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Biomedical subjects

H Nahum

Publications and source records attributed to H Nahum.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Pulmonary involvement in Behcet disease.

The radiologic appearance of pulmonary involvement in six cases of Behcet disease is described. Chest radiographs in five patients showed infiltrates and/or rounded opacities followed by excavation in two cases and by pleural rupture in one. Repeat chest films on four of these five patients 3 weeks to 9 months after diagnosis showed resolution of the infiltrates and the subpleural opacities. The other findings from chest radiography in three patients were rounded or lobulated opacities near the hila. Four of the six patients underwent pulmonary angiography, which in all cases showed wide-spread occlusions of pulmonary arteries, accompanied in three cases by segmental or lobular pulmonary artery aneurysms corresponding to the proximal opacities visible on the plain films. Two of the three patients who displayed pulmonary artery aneurysms died of massive hemoptysis 3 and 13 months after angiography. In the third patient, progress under medical treatment was favorable; chest film 10 months after treatment started showed complete resolution of the aneurysms. Repeat angiogram also showed partial recanalization of the occluded arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Static radiological measurements of lower limb deformities (author's transl)].

A new method is described which employs three angular components for complete definition of lower limb deformities. These three angles can be the three static angles observed in two large films, anteroposterior and profile, of the two lower limbs (flexion-recurvation, varus-valgus, axial rotation). A more precise definition of the deformity is the rotation of the oblique axis which transforms a normal lower limb (the other side if it is healthy) into a deformed one. In this concept, two angles determine the axis, another angle defining the rotation around this axis. The technique is described and the theory exposed, simple cases being able to be resolved by pure geometry, the matricial theory enabling data processing of other cases by means of a pocket calculator.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

[Hodgkin's disease revealed by an esophagotracheal fistula (author's transl)].

The authors report the first published case of an esophagotracheal fistula revealing the presence of Hodgkin's disease. Esophagotracheal fistula is a very rare complication of this disease, as only about twenty cases were found in the literature, but all these patients had known Hodgkin's disease and had received mediastinal irradiation. Radiotherapy has therefore an adjuvant role, but this case clearly illustrates that these fistulae are mainly the consequence of phenomena that are also extremely rare: necrotic adenopathies, esophageal and tracheal localizations. Biopsy was possibly negative in these cases because of the very necrotic nature of the lesions. The prognosis is poor.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Bronchial arteriography in the localization and treatment of haemoptysis. Report of 34 observations (author's transl)].

34 bronchial arteriograms were performed in 34 patients over two years. The authors tried to assess the value of this technique in the localization and treatment of haemoptysis. The study confirms the excellent results which are obtained immediately by selective embolisation to achieve haemostasis in severe cases of haemoptysis studied acutely (12 out of 14 cases). The value of arteriography was mediocre when used to localize the lesion (12 times out of 31 assessable cases). Accordingly the authors currently limit bronchial arteriography to those cases where embolisation is indicated and cases in which previous investigation had failed to yield a cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Lower limb length measurement. Precision orthoradiographic methods (author's transl)].

The precision of the Bell-Thompson method for measuring lower limb length can be considerably improved by three simple additional procedures: estimating the distance between the anatomical plane and the examination table; marking the diaphragm opening area on the film; automatically correcting errors due to projection conicity and obliqueness of the segment measured by means of a programmable pocket calculator.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Selective arterial embolization for haemorrhages complicating hip surgery. One case (author's transl)].

In a patient undergoing re-operation on the hip, the severity and repetition of haemorrhages despite successive blood transfusions led to therapeutic angiography. Angiography of the renal artery pinpointed the bleeding areas: pools of extravasated blood were found along the distal branches of the superior gluteal artery and the ascending branch of the posterior circumflex artery. Selective catheterization and embolization of these two vessels resulted in complete and permanent haemostasis. Arterial embolization, already widely used for post-traumatic haemorrhages, can therefore be applied to the haemorrhagic complications of orthopedic surgery. Provided it is sufficiently selective, the risks of extensive necrosis are non-existent.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Portal hypertension, size of esophageal varices, and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in alcoholic cirrhosis.

We studied the relationship between the degree of portal hypertension measured by the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures, the size of esophageal varices, and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding in a series of 100 unselected patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The degree of portal hypertension was not different in patients with no visible, in those with small-sized, and in those with large-sized, esophageal varices. The degree of portal hypertension was not different in patients without and with gastrointestinal bleeding, whether the source of hemorrhage was ruptured varices or acute gastric erosions. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, whether due to ruptured varices or acute gastric erosions, was significantly higher in patients with large-sized, than in those with no visible or small-sized, esophageal varices. It is concluded that, in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, (a) the degree of portal hypertension has no predictive value for the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and (b) large-sized esophageal varices are associated with a high risk of occurrence or recurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding and could be taken into account for a better selection of patients for portacaval shunt.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1980

[Computer tomography changes in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

An attempt is made to evaluate the semiological data supplied by computer tomography, following its use on several occasions in 4 patients with multiple sclerosis. Three known signs in the encephalic forms are defined: cerebral atrophy, low density plates of sclerosis that do not take up the contrast medium, and those that do. These localized lesions are distinguished by their frequent multiplicity, often periventricular location, and absence of a mass effect. The semiological value of these signs involves discussion on the poor results of statistical evaluation, the significance of histology examination results, which are still being studied, and more particularly the variability, the best evidence of which seems to be the beginning and/or the changes occurring in contrast medium uptake. To this major diagnostic argument can be added the discovery of multilocular lesions which are sometimes present without clinical manifestations. Computer tomography is an essential procedure for establishing the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, avoiding numerous valueless arteriographies, is a fundamental method for early positive diagnosis, and perhaps an element for establishing prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Determination of effective atomic number and electronic density by computed tomography with dual energies. Application to the thalamus (author's transl)].

The authors have studied seven thalamic hyperdense lesions of five patients in managing, at the same level, successively two scans with a computer tomograph at two different energies. After they recall their methodology of testing their C.T. and computations, they have found the effective atomic number and the electron density of these lesions. All (one Fahr disease and six old hemorrhages) have both high effective atomic number and electron density. They discuss the limits of this technic but they emphasize the great interest to see the chemical aspects of the structures observed in C.T.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1980

[Sternal locations of Hodgkins disease. A report on two cases (author's transl)].

Two cases of sternal lesions of Hodgkin's disease are reported. Location of the disease process in the sternum is rarely encountered but may occur at any stage of the affection. They are isolated and initially presenting lesions in exceptional cases only. Diagnosis is therefore difficult in these cases, as illustrated by the description of the first patient. Clinical and radiological signs are not specific and histological findings not easy to interpret. The bone lesions, which are of the lytic or mixed type, are associated with swelling of the anterior and posterior sternal soft tissue. This latter observation strongly suggests that these lesions are caused by spread from existing anterior mediastinal adenopathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Panlobular emphysema. Value of radiology to assess the need for surgery (author's transl)].

Surgical decompression in 12 patients with panlobular emphysema and severe respiratory insufficiency, over the last 5 years, gave encouraging postoperative results. Preoperative radiological examination results were well correlated with findings during operation. Signs of thoracic distention and diffuse peripheral hypovascularization were noted in all cases. Furthermore, at least on the affected side, all patients showed avascular zones presenting as large bullae or as bullous zones extending over at least half of the hemothorax region, and compression signs affecting the lung parenchyma, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. Radiological investigation is essential for assessing the need for operation, as it remains the only method which can demonstrate the part played by the bullae and the rest of the parenchyma in the alteration of respiratory function. Data can be obtained by standard radiological examinations with dynamic films on forced inspiration and expiration, and by computed tomography. However, pulmonary angiography gives a more precise evaluation of the vascularization of the remaining parenchyma, which is important when choosing the side to be operated upon, or that which should be operated upon first in cases of bilateral symmetrical lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Unilateral pulmonary edema, pneumopericardium and bronchial cancer (author's transl)].

Carcinoma of the bronchus was detected following the onset of cardiac rhythm disorders, and a pneumopericardium with associated, radiologically detected, unilateral pulmonary edema. The tumor extended mainly around the bronchus and in the mediastinum, and a bronchopericardial fistula was present together with invasion of the left auricle and pulmonary veins. Pneumopericardium is a rare lesion and it is exceptional to observe it during the course of bronchial cancer. The relationships between unilateral interstitial edema and tumoral obstruction of the ipsilateral pulmonary veins are discussed.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗