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Biomedical subjects

H Oda

Publications and source records attributed to H Oda.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An aspect of metabolic bone disease with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

In spite of vast varieties of investigations on osteonecrosis, there is no report concerning the serum vitamin D metabolite concentrations and quantitative assessment of histological parameters of undecalcified section of bone. In this study, we examined the relations between biochemical and histological parameters in four patients with idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral heads. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations showed lower value within normal range. However, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations were far below the normal value in all patients. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations were within normal range. Histomorphometric parameters of iliac crest biopsy specimens were as follows. Relative osteoid volume, osteoid surface, and resorption surface were increased in all patients. Calcification front was decreased in all patients. Mean osteoid seam width was increased in two patients. These results suggest that microfractures created in such fragile trabeculae of femoral heads in our patients with deficiency of active vitamin D metabolites, will not be repaired well.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1983

[Experience with transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination in urology].

To evaluate its diagnostic availability in urology, transabdominal and scrotal ultrasonographic examination was made on 87 patients who had been admitted to our hospital for space occupying lesions. In retroperitoneal lesions, adrenal tumors and renal tumors greater than 2.5 cm could be detected by this examination. In pelvic lesions, bladder tumors greater than 0.5 cm were demonstrated and prostatic carcinoma with heterogeneous echotexture and irregular margin was discriminated from BPH. Not only could fluid-filled scrotal lesions larger than 1.0 cm be distinguished from solid mass lesions, but the intrascrotal anatomy could also be demonstrated in detail. Because of its safety, flexibility, and accuracy in detecting space occupying lesions, this examination could be a useful screening test in urology. Representative cases we experienced are presented.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

Structural polypeptides of molluscum contagiosum virus: their variability in various isolates and location within the virion.

The structural polypeptides of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) obtained from the skin lesions of patients were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 40 polypedtides from purified virions were detected on SDS-polyacrylamide gel by a highly sensitive silver stain. Two of the structural polypeptides of the nine isolates were different in their migration rate in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Following controlled degradation virions the two variable polypeptides were shown to be located in the surface or subsurface layers.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Effect of nitrogen dioxide exposure on cyclic GMP in rat lung.

In vivo exposure of rats to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 6 h caused approx. 5-fold increase in the content of cyclic GMP in lung tissue. This increased cyclic GMP level lasted up to 24 h but returned to the normal level within 2 days, even when the NO2 exposure continued. This increase in the content of cyclic GMP of lung tissue by NO2 exposure was observed in both young and aged rats. There were no statistically significant changes in the content of cyclic AMP in lung tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Electrocardiographic abnormalities in rats by acute exposure to nitrogen dioxide.

Changes in cardiac function of rats acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were examined by electrocardiographic (ECG) records. Bradycardia and arrhythmia which were observed by exposure to 20 ppm NO2 or more for 3 h were abolished by injection of atropine sulfate. ECGs were recorded following experimental formation of nitrite (NO-2) and nitrate (NO-3) in blood of normal rats by administration of NaNO2 solution, but no remarkable changes were observed on ECG. These results suggest that abnormal cardiac function observed during acute exposure to NO2 is attributable to changes in parasympathetic nervous activity and not to elevated NO2- and NO3- concentration in blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide. II. Changes of the protective systems in rat lungs and of lipid peroxidation by acute exposure.

This work was done to clarify the relation between the change of lipid peroxidation and the protective systems in lungs after NO2 exposures. JCL:Wistar 8-wk-old male rats were exposed continuously to 10 ppm NO2 for 2 wk. Lipid peroxidation, measured by ethane exhalation in the breath of the rats and by the reaction of thiobarbituric acid with lung homogenates, increased to a maximum at 3 d after a decline at 1 d, and then returned to the initial level (of d 0). Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), disulfide reductase (DSR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the 105,000 X g supernatant of lung homogenates were depressed slightly at 1 d. Thereafter, they increased significantly to their maximum levels from 5 to 10 d, and these maximum levels were maintained until d 14. The pattern of change of these protective enzymes was symmetric to that of lipid peroxidation after 3 d. The order of the ratio of the increased value to the initial value was G6PD greater than DSR greater than 6PGD greater than GR greater than GPx greater than SOD. The time course of nonprotein sulfhydryls was similar to that of the protective enzymes. In contrast, the amounts of vitamin E increased to a maximum at 2 d and then returned to the initial level. The periodic change of vitamin E was similar to that of lipid peroxidation rather than that of the protective enzymes. These results suggest that the ability of the enzyme systems in lungs to protect against NO2 fluctuated in a complex manner and the activities of the protective enzymes varied inversely with lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of acute nitrogen dioxide exposure on swimming performance of mice.

To evaluate the acute effects of NO2 on the physical performance of experimental animals, male mice 15-16 wk old were exposed to 5, 10, 20, or 40 ppm NO2 for 24 h, and forced swimming endurance time (FSET), the changes in FSET during the postexposure days, lung wet weight, lung water content, and blood lactate level were examined. FSET of mice exposed to NO2 at 10, 20, and 40 ppm decreased immediately after exposure, FSET of mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2 did not change immediately after exposure, but a significant decrease was observed from d 1 to d 4 after exposure. FSET recovered to the initial control level after 5-6 d, 7-8 d, and over 9 d in mice exposed to NO2 at 5, 10, and 20 ppm, respectively. Lung wet weight of mice exposed to 20 and 40 ppm NO2 and lung water content of mice exposed to 10, 20, and 40 ppm NO2 increased with dose. A negative relation was demonstrated between FSET and lung wet weight and between FSET and lung water content. Without forced swimming exercise, the blood lactate level of mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2 was almost equivalent to that of control mice, but the blood lactate level of the exposed mice significantly increased immediately and 24 h after forced swimming exercise for 4 min.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Mechanism of antibody-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus infection in athymic nude mice: requirement of Fc portion of antibody.

Experiments were performed to investigate the resistance of the host due to antibody-mediated mechanisms to herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Transfer of hyperimmune anti-HSV mouse serum inhibited the development of skin lesions and prolonged the survival of lethally HSV-infected nude mice. Relatively high concentrations of antibody were required to achieve this protection. Antisera prepared in heterologous animals were also effective, while administration of anti-cowpox virus serum or interferon provided no protection. This type of protection is therefore due to specific antibody and cannot be attributed to interferon. In order to delineate the requirement for antibody in antibody-mediated protection, human gamma globulin preparations were transferred to lethally HSV-infected nude mice. Transfer of intact human gamma globulin (GG) was effective in controlling infection. S-sulfonation of GG did not diminish the protective ability. However, purified F(ab')2 did not have any protective action even when it was administered frequently to maintain serum neutralizing antibody titer. GG was effective in C5-deficient mice lethally infected with HSV. These results indicate that in vivo antibody-mediated protection to HSV infection requires the Fc region of the intact IgG molecule and suggest that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity may be operative in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Studies on biochemical effects of nitrogen dioxide: I. Lipid peroxidation as measured by ethane exhalation of rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide.

This research was in order to follow the periodic fluctuation of lipid peroxidation by a new method in rats exposed to nitrogen dioxide. Wistar male rats were examined for lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by ethane exhalation. In rats continuously exposed to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 2 weeks, the amount of ethane exhaled fluctuated in a complex manner during the exposure. Ethane exhalation decreased slightly after the first day of exposure and then increased rapidly. The maximal values were observed after the fourth day of exposure and then decreased gradually to the initial level. Furthermore, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in lungs of rats exposed to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide varied symmetrically against the change of ethane formation. Similar changes in ethane exhalation were observed in rats exposed to the lowest levels of nitrogen dioxide (0.4, 1.2 and 4.0 ppm) for 4 months. Compared to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide exposure for 14 days, the characteristics in rats exposed to the low levels (0.4-4.0 ppm) of nitrogen dioxide were: the decline of ethane formation, the delay in alterations, and the tendency toward gradual increase during the longer period exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Transformation of bile acids by mixed microbial cultures from human feces and bile acid transforming activities of isolated bacterial strains.

Microbiol transformation of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid by anaerobic mixed cultures of human fecal microorganisms was investigated, and the results were examined in relation to the bile acid transforming activities of 75 bacterial strains isolated from the same fecal cultures. The reactions involved in the mixed cultures were dehydrogenation and dehydroxylation of the 7 alpha-hydroxy group in both primary bile acids and epimerization of the 3 alpha-hydroxy group in all metabolic bile acids. Extensive epimerization of the 7 alpha-hydroxy group of chenodeoxycholic acid yielding ursodeoxycholic acid was also demonstrated by certain fecal samples. 7 alpha-Dehydrogenase activity was widespread among the fecal isolates (88% of 16 facultative anaerobes and 51% of 59 obligate anaerobes), and 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity was revealed in one of the isolates, and unidentified gram-positive nonsporeforming anaerobic bacterium. 3 alpha-Epimerization was effected by seven strains assigned to Eubacterium lentum, which were also active for 3 alpha- and 7 alpha-dehydrogenations. No microorganism accounting for 7 alpha-epimerization was recovered among the isolates. Splitting of conjugated bile acid was demonstrated by the majority of obligate anaerobes but the activity was rare among facultative anaerobes.

Bacteria↗