Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to H Nielsen.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Plasma separation in patients with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E.

The effect of intensive plasma separation performed eight times within 5 weeks in four patients with atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E was followed as regards clinical symptoms and changes in the concentrations of serum (S) IgE, S IgG, S IgA, S IgM, plasma complement C3 split products, S transferrin, blood eosinophils, chemotaxis of neutrophil cells and histamine metabolites in urine in samples obtained consecutively during the period of observation. The occurrence of circulating immune complexes (IC) was analysed by a polyclonal rheumatoid factor (pRF) agglutination inhibition assay and an IgE IC specific technique. IgE IC were demonstrated in three of the patients prior to plasma separation, complexed IgE was 2-3% of the total concentration of S IgE. In one patient complexes were detected by the pRF agglutination inhibition assay, also. In the three patients with IgE IC, the complexes disappeared during treatment, but recurred in two of the patients shortly after the last plasma separation. Shortly after eight separations the S IgE was reduced in all patients to a mean level of 46% of the pre-exchange concentrations. During the following 3 weeks the relative increase of S IgE in three of the patients was similar to the values obtained for S IgG. Serum IgG was subnormal in all patients during the period of treatment. Increasing numbers of eosinophils were observed in three of the patients after the fifth separation procedure. The histamine metabolite 1,4-methylimidazoleacetic (1,4- MIAA ) in urine was increased in all patients, but no significant changes were observed during the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Determination of IgE-containing immune complexes in human sera. Evaluation of polyethylene glycol precipitation of monomeric and complex IgE and of the detectability of IgE in the complexes.

We studied the polyethylene (PEG) precipitability of monomeric human IgE, and of human IgE artificially complexed with rabbit anti-human IgE. At conditions where precipitation of monomeric IgE did not occur, from 0.2 to 20% of the complexed IgE was precipitated. The PEG precipitability of the complexes was inversely related to the IgE/anti-IgE ratio used for preparation of the complexes. From 1.5 to 19.2% of the IgE in the redissolved precipitates could be detected by use of a two-site IgE immunoradiometric assay, the percentage being highest for complexes formed at equivalence. We conclude that exact quantitation of circulating IgE immune complexes (IC) probably is impossible by any PEG precipitation assay. However, the optimized assay was found to be useful for identification of IgE IC in sera with total IgE concentrations below 5,000 U/ml. IgE IC were found in 5/20 sera from patients with Felty's syndrome, in 5/39 sera from patients with extrinsic allergy and high levels of specific IgE, and in 1/17 sera from immunized wasp allergics. No IgE IC were found in 20 normal human sera.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1984

Sulpiride versus haloperidol, a clinical trial in schizophrenia. A preliminary report.

Sixteen out of 25 hebephrenic and paranoid schizophrenic patients completed a double-blind cross-over study with sulpiride and haloperidol. The patient sample was relatively chronic: Median age was 35 years (range 26-53 years), median duration of illness 10 years (4-35 years), and median duration of neuroleptic treatment 5 years (1-28 years). Each patient was treated with sulpiride/haloperidol in random order for 12 weeks with a drug-free period before each treatment phase. Mean total BPRS (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) score was reduced from 25 to 15 (P less than 0.05) during sulpiride (800-2800 mg/day, median 1600 mg/day), and from 28 to 15 (P less than 0.01) during haloperidol (6-18 mg/day, median 12). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to total BPRS score, single items or symptom clusters. However, in a few, very "chronic", disturbed, and long-term treated patients, haloperidol appeared more beneficial than sulpiride. Autonomic side effects and parkinsonism tended to occur more frequently during haloperidol than during sulpiride, but no significant differences were found. It is concluded that sulpiride, a specific dopamine-2 receptor blocker, has antipsychotic effect, not significantly different from haloperidol, but may produce slightly less side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A study of certain functional parameters of monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma: comparison with monocytes from healthy individuals.

Selected functions (i.e. phagocytosis and chemotaxis of circulating blood monocytes were studied on cells obtained from 20 patients with untreated multiple myeloma (MM) and the results were compared with those obtained on cells from 60 healthy persons. The mean number of circulating monocytes was only slightly increased over the normal value although a marked monocytosis was demonstrated in all of the 4 patients with M-components of the lambda light chain type. Plasma cells isolated from peripheral blood and from bone marrow of patients with MM were found to possess a strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity. No differences were observed in the phagocytic activity of monocytes from patients compared with those of the controls, whereas the chemotactic responsiveness of the monocytes from the patients was slightly increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Human blood monocyte function in relation to age.

The human blood monocyte function in relation to age has been studied in 60 healthy persons (age range 24-94 years). No differences between females and males were seen. The number of phagocytized Candida albicans per monocyte decreased with ageing (greater than 70 years). Peripheral blood monocyte count, pinocytosis, phagocytosis of latex beads, chemotactic responsiveness and intracellular killing of Candida albicans were independent of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

CdTe-detector registration of 99mTc-DTPA clearance. An assessment of kidney function without blood sampling.

Since the most essential function of the kidneys is to regulate the composition and volume of the extracellular fluids the ratio of the extracellular volume (ECV) to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) seems to be a relevant index of kidney function. This ratio is equal to the mean transit time (t) of an injected ECV-distributed tracer that is exclusively eliminated from the body by glomerular filtration. In 26 patients t was estimated by means of standard methods after an intravenous injection of 99mTc-DTPA and was found to be correlated (r = 0.98) to the reciprocal final slope of the time-activity curve obtained by means of small CdTe-detectors pasted laterally on the crus, 10-12 cm below the knee joint. It is concluded that this external measurement of kidney function, without blood sampling, may shorten the usual procedure from 4 to 1 h. Furthermore, due to the constant detection geometry throughout the investigation it may provide the means for prolonged continuous monitoring of the kidney function at steady state and when rapid changes are expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.

Human blood monocytes were incubated in vitro with ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin at clinically relevant concentrations and were subsequently tested for chemotactic responsiveness in a modified Boyden chamber with zymosan-activated serum as the chemotactic agent. Ibuprofen and naproxen inhibited monocyte chemotaxis at concentrations above 25 micrograms/ml. The inhibition was dose dependent and a 50% inhibition (ID50) was seen at 70 and 62 micrograms/ml, respectively. Indomethacin inhibited monocyte chemotaxis at concentrations above 1 microgram/ml, but never reached ID50. It is concluded that the suppression of blood monocyte migration (ID50) is not a general property of all nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Cerebral abscess in children.

During the period 1935 to 1976 200 patients with cerebral abscess were referred to the University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. Among them 48 were children (less than 15 years), i.e. 24%. Fourteen of the children had multiple abscesses. Ear-, nose- or throat infections were the source of infection in 42% of the cases. Seven of the children had congenital heart disease. The clinical manifestations are described. The risk of lumbar puncture in these patients is emphasized by the fact, that three of them incarcerated during the procedure. Changing neuroradiological methods, affording limited differential diagnostic accuracy, have now been replaced by computed tomography. The most common surgical methods were primary excision or aspiration. The overall mortality rate was 33%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The analgesic effect of the GABA-agonist THIP in patients with chronic pain of malignant origin. A phase-1-2 study.

Fourteen patients with chronic pain of malignant origin were treated with escalating doses of THIP intramuscularly 5-30 mg in an open phase 1 study. Analgesic activity was demonstrated in 60% of the patients at the level of 20 mg THIP and a dose response relation was present. Side effects, sedation, dizziness, euphoria, nausea, and blurred vision were present in up to 80% of the patients and were dose limiting. The maximum serum concentration was reached within 1 h after dosing in 87% of all administrations. Mean t1/2 was 1.52 +/- 0.63 h and the clearance was 0.49 +/- 0.181 min. Significant correlations were demonstrated between serum concentration, dose of THIP, analgesic effect and side effects. It is concluded that THIP cannot be used for the treatment of chronic cancer pain, not because of insufficient analgesic effect but because of unacceptable side effects.

Adult↗