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Biomedical subjects

H Ochi

Publications and source records attributed to H Ochi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Inhibitory activity on bacterial motility and in vivo protective activity of human monoclonal antibodies against flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Three stable hybridoma cell lines, IN-2A8, IN-5D6, and ZI-3A8, that secrete human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for b-type flagella of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were established by fusing peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy volunteers with murine myeloma P3X63-Ag8.653 cells. The immunoglobulin M MAbs reacted specifically with flagellin (Mr, 52,000) by Western blotting (immunoblotting) analysis and bound specifically to clinical isolates belonging to Homma serotypes A, B, H, I, and M at frequencies of 58, 50, 46, 30, and 35%, respectively, but did not bind to any serotype E or G isolates. Overall, the MAbs bound to 31% of the clinical isolates. MAb IN-2A8 strongly protected burned mice challenged with P. aeruginosa bearing b-type flagella from death following parenteral administration of 0.1 microgram per mouse. This MAb also inhibited P. aeruginosa colony spreading in soft agar at a concentration of more than 1 microgram/ml but only slightly enhanced opsonophagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. A line of evidence suggests that the potent in vivo activity of MAb IN-2A8 in the burned-mouse model is likely to be caused by its inhibition of bacterial motility after binding to flagella.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Stone fragility--measurement of stone mineral content by dual photon absorptiometry.

We measured the mineral content of urinary tract stones by dual photon absorptiometry, which is widely used for the analysis of bone mineral content, and compared the values of the stones by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA values) with the results of an in vitro fracture study as well as those of an in vivo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment study. The results of a preliminary experiment showed that the DPA values of 20 urinary tract stones reflected actual stone mineral content. As a result of the in vitro fracture study, the DPA value calculated by volume of a struvite stone, which was the most easily disintegrated, was the lowest (0.53 g/cm3). The DPA values of calcium oxalate monohydrate and apatite stones, which poorly disintegrated, were the highest (0.98, 1.01 g/cm3). The DPA value of calcium oxalate dihydrate, which moderately disintegrated, was 0.86 g/cm3. By the in vivo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment study, the total DPA values of stones measured before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment in 12 patients were 0.73 +/- 0.34 g in successful cases and 1.92 +/- 0.43 g in unsuccessful cases with a significant difference between the two (p less than 0.05). These results showed that the measurement of stone mineral content by dual photon absorptiometry was useful in predicting the fragility of stones against shock waves before performing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment for patients with urinary tract stones.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

[Bone metastases in breast cancer and its risk factor--follow up study by bone scintigraphy].

Breast cancer is considered to often involve bone metastasis. Early detection and treatment of bone metastasis are essential in improving the prognosis of this disease. In 47 patients with bone metastasis confirmed with bone scintigraphy, we examined the appearance time of bone metastasis; bone metastasis was frequently observed with the progress of stage, but no association with the appearance time was found. Age was not associated with the incidence of bone metastasis but was found to be closely related to its appearance time. That is to say, patients with breast cancer below 40 years of age showed relatively early bone metastasis. Bone scintigraphy is required every 6 months at least for 3 years after the operation. In patients over 40 years of age, on the other hand, bone scintigraphy is required only once a year but has to be continued for 5 years or more, because they often show relatively late bone metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Factors regulating venous return: analysis based on the respiratory variations of superior vena caval flow].

Characteristics of venous return and its determining factors were observed using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Superior vena caval (SVC) flow was regarded as representing venous return. Ten healthy subjects and 23 patients with chronic pulmonary disease were studied. 1. In the healthy subjects, the forward flow was biphasic with dominant systolic (S) wave. Among 23 patients, 18 had normal SVC flow patterns (Group I), while in the remaining 5, SVC flow showed disappearance of the diastolic (D) wave, or both the D and S waves (Group II). 2. The healthy subjects and Group I patients had negative pleural pressures during inspiration and expiration. Consistent findings in Group II patients included positive pleural pressures during expiration and reduction in FEV1.0%. In the normal subjects and Group I patients, right atrial (RA) pressure was less than the pressure of the subclavian vein (ScV) during an entire respiratory phase. However, in Group II, RA pressure was equal to or greater than ScV pressure during expiration, resulting in disappearance or reversal of the S and D waves. 3. Respiratory variation in pleural pressure correlated significantly with that of the S wave (r = 0.77) (p < 0.005), D wave (r = 0.80) (p < 0.005), x descent of RA pressure (r = 0.77) (p < 0.005), and y descent of RA pressure (r = 0.82) (p < 0.005). The present study clearly confirmed that the superior vena caval flow patterns were closely correlated with right heart hemodynamics and truly reflected the effects of pleural pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Venous return disturbances in chronic pulmonary disease: a study using pulsed Doppler echocardiography].

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used for investigation of respiratory changes of superior vena caval flow in chronic pulmonary disease to analyze the mode of venous return and its regulating factors. The subjects consisted of 55 patients with various pulmonary diseases and 44 healthy controls. 1. In the controls, the velocities of the S and D waves increased during the inspiratory phase. 2. Patients with pulmonary diseases were categorized into 2 groups. One with the mode of the healthy subjects (normal pattern), and the other with disappearance of the D wave or both the S and D waves (abnormal pattern) in the expiratory phase. All patients with restricted ventilation exhibited the normal patterns, while the abnormal patterns were observed in some of the patients with obstructive ventilation, and most of the patients with combined ventilation. 3. The respiratory patterns of the pressure gradients between the right atrium and subclavian vein reflected patterns of the superior vena caval flow well. In cases with abnormal patterns, the right atrial pressure exceeded the subclavian vein pressure in the expiratory phase. 4. The velocity of the A wave at the expiratory phase correlated significantly with pulmonary vascular resistance and with the mean pulmonary artery pressure. In conclusion, the mode of venous return in patients with pulmonary disease varies depending on the mode of the ventilation disturbance and the presence of right ventricular pressure overload, which is most likely caused by the intrathoracic pressure and by right ventricular filling abnormalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

N-acetyl-L-galactosaminuronic acid as an epitope common to the O-polysaccharides of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype A and H (Homma) recognized by a protective human monoclonal antibody.

We have established a human--mouse heterohybridoma cell line producing a human monoclonal antibody TS-3G2 (IgG gamma 1, K). This monoclonal antibody specifically bound to O-polysaccharides belonging to plural Pseudomonas aeruginosa Homma serotypes, A and H, in contrast to serotype-specific monoclonal antibody which exclusively bound to strains belonging to a single specific serotype. The binding affinity for serotype A strains was higher than that for serotype H strains. Competitive enzyme immunoassay experiments with O-polysaccharide preparations derived from IID 1001, NCTC 8505 (serotype A) and IID 1009 (serotype H) and their derivatives demonstrated that the N-acetyl-L-galactosaminuronic acid residue in O-polysaccharide was essentially involved in the epitope for TS-3G2. Furthermore, a 6-deoxy-hexosamine residue neighboring the reducing terminal of N-acetyl-L-galactosaminuronic acid residues was also concerned with the epitope to some extent. In the experimental infection model of normal mice, the monoclonal antibody TS-3G2 showed a protective activity against both strains of serotype A and H.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by factor analysis.

We examined the usefulness of factor analysis for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by analysis of the data obtained by radionuclide angiography. The data could be separated into two factors, a hepatic phase (hepatic artery and portal vein) and an arterial phase (aorta and kidney). In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the factor of the tumor is included in the arterial phase, so that the cancerous region could be differentiated from the noncancerous region. The ratio of the radioactivity of the cancerous region to the noncancerous region was used to estimate the blood flow of the tumor region.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1990

Effect of calcitonin on total body bone mineral contents of experimental osteoporotic rats determined by dual photon absorptiometry.

Total body bone mineral (TBBM) content in rats was measured by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA). TBBM showed significant increases over 4 weeks in control groups with significant bone loss over the same time in prednisolone-injected rats on low calcium feed. Daily injections of calcitonin significantly reduced loss of bone mass. Both prednisolone- and prednisolone-calcitonin-injected groups showed significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase with the prednisolone-calcitonin group also exhibiting elevated serum calcium and phosphate levels, confirming the impact of the experimental protocol. TBBM measured by DPA in all groups correlated well (r = 0.928, P less than 0.001 n = 20) with the total ash weight suggesting that the method reflects total skeletal mineral content in the small animal. TBBM measurement by DPA proves well-suited to monitoring bone mineral in a small animal experimental setting.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of composition changes using dual-photon absorptiometry in obese patients undergoing semistarvation.

The changes in total fat mass (TFM) and lean body mass (LBM) under semistarvation treatment were measured by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) in this study. Three females with massive obesity were followed over two periods consuming a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Although LBM changes attributed to water shifts related to sodium balance were observed, DPA proved sensitive enough to measure LBM and TFM changes in semistarvation treatment. LBM measured by DPA did not change significantly following 4 weeks of VLCD. However, TFM decreased significantly (70.9 +/0 24.1 kg to 62.4 +/- 21.7 kg) and paralleled body weight.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

Prostacyclin does not play any cytoprotective role in endothelial cell injury induced by 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, an arachidonate lipoxygenase product.

Among various arachidonic acid metabolites examined, only 15(S)-hydroxperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), a lipoxygenase product, caused a time- and dose-dependent injury to bovine endothelial cells in culture. There also occurred a significant inhibition of endothelial prostacyclin (PGI2) production due to 15-HPETE. But there were obvious dissociations in time course and dose dependence between 15-HPETE-induced cellular injury and 15-HPETE-induced inhibition of PGI2 synthesis. In addition, the cytotoxicity of 15-HPETE was not aggravated even when the endothelial monolayers were pretreated with several inhibitors of PGI2 synthesis. Also, some stable analogues of PGI2 had no protective effect on the injury. These results suggest that the reduced production of PGI2 caused by 15-HPETE is not directly associated with the onset of cellular injury, and that PGI2 does not play any cytoprotective role in endothelial cell injury induced by at least such lipid peroxides as 15-HPETE.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of scintigrams using fuzzy theory].

Textural features for phantom images were extracted. Texture parameters which represent RI distribution--skew, energy, entropy and angular second moment were used. But, it was difficult to analyse the images using discriminant analysis for textural features, because textural features had statistical noise. Therefore fuzzy reasoning was adapted to analyse the images. Textural features for six kinds of images were showed using membership function. The possibility to the image was evaluated using the value of membership function on each images. Fuzzy reasoning could be done easily using max-min composition formula. The reasoning was found more suitable to analyse the images than discriminant analysis and will be considered useful for analysis of clinical scintigrams.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

[Dual photon absorptiometry].

BMC and BMD of the total body bone and lumbar spine were measured in normal control and patients with metabolic bone diseases by DPA (Dichromatic Bone Densitometer Model 2600, Norland corporation). Also, total body fat mass was measured in patients with obesity. We discussed basic technical problems and showed some data to assess patients with metabolic diseases known to affect the skeleton such as primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. DPA is useful technique to assess patients with metabolic bone diseases and to monitor the efficacy of treatments.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1990

[Measurement of portal systemic circulation by oral and per-rectal administration of I-123 iodoamphetamine].

In an earlier study, we measured the portal circulation noninvasively by Tc-99m pertechnetate per-rectal portal scintigraphy. This method makes it possible to see the portal circulation and to diagnose portal hypertension from the images of the liver and heart. However, the method mainly reflects circulation from the inferior mesenteric vein, the contribution of which to the portal circulation is less than that of the superior mesenteric vein. Here, we devised capsules of I-123 iodoamphetamine (IMP) that dissolve when the pH changes to evaluate the portal circulation arising from the superior mesenteric vein. I-123 IMP enclosed in an enteric-coated capsule was prepared and given orally, just before I-123 IMP was injected into the rectum. The per-rectal portal shunt index (RSI) and oral portal shunt index (OSI) were calculated from the count of radioactivity of the liver and lungs. The RSI and OSI of patients with cirrhosis were both higher than those of the patients with chronic hepatitis. In individual patients, the RSI was higher than the OSI. This noninvasive method seemed to be useful in evaluation of the portal systemic circulation in chronic liver diseases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: successful surgical management and histopathologic study.

A case of intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension was treated successfully with a two-stage operation: resection of the intracardiac and intracaval mass for the first stage and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for the second. Tumors were located either within or in continuity to dilated uterine veins. A leiomyomatous protrusion of the wall of a small uterine vein was found in two remote sections. The involved veins were located alone in the layer of apparently normal uterine smooth muscles. The findings suggest that intravenous leiomyomatosis originates from the smooth-muscle component of uterine veins.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Quantification of bone mineral content using dual-photon absorptiometry in a normal Japanese population.

The bone mineral content of lumbar spine and/or total body were quantified in 217 healthy Japanese (86 males and 131 females) using a Dichromatic Bone Densitometer (Norland Corp., Model 2600). The bone mineral density of the third lumbar vertebra (L3 BMD) decreased significantly after age 20 in males (r = -0.417, p less than 0.0002), with acceleration of the decrease after age 50 (r = -0.621, p less than 0.00002). A significant correlation was found between L3 BMD and age after age 40 (r = -0.747, p less than 0.0001) in females. L3 BMD correlated with both the body height (r = 0.335, p less than 0.0001) and the body weight (r = 0.340, p less than 0.0001). Total bone mineral content from the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae correlated significantly with total body bone mineral (r = 0.880, p less than 0.00001) in these normal subjects. Lumbar spine bone mineral as measured by dual-photon absorptiometry is lower in Japan than the bone mass in the United States, although not lower than in other parts of the world.

Adolescent↗