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Biomedical subjects

H Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to H Nishimura.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Kinetics of hydrolysis of amide and anilide substrates of p-guanidino-L-phenylalanine by bovine and porcine trypsins.

The rates of hydrolysis of N alpha-benzoyl-p-guanidino-L-phenylalaninamide (Bz-GPA-NH2) and N alpha-substituted p-nitroanilides (pNA) of GPA (benzyloxycarbonyl(Z)-GPA-pNA, benzoyl(Bz)-GPA-pNA and acetyl(Ac)-GPA-pNA) by bovine and porcine trypsins were compared with those of arginine (Arg) substrates. The amide type substrates of GPA were hydrolyzed as fast as those of Arg by the two enzymes with much the same kcat/Km values, though significant differences were found between the kcat and Km values of GPA derivatives and those of Arg derivatives. The kinetic behavior of porcine trypsin toward GPA substrates was almost the same as that of the bovine enzyme. The ratio of the kcat value for Bz-GPA-OEt to that for Bz-GPA-NH2 was much larger than that for the ester to amide substrates of arginine, suggesting that the conformational change of the active site of trypsin induced by a benzene ring in the side chain of Bz-GPA-OEt specifically increases the velocity of the deacylation process of the ester substrate. Remarkably low values of both kcat and Km were found for the tryptic hydrolysis of Z-GPA-pNA and Ac-GPA-pNA, as well as on that of Bz-GPA-pNA (Tsunematsu, H., et al. (1983) J. Biochem. 94, 123-128). Z-GPA-pNA is the best substrate for the two trypsins among the three N alpha-substituted anilide substrates of GPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amides↗
PubMed1985

Endocrine control of renal handling of solutes and water in vertebrates.

Hormones influence renal function by both extrarenal and intrarenal mechanisms. Extrarenal mechanisms include the effects through systemic hemodynamic and neural pathways, whereas intrarenal mechanisms can be largely divided into the effects on intrarenal hemodynamics and those on tubular transport epithelia. Neurohypophysial hormones and the renin-angiotensin system appear to act primarily on systemic and preglomerular vasculature in primitive vertebrates, while direct tubular action appears to have evolved at a later stage of phylogeny. Although aldosterone is an essential hormone for fluid mineral balance in mammals, the action of mineralocorticoids on tubular Na transport has not been established in nonmammalian tetrapods. In bony fishes in hyperosmotic environments, cortisol accelerates active Na extrusion from the gill. In contrast, prolactin is important for maintaining low osmotic water permeability of the transport epithelia in fishes in hypoosmotic media. Thus, both function and site of hormone action appear to have changed during the evolution of vertebrates interacting with changing environments, and in response to the demands from other bodily functions. Furthermore, evolution of interactions, at the cellular level, between systemic and locally formed hormones such as prostaglandins, kinins, and perhaps angiotensin may have developed more elaborate controlling systems of renal handling of solutes and water.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by facial mimetic movement.

Temporary tinnitus and/or hearing loss elicited by contraction of facial mimetic muscles are often observed on the affected side in patients recovering from facial nerve paralysis and in those with facial spasm. In order to clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, changes in auditory threshold and middle ear compliance during voluntary contraction of mimetic muscles were investigated. The results suggest that this type of tinnitus and/or hearing loss is due to nonacoustic contraction of the stapedial muscle synchronous with contraction of mimetic muscles.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1985

Biological effect of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs present in the oil causing yusho and yu-cheng.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily given orally for 22 days a regimen consisting of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated quaterphenyls (PCQs), 1 mg/day; polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 10 micrograms/day; or a mixture of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs (Mix-1, 1 mg + 1 mg + 10 micrograms/day). Female Cynomolgus monkeys were daily administered PCBs (5 mg), PCQs (5 mg) or a mixture (Mix-2) containing 5 mg PCBs + 20 micrograms PCDFs for 20 weeks. The PCBs, and PCDFs had the components of PCBs, PCQs and PCDFs similar to those contained in Japanese yusho oils, respectively. The PCB-treated rats and monkeys showed hepatic hypertrophy, immunosuppression and increased drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes, but were devoid of the dermal symptoms characteristic of yusho. PCQs caused an increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in hepatic microsomes and immunosuppression in monkeys, but these effects were much smaller than those found with PCBs treatment. On the other hand, treatment with PCDF or Mix-1 or Mix-2 caused hypertrophy of the liver, immunosuppression, increase in drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of hepatic microsome to much greater extent than observed with PCBs, being more than 100 times as effective as PCBs. In addition PCDFs and the mixtures containing PCDFs caused weight loss and thymic atrophy. PCDFs and Mix-2-treated monkeys showed the dermal symptoms that are characteristic of yusho patients but were not observed in monkeys treated with PCBs and PCQs alone. These results suggest that PCDFs are the primary causative agent of yusho.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[The present status of tumor markers in malignant ovarian tumor].

Various serological data comprising 25 items were analyzed on 152 cases of malignant ovarian tumor and 124 cases of bening ovarian tumor. The results revealed that some differences were observed for of these 25 items between both benign and malignant tumors, and especially TPA, CA-125, etc comprised remarkable differences. On recent 99 cases examined for all these items, a synthetic judgment was passed in combination with these serological data. The results suggested that malignant diagnosis can most likely be established for more than 5 item-positivity.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

Clinical diversity in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is a unique T-cell cancer first described in Japan. We estimate that more than 200 patients a year have been detected in Kyushu. The surface phenotype of ATL cells characterized by monoclonal antibodies is T3+, T4+, T8-, T11+, and Tac+. In all cases the serum is positive for anti-human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus (HTLV-I) antibodies and the ATL cells contain the proviral DNA of HTLV-I. Variations in the clinical features of atypical cases suggest a division of the spectrum of ATL into five types: acute (prototypic), chronic, smoldering, crisis, and lymphoma. Screening of the sera from healthy adults for presence of the anti-HTLV-I antibodies revealed that 3.6% of healthy individuals in Kumamoto Prefecture, which is located in the middle of Kyushu, were HTLV-I carriers. The percentage of positivity increased with age and was higher in females than in males. It varied from town to town, ranging from 0 to 17.6%. Family studies showed that the routes of natural infection of HTLV-I are from mother to child and also from husband to wife. The third route is blood transfusion. The borderline between the healthy carrier state and smoldering ATL remains unclear. In the endemic areas smoldering ATL is frequently diagnosed in patients with fungus infection of the skin, chronic lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonitis, chronic renal failure, and strongyloidiasis. In addition our experiences with a concurrence of lymphoma-type ATL in three sisters and spontaneous remissions in a patient with chronic ATL are cited.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in ovarian tumors].

The value of IAP was measured in 64 patients with ovarioncus. The results obtained were as follows: The value of IAP in patients with malignant ovarioncus increased with the clinical progress of the disease. There was, however, no significant difference between the value in patients with malignant tumor in stage I or II and those with benign tumor. Therefore, the value has little usefulness for early diagnosis. In tissue typing of malignant ovarioncus, IAP was not positive in the case of intimoidal cancer, but it was almost on the same level in other cases. In terms of the relationship between IAP and plasma proteins or the immune index involved in various kinds of cancers, the value was closely correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and levels of CRP and mucoprotein, but not with the level of CEA, the LDH isozyme M/H ratio, or WBC and PPD skin reaction. Regardless of whether the tumor was benign or malignant, the value transiently increased postoperatively and then gradually decreased. Prognosis was poor in most cases with malignant ovarioncus, where the level of IAP remained high or rose again postoperatively. The level of serum IAP was almost correlated with the progress of the disease and is therefore useful as a marker in making a prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1985

[Studies of immunological function in patients with ovarian cancer].

Immunological function in patients with ovarian cancer was studied using parameters including peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte subsets, PHA-induced lymphoproliferative (PHA-LP) reaction, PPD skin test and immunoglobulin levels. The following results were obtained: The number of total lymphocytes, T cells (OKT 11+) and B cells (OKIa 1+) in peripheral blood were found to be decreased in patients with advanced carcinoma. The positive rate of PPD skin test was also lower in the patients. OKT8+ cells were significantly increased in the disseminated carcinoma (DC) group and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio in the DC group was markedly decreased when the results were compared with the control and the patients in the localized carcinoma (LC) group. PHA-LP reaction and serum IgM level in the patients in the LC and DC groups were found to be significantly lower than in the control group. The percentage of T cell (OKT11+), serum IgG and IgA levels were not altered in any clinical stage of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1985

Three-year survey of the epidemiology of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and some small spherical viruses including "Osaka-agent" associated with infantile diarrhea.

Studies were made by electron microscopy (EM) on the viruses associated with diarrhea of outpatients at a pediatric clinic in Osaka Prefecture during the three year period from 1980 through 1982. The viruses detected by EM by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were classified morphologically into 6 groups: rotavirus, adenovirus and four kinds of small spherical viruses, calicivirus, astrovirus, picornavirus/parvovirus (P/P)-like agent and Osaka-agent. Osaka-agent seems to be a newly identified small virus. It is 35-40 nm in diameter with a fringe of spike-like structures on its surface. Viruses were detected in 181 of the 395 cases of diarrhea (45.8%). Rotavirus was detected in 122 (30.9%) of the total cases and in 67.4% of the virus-positive cases, while other viruses were detected in 15% of the total cases; adenovirus in 23 (6%) and small agents in 36 (9%). Rotavirus infection showed a distinctive seasonal variation, being mainly restricted to cooler months, but infections with other viruses did not show any seasonal variation. The age distribution of patients suggested that infants of 0 to 2 years old are very susceptible to all viruses. Attempts to cultivate these viruses in vitro were successful with only two isolates of adenovirus type 5.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide and its relation to indoor and outdoor air quality.

An estimating equation of annual geometric average of personal NO2 exposure was proposed. The average could be calculated from three variables, that is, personal NO2 exposures in one winter and one summer month and ratio of winter period in a year. Ten housewives living in Suginami Ward, a residential area in Tokyo, were chosen as subjects of this study. They were asked to measure daily averages of the personal NO2 exposures with a filter badge. Measurements were performed on consecutive seven days in every month from January to December of 1982 for a total of 84 samples per person. Their activities, the amount of fuel consumption and other living conditions were recorded at the same time. Outdoor NO2 concentrations and maximum, minimum and average temperatures were also measured at the center of their living area. The personal NO2 exposure and its seasonal variation were found to depend mainly on the type of space heaters, frequency of ventilation fan usage in a kitchen, and the amount of fuel consumption.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

A comparative study on the health effects of smoking and indoor air pollution in summer and winter.

This study was performed by a comparison between summer and winter for the purpose of demonstration the actual conditions of health effects of indoor air pollution with special reference to NO2 and smoking, on the subjects composed of 820 school children and their 546 mothers in the two areas with different ambient NO2 concentrations. In either case, examination was carried out with standardized questionnaire test for respiratory symptoms, personal NO2 exposure measurement using the filter badge by Yanagisawa, and analysis of urinary hydroxyproline and creatinine in two areas with different ambient NO2 levels. Personal NO2 exposure level in winter season was 2-3 times higher than that in summer, particularly NO2 level among residents living in homes with non-vented stove for space heating was substantially higher from those of residents with vented stove. Wives with vented stove had a moderate exposure level in winter season by the contribution of NO2 originated from the kitchen and poor ventilation rate. Since the hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio (HOP-ratio) of children increased more, their household location were nearer to any heavy traffic roads in summer, health effects from automobile exhaust were suggested only in summer season. In summer season, personal NO2 exposure level were almost the same with the ambient NO2 concentrations over both areas. These results suggest that indoor air pollution in winter season may be separated from outdoor air pollution. It was a matter of course that hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio in winter season was higher than that in summer, in any group and in any area, but the range of variation of hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio was smaller by far than that of personal NO2 exposure level. Judging from urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio, health effects of active smoking and passive smoking increased with increasing the number of smoked, dose-dependently in any season. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio had significant relation to either NO2 and active or passive smoking, but personal NO2 exposure level had no relation to cigarette smoking. NO2 and cigarette smoke were seemed to make hydroxyproline to creatinine ratio increase, independently each other.

Air Pollution↗