seven dogs (group H) fell to 65 mmHg and that of the other seven (group L), to 45 mmHg. These pressures were maintained for 30 min, and then 20% hypertonic saline (1.5 ml/kg body weight) was injected intravenously. Cerebral oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, cerebral blood volume, and oxidized cytochrome aa3 were continuously monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy throughout the experiment. The experimental results showed that 45 min of hemorrhagic hypotension led to decreases in cerebral oxyhemoglobin (from control level 0 to -25.5 +/- 7.5 microM/liter brain tissue in group H and to -32.3 +/- 7.5 microM/liter brain tissue in group L), in total hemoglobin (from control level 0 to -7.2 +/- 1.8 microM/liter brain tissue in group H and to -6.5 +/- 1.7 microM/liter brain tissue in group L), and in oxidized cytochrome aa3 in group L (from control level 0 to -0.8 +/- 0.4 microM/liter brain tissue), but to increases in deoxyhemoglobin (from control level 0 to 15.5 +/- 5.0 microM/liter brain tissue in group H and to 25.8 +/- 3.4 microM/liter brain tissue in group L) and in oxidized cytochrome aa3 in group H (from control level 0 to 0.6 +/- 0.3 microM/liter brain tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗