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Biomedical subjects

H Murata

Publications and source records attributed to H Murata.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Effects of NSAIDs on proliferation of gastric cancer cells in vitro: possible implication of cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer development.

The roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the development of gastric cancer are unknown. We investigated the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are specific and nonspecific inhibitors of COX-2, on proliferation of the gastric cancer cell lines KATOIII, MKN28, and MKN45. The protein level of COX-2 was examined in these cell lines by Western analysis, and mRNA levels of COX-1/2 by Northern analysis. These cell lines expressed comparable levels of COX-1 mRNA. However, mRNA and protein expression of COX-2 in these cell lines was different. MKN45 expressed higher levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein than KATOIII and MKN28. We also examined the effects of NS-398 and indomethacin, specific and nonspecific inhibitors of COX-2, on the increase in cell number and [3H]thymidine uptake of these cell lines. NS-398 and indomethacin suppressed proliferation of MKN45 cells that overexpressed COX-2, although they exerted minimal effects on proliferation of KATOIII and MKN28, which expressed lower levels of COX-2. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that COX-2 is expressed in certain groups of gastric cancers and is related to their cell proliferation. It was proposed that COX-2 plays an important role in development of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, NSAIDs may exert antiproliferative activity against gastric adenocarcinomas that overexpress COX-2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Bilateral spontaneous dissection of the posteroinferior cerebellar arteries: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Cervicocerebral arterial dissections occur when blood extrudes into the wall of an artery supplying the brain. The resulting intramural hematoma may compromise the lumen and cause an aneurysmal dilation. Dissecting aneurysms are now recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of strokes. They usually occur spontaneously or are associated with trivial trauma to the artery. A dissecting aneurysm of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is very rare, however. We present a case with ischemic episode and successive subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by bilateral dissection of the PICAs. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old man experienced sudden onset of cerebellar infarction that rapidly resulted in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed a typical pearl-and-string sign in the right PICA and an irregular stenosis in the left PICA. The patient died shortly after admission. Autopsy demonstrated bilateral dissection of the PICAs not involving the vertebral artery. CONCLUSION: The incidence of intracranial dissecting aneurysms most frequently occurs in the vertebral artery, but the PICA is only rarely involved, especially bilaterally. We are not aware of any other such case in the literature.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of the PyloriTek test for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in cases with and without eradication therapy.

OBJECTIVE: The accuracy of the PyloriTek test (a 1-h rapid urease test) used after eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has not been well clarified. This study was done to evaluate the accuracy of the PyloriTek test results for cases with and without eradication therapy, using culture and histology as gold standard methods, and to establish the suitable timing of the PyloriTek test after eradication treatment. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three patients undergoing upper endoscopy were randomly selected; 100 patients had not received eradication therapy and 63 had. Three biopsy specimens each were obtained from the gastric antrum and the body for examination by PyloriTek, culture, and histology. The absence of H. pylori was established with negative results from both culture and histology. RESULTS: In cases without eradication therapy, PyloriTek, correctly identified 66 of 67 H. pylori-positive cases and 30 of 33 H. pylori-negative cases, yielding 98.5% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity. In cases with eradication therapy, PyloriTek gave correct diagnoses in 10 of 17 H. pylori-positive cases and in 45 of 46 H. pylori-negative cases, for 58.8% sensitivity and 97.8% specificity. However, when PyloriTek was used more than 4 months after the end of eradication therapy, both the sensitivity and the specificity increased to 100%. CONCLUSION: Considering time and cost, the use of PyloriTek alone may be satisfactory for detecting H. pylori infection in cases without eradication therapy. When patients are examined more than 4 months after intervention, the use of PyloriTek alone may be sufficient for correctly diagnosing H. pylori infections.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1998

The advanced glycation endproduct, pentosidine, in the carpal ligament in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome undergoing hemodialysis: comparison with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a major complication that occurs in the musculoskeletal system in patients on long-term hemodialysis (HD). Pentosidine is an advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) and there is evidence that shows AGEs contribute to the pathogenesis of the complications in patients undergoing HD. The aim of this study is to investigate whether pentosidine accumulates in the carpal ligament in patients undergoing HD with CTS in comparison with idiopathic CTS. METHODS: Carpal ligaments and skin were obtained during surgery from 28 patients with CTS undergoing HD and 13 patients with idiopathic CTS (ID CTS). Pentosidine was measured by HPLC after hydrolysis of the samples, and amyloid deposits in the samples of HD CTS were examined histologically. RESULTS: Pentosidine levels in ligament and skin were significantly higher in HD CTS than ID CTS. On the other hand, there was no difference in pyridinoline which is a physical cross-link between HD and ID CTS. Amyloid deposits were observed in 14 ligament samples, whereas there was none in 14 other samples. There was no significant difference in pentosidine and pyridinoline in ligament, pentosidine in skin, duration of HD and serum beta2-microglobulin between the amyloid+ group and the amyloid- group. CONCLUSION: A greater concentration of pentosidine in the carpal ligament in HD patients compared with idiopathic patients suggests that an accumulation of AGEs contributes to one of the pathologies of occurrence of CTS in patients undergoing HD.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae.

The anti-HIV-1 activity of aromatic herbs in Labiatae was evaluated in vitro. Forty five extract from among 51 samples obtained from 46 herb species showed significant inhibitory effects against HIV-1 induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells. In particular, the aqueous extracts of Melissa officinalis, a family of Mentha x piperita "grapefruit mint," Mentha x piperita var. crispa, Ocimum basilicum cv "cinnamon," Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica and Satureja montana showed potent anti-HIV-1 activity (with an ED of 16 microg/ml). The active components in the extract samples were found to be water-soluble polar substances, not nonpolar compounds such as essential oils. In addition, these aqueous extracts inhibited giant cell formation in co-culture of Molt-4 cells with and without HIV-1 infection and showed inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1998

Resection hip arthroplasty for malignant pelvic tumor. Outcome in 5 patients followed more than 2 years.

We describe the technique and outcome of resection hip arthroplasty with external fixator for malignant pelvic tumors involving the innominate bone. We used the procedure in 5 patients, all followed for more than 2 years. 4 of the patients are alive and 1 died of pulmonary metastasis. None of the patients experienced local tumor recurrence or infection. Lower limb function in 3 of the 5 patients was more than 70% with Enneking's criteria (Enneking et al. 1993). These 3 patients could walk without support and passively flex the hip up to 90 degrees. This resection hip arthroplasty allows early weight bearing with hip motion. We believe it is an excellent alternative to other procedures, such as endoprosthetic replacement, reconstruction with allograft or arthrodesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[A modified method of cardiac functional analysis for ECG gated SPECT: study of functional G-maps].

To evaluate the cardiac function accurately using ECG gated SPECT images, we performed a modified method of cardiac functional analysis (Functional G-maps). One hour after the intravenous injection of 1,110 MBq of 99mTc-tetrofosmin, gated SPECT data was acquired dividing a cardiac cycle into 12 frames. Every short-axis images were usually reconstructed using first 11 of 12 frames. The reconstruction of these images was repeated performing slice thickness correction. Because the apex-to-base length is different at any frame during a cardiac cycle, 10 slices of short-axis images were obtained with the same thickness for each frame. Subsequently each short-axis image was divided by 40 radii, and the time activity curve was generated from the total counts included in each segment plus both neighboring segments. Afterwards the curve fitting was performed using the second reverse Fourier function. From fitted curves and their differentials, we estimated a variety of parameters including Max (End-systolic count), Min (End-diastolic count), %CI (Percent count increase), Uptake, PCR (Peak contraction rate), PDR (Peak distention rate) and CT (Contraction time). In 5 normal subjects, %Max was greater in the anterior and septal regions, whereas %Min was greater in the apex and lateral regions. %CI and %PCR were similarly greater in the septal, anterior and inferior regions. On the other hand, %PDR in the lateral or inferior region was lower than the values in the other regions. In conclusion, this modified method is expected to be useful for accurate assessment of regional cardiac function and myocardial perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Use of 99mTc-labeled myocardial perfusion agents in the Kanto-Koshinetsu area].

We sent out a questionnaire to investigate how the 99mTc-labeled myocardial perfusion agents are used in the Kanto-Koshinetsu area. Answers were obtained from 83 laboratories. Examinations using 99mTc-labeled agents were performed more frequently than those using 201T1 only in 10 of 83 laboratories. Main reasons for not using 99mTc-labeled agents were as follows: two injections required in the stress study, superiority of thallium-201 in the assessment of myocardial viability, a large amount of clinical data cumulated in thallium-201 imaging, and problems caused by abdominal uptake of 99mTc-labeled agents. Comparing purposes of the examinations using 201T1 and 99mTc-labeled agents, evaluation of myocardial viability was more common in 201Tl imaging, meanwhile, detection of myocardial ischemia was more common in imaging with 99mTc-labeled agents. It was pointed out that dual isotope imaging using 201Tl and 99mTc-labeled agents and simultaneous evaluation of myocardial perfusion and cardiac function are clinically feasible as new diagnostic procedures.

Heart↗
PubMed1998

How precisely do SPECT images reflect tracer uptake in myocardial infarction? A comparison of thallium-201 and technetium-99m using a myocardial phantom.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the count ratios of 201TI and 99mTc on SPECT images and the true radioactivity in a myocardial phantom to study how precisely SPECT images reflect tracer uptake in myocardial infarction. METHODS: A defect with 20%, 40% or 60% of normal myocardial radioactivity was placed in the anterior or inferior wall of a myocardial phantom to simulate myocardial infarction. Lung radioactivity was kept at 10% or 30% of normal myocardial radioactivity. The count ratio on short-axis SPECT images was calculated using the circumferential profile curve analysis. RESULTS: The count ratios of 201TI and 99mTc SPECT images with an anterior wall defect was lower than the true radioactivity in the phantom. The count ratio on SPECT images with the inferior wall defect was greater than the true radioactivity for the 20% and 40% defects and lower for the 60% defect. CONCLUSION: SPECT images overestimated decreased perfusion in the anterior wall. SPECT images underestimated decreased perfusion for 20% and 40% perfusion defects in the inferior wall.

Heart↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment outcome on 52 patients with 53 testicular germ cell tumors].

Between August 1983 and April 1996, 53 testicular germ cell tumors in 52 patients were treated at Toranomon Hospital. The average age of the patients was 36.1 years (range 21-89). The affected side was the right side in 24, left in 27 and bilateral in 1 case. Of the 53 tumors 34 (64.2%) were seminoma and 19 (35.8%) were non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). High ligation orchiectomy was performed in all cases. Of 29 stage I seminomas, post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in 6 cases prior to 1991. None of these tumors recurred. Two cases of relapses (8.7%) were found among the 23 stage I seminomas followed by surveillance. Of 8 stage I NSGCTs followed by surveillance, 4 (50.0%) tumors which contained embryonal carcinoma element and vascular invasion relapsed within 12 months after orchiectomy. A case of stage IIA seminoma was treated successfully by irradiation. Seven cases of stage II (3 seminomas and 4 NSGCTs) and 8 cases of stage III (1 seminoma and 7 NSGCTs) as well as cases of 6 stage I patients who developed relapse during surveillance were treated by VAB-6 chemotherapy. Of these 21 cases, 11 (52.4%) achieved complete response (CR) and 10 (47.6%) partial response (PR). Salvage surgery and/or additional chemotherapy was successful to bring the 10 PR cases into CR condition. One NSGCT patient, however, died of electrolyte imbalance during the maintenance chemotherapy for disease progression after achieving CR. All 34 patients with seminomas and 18 of the 19 with NSGCTs were alive without evidence of disease after a mean follow up period of 61.1 months (range 4-150 months).

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of clinical utility of 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy in the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions in patients with hyperparathyroidism--a report of multicenter phase III clinical trials].

Phase III clinical study in 78 patients with hyperparathyroidism was performed to determine clinical utility of 99mTc-MIBI in the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid lesions. Except slight tremor in one patient, no adverse events were reported. No abnormal changes in clinical laboratories or vital signs were noted. The clinical utility of the agent was evaluated in 70 patients. Out of 108 hyperfunctioning glands, 93 (86%) were detected with 99mTc-MIBI regardless of their histology, numbers, or location. Specifically, single or ectopic lesions were detected with high sensitivity (97% and 100%, respectively). Sensitivity in 53 glands with weight data was 79%, while 94% in 36 glands above 200 mg, which is extremely high compared to the 201T1-99mTc subtraction method. Specificity in a group of PHP patients with single adenoma who underwent surgery was 100% (63/63), though in case of coexistent thyroid disease obviously interfered parathyroid images. Our study indicates that 99mTc-MIBI is a safe and excellent agent for the localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues. Especially, the fact that 99mTc-MIBI detected ectopic glands with high specificity is a great advantage over the ultrasound or 201Tl-99mTc subtraction method.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Ploidy analysis in paraffin-embedded malignant fibrous histiocytoma by DNA cytofluorometry and flourescence in situ hybridization.

To prove the relationship between chromosomal aberration and DNA ploidy in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA cytofluorometry were performed in this study. For FISH study, the nucleus of each tumor cell was isolated from paraffin-embedded tissue of nine MFHs. Five chromosome-specific DNA probes (1p36, 1q12, 8q21.3, 11 centromere, and 17 centromere) were hybridized on cell nuclei. Cells with more than three probe signals were regarded as chromosome polysomy. All of the tumors analyzed by FISH had extra copies. The average percentage of polysomy in all tumors was high, ranging from 10.2% to 49.2%. The DNA ploidy patterns, and the percentage of hyperdiploid cells showing a greater DNA content than diploid cells, were obtained from DNA cytofluorometry. Three of nine were diploid patterns and six were non-diploid patterns, and the percentage of hyperdiploid cells in all tumors was high, ranging from 9.1% to 61.9%. The percentage of polysomy could be correlated with the percentage of hyperdiploid cells in each cell. In this study, we found that the DNA ploidy change was closely correlated with aberrations of chromosome copy number in MFH. In addition, the alterations of specific chromosome copy number could be detected in MFH showing diploid cells. Thus, these data indicate that FISH and DNA cytofluorometry are available as a cytogenetic tool for the analysis of interphase nuclei of bone and soft tissue tumors including MFH.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1997

TCR in Fas-sensitive T cells from labial salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Apoptosis is found in labial salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS). To analyze the pathogenesis of apoptosis in labial salivary glands of SS patients, we examined the expression of Fas Ag and Fas ligand (FasL) and TCR on T cells susceptible to anti-Fas mAbs (CH-11). Fas Ag is expressed on epithelial cells and mononuclear cells in the salivary glands as observed by an immunohistochemical method. FasL is over-expressed specifically on T cells infiltrating into the labial salivary glands as seen by an reverse transcription-PCR method. These results suggest that apoptosis in SS lips is mediated by a Fas/FasL pathway. PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) clearly demonstrated that more than 40% of the T cells accumulated in labial salivary glands are deleted by incubation with CH-11 for 24 h in vitro, indicating that these expanded cells are Fas sensitive. junctional sequence analysis showed that the same conserved amino acid motifs (LAGG, RLA, SLG, QGPG, PGG, GGE, RGR, KPG, AGD, and MLG) in complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) are found in Fas-sensitive T cell clones, whereas they are not detected in Fas-resistant clones, suggesting that Fas-sensitive T cells recognize restricted T cell epitopes on autoantigens. In conclusion, the findings suggest that Fas-sensitive T cells in labial salivary glands of SS patients are generated by Ag stimulation and might function as autoreactive T cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The determination of working time and gelation time of temporary soft lining materials.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish a new method for the determination of working time and gelation time of temporary soft lining materials using a displacement rheometer. METHOD: A displacement rheometer (The Dental School, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) was used to apply a rapid displacement of 0.25 mm held for 1 s at intervals of 60 s to samples of four temporary soft lining materials. Material displacement and elastic recovery at each test time was recorded. The test procedure was repeated three times at 23 degrees C and at 37 degrees C for each material. For one material, the displacement time was varied (1, 5, 10 s). The working time was defined as the time corresponding to the initial observation of elastic recovery at 23 degrees C. Gelation time was the time when a material achieved 95% of its maximum elastic recovery at 37 degrees C. Values were compared between materials using one-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test at the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The gelation rate of all materials increased with increasing temperature although the extent of this influence varied between materials. The development of elastic recovery in the materials during gelation accurately fitted asymmetric sigmoids. The correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.982 to 0.999. Statistically significant variations in both the working and gelation times of the test materials were established. The time of displacement affected both the rate of development of elasticity and the value of elastic recovery but this effect was only statistically significant when the displacement time was increased to 10 s. SIGNIFICANCE: The displacement rheometer may be suited for use as a standard test method for the determination of the working time, gelation time and elastic behavior of temporary soft lining materials.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1997

Dermal fibroblasts from venous ulcers are unresponsive to the action of transforming growth factor-beta 1.

Failure to reepithelialize is the major clinical problem in venous ulcers. It is not clear whether the problem resides with keratinocytes or with inadequate and improper formation of extracellular matrix. In this study, we characterized the biosynthetic activity and response to transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta) of dermal fibroblast cultures isolated from biopsies of venous ulcers and from normal thigh skin (controls) of seven patients. We found that baseline 3H-proline incorporation was similar in fibroblasts from venous ulcers and control skin (p= 0.1716). No difference was detected by ELISA between ulcer and control fibroblasts in the synthesis of total TGF-beta (p = 0.2309), and the mRNA levels for alpha 1(I) procollagen and TGF-beta were comparable in both groups. However, TGF-beta (0.1-5 ng/ml) enhanced collagen protein synthesis by more than 60% and in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.997) in control fibroblast cultures, while failing to stimulate collagen production by venous ulcer fibroblasts (p = 0.0001). This unresponsiveness to TGF-beta was associated with up to a fourfold decrease in TGF-beta Type II receptors. We conclude that fibroblasts from the edge of non-healing venous ulcers are unresponsive to the action of TGF-beta, and that this blunted response may cause faulty deposition of the extracellular matrix needed for reepithelialization and wound healing.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1997

The serotonin syndrome and psychosis-like side-effects of fluvoxamine clinical use--an estimation of incidence.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of the serotonin syndrome or serotonin-syndrome-like side effects during treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine should be evaluated. METHOD: 200 inpatients treated for the first time with fluvoxamine were prospectively evaluated for the occurrence of a serotonin syndrome over a period of 8200 treatment days. Retrospective follow-up data of outpatient treatment covered 8891 days. RESULTS: No full-blown serotonin syndrome occurred, but 3 patients developed a reversible change of mental status with insomnia, agitation, confusion and incoherent thoughts without other symptoms of the serotonin syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the occurrence of a potentially lethal serotonin syndrome is rare in fluvoxamine treatment psychosis-like syndromes as a side effect of serotonergic stimulation might occur. In the investigated sample the rate was 0.006-0.04 per 100 treatment days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Antifungal effect of zeolite-incorporated tissue conditioner against Candida albicans growth and/or acid production.

A new antimicrobial material, Ag-zeolite (Zeomic), was combined with a commercial tissue conditioner (GC-Soft Liner (GC); 1-5%) and, through monitoring the pH of the growth medium, examined for effects on the in vitro growth and/or acid production of Candida albicans on protein-free and saliva-coated specimens. The effect of incorporation of this agent on the physical property of the lining material was also examined according to the ISO penetration test. Comparison studies were carried out using GC, Coe Comfort (CC) or undecylenate combined GC (1-5%) specimens. Although the pH changes in the media varied depending upon the materials on which the Candida was grown, reverse sigmoidal pH curves were observed with most samples. As compared with GC, the soft lining materials showed, to some extent, an inhibitory effect on the acid production and/or the growth of C. albicans. These inhibitory effects consisted of a delay in the onset of rapid pH decline, decreases in the rate of pH change and increases in minimum pH. In most cases, the inhibitory effects of test specimens were dose-dependent, and zeolite specimens showed a significantly higher antifungal effect, followed by CC and undecylenate-combined GC; GC showed the least antifungal effect. The inhibitory effects of these materials on fungal growth were decreased by the presence of a saliva-coat, particularly with zeolite specimens and CC. However, four of eight 5%-Zeomic specimens still exhibited perfect growth inhibition in the presence of the salivary pellicle. Furthermore, test specimens containing 2-5% Zeomic showed a significantly greater effect on the delay in rapid decline of pH, as compared with the other specimens examined. In addition, the significantly higher minimum pH was observed where the yeasts were grown on 4%- and 5%-Zeomic specimens. The physical properties of all the test specimens conformed with the ISO standard as examined by penetration test. These results taken together suggest that an antimicrobial zeolite-combined tissue conditioner would be a potential aid in denture plaque control.

Acids↗