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Biomedical subjects

H Neuhaus

Publications and source records attributed to H Neuhaus.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of N-butylscopolamine on sphincter of Oddi motility in patients during routine ERCP--a manometric study.

N-butylscopolamine is a generally accepted drug for the suppression of gut motility. Although it is used during routine ERCP, only few systematic studies have been carried out in patients to investigate its action on sphincter of Oddi motility. In the present study the effect of N-butylscopolamine on the motility of the sphincter of Oddi region has been evaluated in 17 patients undergoing routine diagnostic ERCP. The pressure parameters of these patients were compared with "normal values" obtained in 23 volunteers. A dose of 40 mg of N-butylscopolamine bromide (Buscopan) i.v. significantly reduced the contraction frequency of the sphincter of Oddi from 5.4 +/- 1.2/min to 1.0 +/- 1.4/min (p less than 0.001), the contraction amplitude from 106.3 +/- 27.8 mmHg to 55.2 +/- 23.5 (p less than 0.01) mmHg, and the basal sphincter of Oddi pressure from 13.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg to 11.0 +/- 3.5 mmHg (p less than 0.05), but had no effect on the pressure gradient between the common bile duct and the duodenum. These results clearly demonstrate that N-butylscopolamine inhibits contractions of the sphincter of Oddi, and may thus facilitate the intubation of the papilla.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Electromagnetic shock-wave lithotripsy of gallbladder calculi. Multicentered preliminary report on experience with 276 patients.

The Lithostar Working Group reports on the first 276 patients who underwent lithotripsy of biliary calculi by means of an electromagnetic Lithotriptor (Lithostar Plus from Siemens). Some 66% (183/276) and 27% (75/276) of the patients had solitary and two or three stones, respectively while 7% (18/276) had more than three gallbladder calculi. Calcified calculi were found in 11% of the patients. On an average the patients were treated in 1.6 (range 1.4-2.15) sessions; with the exception of one user the maximal energy (setting 9) was applied. The upper limit of shock waves per session was 1500-6000 (x = 2189 +/- 1058). 17% and 48% of the patients were free from calculi after 3 and 6 months, respectively. During the follow-up period 14% of the patients complained of severe biliary pain and 1.5% suffered from pancreatitis, which was controlled by conservative treatment. In three out of five patients with a transitory cholestatic jaundice endoscopic papillotomy was necessary. Four patients underwent an elective cholecystectomy. Considering the selection of the patients, the results obtained are comparable with those found in other studies.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1990

[Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy of pancreatic calculi].

Extracorporeal shock-wave fragmentation of pancreatic stones is a complementary non-surgical treatment in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis. The procedure has proven to be safe and technically effective. Preliminary clinical results indicate therapeutic success rates in terms of pain disappearance or reduction in more than 90% of the patients. The indication should be taken into consideration before surgical intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Preventing the recurrence of common bile duct calculi following endoscopic papillotomy with ursodeoxycholic acid].

The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on recurrence prevention of choledochal calculi after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) was evaluated in 46 patients, whose bile duct stones had been removed endoscopically. 22 patients received 500 mg of ursodeoxycholic acid once a day, 24 patients received placebo. 1 recurrent stone could be detected in the ursodeoxycholic acid treated group 19 months after EPT, whereas 4 recurrent stones occurred in the placebo group about 16 months after EPT. Cholesterol saturation index decreased significantly by the ursodeoxycholic acid treatment 12 and 24 months after EPT (0.93 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.69 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.07). The nucleation time increased statistically significant from 9.0 days to 20.4 (12 months) and 17.7 (24 months) days, respectively. Obviously, pharmacological effects of ursodeoxycholic acid exist which modify important processes in the gallstone's pathogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Structure and expression of a split chloroplast gene from mustard (Sinapis alba): ribosomal protein gene rps16 reveals unusual transcriptional features and complex RNA maturation.

The mustard chloroplast gene rps16 is split by an 887 bp group II (or III) intron. Three RNA 5' ends upstream of the rps16 coding region define both the transcription start site and two RNA processing sites. The DNA region preceding the start site contains a procaryotic-type "-10" promoter element, but not a typical "-35" element. One single RNA 3' end has been detected downstream from the rps16 coding region, but it is not in close proximity to any inverted repeat that might serve as a termination signal. Northern analysis has revealed several rps16 transcripts ranging in size from 1.6 kb to 0.5 kb. During seedling development, transcript levels show an initial increase and then remain constant without much difference between seedlings grown under light or in the dark.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Self-expanding biliary stents: preliminary clinical experience.

Nine self-expanding metallic stents were implanted in 7 patients to relieve biliary obstruction. One patient had a benign stricture and 6 patients had malignant stenoses. The stent was inserted percutaneously on a 7 F delivery catheter in 6 patients. Endoscopic transpapillary implantation was performed in one patient. After release the stent expanded to a diameter of 8-10 mm. The correct position was checked by fluoroscopy and cholangiography. In addition, percutaneous cholangioscopy was carried out in 6 patients. No complications were observed within 30 days. Clinical improvement was seen in all patients. After a mean follow-up period of 11 weeks (range: 3-17) 6 of the 7 patients are still alive with no evidence of biliary reobstruction. One patient died of disseminated malignancy. The initial results are promising. The wide-bore diameter, the macroporous configuration and the small surface area of the implanted self-expanding stents would seem to be associated with lower rates of infection, clogging and migration as compared with conventional endoprostheses. Further trials are warranted to determine the future role of self-expanding stents in biliary obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Endoscopic tumor therapy.

In palliative biliary tumor treatment, various methods achieve relief of symptoms owing to adequate bile drainage. Endoscopically placed endopros-theses are suitable for the majority of patients with malignant biliary stenoses. However, migration and clogging of stents frequently impair the success of therapy. Tumor debulking by laser therapy or intraluminal irradiation and endoscopically controlled implantation of self-expanding biliary stents with a large diameter and a small surface area may improve the long-term results. Peroral or percutaneous cholangioscopy facilitate the application and the follow-up checks of these recently developed methods. Endoscopy of the biliary tree is warranted to determine the future role of the various strategies in biliary tumor therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Type I-like intervening sequences are found in the rDNA of the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides.

The intervening sequences in the large ribosomal RNA gene of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum show many similarities to the type I insertions, previously found only in some insect species. They include structural features, but also a presumed transcriptional inactivity in vivo: No transcript of the rDNA intervening sequence in A. lumbricoides could be detected in Northern and dot blot hybridizations. However, the primary structure of the Pol I promoter region is well conserved in interrupted and uninterrupted genes. Moreover, genes with an intervening sequence are correctly initiated in a whole-cell in vitro extract from Ascaris oogonia. Hence, the presence of the intervening sequence alone does not seem to account for a transcriptional inhibition in rRNA genes. As with the type I insertions of insect rDNA, some copies of the A. lumbricoides intervening sequence are also present in locations outside the rDNA cluster. About 50% of the extraribosomal copies are found in a repetitive sequence of the genome, and additional copies are inserted in unique sequences. These striking analogies to type I insertions are discussed, and lead to the conclusion that the two phenomena are undoubtedly related. This is the first report proving the presence of a type I-like insertion element outside of the class Insecta.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Localization of the in vivo and in vitro transcription initiation site and comparative analysis of the flanking sequences in the two main size classes of Ascaris lumbricoides rDNA.

An accurate in vitro transcription system which utilizes the cloned 8.8 and 8.4 kb size classes of Ascaris rRNA genes (pAlr8 and pAlr13) and two kinds of cellular extracts from Ascaris oogonia has been established. Both rDNA containing plasmids are efficiently transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase I from a unique site of rDNA which corresponds to the in vivo initiation site. The in vitro transcription product has a triphosphorylated 5'-end and starts on a G localized 414 bp (pAlr8) upstream of the beginning of the mature 18S rRNA. The promoter region has been delimited by testing the in vitro template activity of a series of restriction fragments. The region essential for the accuracy of initiation is contained within nucleotides -72 to +65, but full efficiency of transcription requires the additional presence of the region from nucleotides +66 to +84. The sequences upstream from position -72 do not appear to modulate the efficiency of specific in vitro initiation. Furthermore, the sequences flanking the transcription initiation site from position -1500 to +570 have been determined in the two cloned representatives of the two rDNA main size classes.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The chloroplast tRNALys(UUU) gene from mustard (Sinapis alba) contains a class II intron potentially coding for a maturase-related polypeptide.

The trnK gene endocing the tRNALys(UUU) has been located on mustard (Sinapis alba) chloroplast DNA, 263 bp upstream of the psbA gene on the same strand. The nucleotide sequence of the trnK gene and its flanking regions as well as the putative transcription start and termination sites are shown. The 5' end of the transcript lies 121 bp upstream of the 5' tRNA coding region and is preceded by procaryotic-type "-10" and "-35" sequence elements, while the 3' end maps 2.77 kb downstream to a DNA region with possible stemloop secondary structure. The anticodon loop of the tRNALys is interrupted by a 2,574 bp intron containing a long open reading frame, which codes for 524 amino acids. Based on conserved stem and loop structures, this intron has characteristic features of a class II intron. A region near the carboxyl terminus of the derived polypeptide appears structurally related to maturases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗