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Biomedical subjects

H Mukai

Publications and source records attributed to H Mukai.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Odontogenic epithelial hamartoma of the gingiva: a case report.

A rare case of odontogenic epithelial hamartoma of the gingiva in a 63-year-old Japanese female is reported. This tumor-like lesion probably originated from the reduced tooth-forming tissues such as rests of dental lamina lying dormant in the gingiva after odontogenesis. The differential diagnosis of this lesion from many other odontogenic and glandular tumors is important; however, through careful clinico-pathological examinations, it would not be a very difficult task.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1991

[The coefficient of variation of RR intervals (CVRR) on electrocardiogram in patients with essential hypertension with reference to aging, hemodynamics and sympatho-adrenomedullary function].

To evaluate the significance of parasympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension, we measured the coefficients of variation of RR intervals (CVRR) on electrocardiogram and examined the relationships between CVRR and aging, hemodynamics and sympatho-adrenomedullary function in normotensive subjects (NT) and in patients with essential hypertension (EHT). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma noradrenaline concentration (pNA), plasma adrenaline concentration (pAd) and CVRR resting in a supine position were simultaneously measured in 37 NT (33.8 +/- 2.0 years) and 47 mild-to-moderate EHT (51.3 +/- 1.5 years). In both NT and EHT, significantly negative correlations between CVRR and age (NT: r = -0.54, p less than 0.001, EHT: r = -0.41, p less than 0.005) were observed, however, CVRR correlated with neither MAP, HR nor pAd. CVRR tended to correlate negatively with pNA (r = -0.27, p less than 0.1) in NT, unlike in EHT. The mean value of CVRR in EHT (n = 10, age: 38.3 +/- 1.6 years, CVRR: 3.61 +/- 0.37%) was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower than in age-matched NT (n = 10, age: 38.3 +/- 2.5 years, CVRR: 5.76 +/- 0.45%). These results indicate that the parasympathetic tone suggested by CVRR may be related to aging and sympathetic nerve activity, and that parasympathetic function might be impaired in EHT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Shy-Drager syndrome: its autonomic function, alpha 2 receptor density and mechanism of postprandial hypotension].

The autonomic function, platelet alpha 2 receptor (alpha 2R) density, and mechanism of postprandial hypotension were examined in a 58-year-old man with Shy-Drager syndrome (SDS). His chief complaints were orthostatic syncope and impotence. His blood pressure was kept within normal limits in a supine position, but severe hypotension and fainting occurred when he assumed an upright posture. There were diminished sweating response to warm stress, abnormal pupil reactions to drugs, lack of blood pressure elevation at phase IV during the Valsalva maneuver, and a lack of pressor response to hyperventilation and cold stress. The plasma norepinephrine levels (pNE) were very low in a supine position at rest and in a head-up tilt position. Severe blood pressure fall (hypotension) associated with a lack of pNE elevation occurred during an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). Platelet alpha 2R density increased and the pressor response to infused norepinephrine (NE-R) was pronounced. The heart rate response to injected atropine was clearly attenuated. The coefficient of the R-R interval variation in the ECG (CVRR), which may reflect parasympathetic activity, was markedly low at rest. In addition, a decrease in a head-up tilt position and increase during oGTT also resolved. These results indicate that a dysfunction of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and the up-regulation in the alpha 2R system that leads to an increase in alpha 2R density in SDS are involved in this disease and that the mechanism of postprandial hypotension in SDS may be different from that in normal elderly subjects.

Atropine↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) for acute cholecystitis].

We performed percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) in 71 of 129 patients with acute cholecystitis. In 70 of 71 patients, clinical symptoms and laboratory data were rapidly improved by PTGBD. In order to evaluate the degree of acute cholecystitis, the clinical symptoms, laboratory data and ultrasonographic findings of these patients were analyzed by the quantification theory of Hayashi. As a result, irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall and gallbladder swelling presented by US and physical findings with Blumberg's sing or defence in the abdomen were most important findings to assess the severity of acute cholecystitis. Based on these data, we originally introduced the Severity Score of this disease and used it a criterion of PTGBD indication. The patients with the score above 0.5 were considered to be indicative for emergent PTGBD. In high risk patients (e.g., the aged or of diabetes mellitus) with the score above 0, this procedure should be indicated. In 24 of 71 patients, Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Scope (PTGBS) were attempted to retrieve stones, and it was completely successful in 16 patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Preoperative diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)--a comparative study with other diagnostic tools].

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and angiography (Angio) were performed in 26 patients with pancreatic cancer which were all resected. Preoperative findings of each diagnostic tools were compared with histological findings. In order to discuss the effectiveness of each body imagings, the preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer was evaluated in direct invasion to the anterior pancreatic capsule and stomach (S), direct invasion to the duodenum (D), direct invasion to the retroperitoneal adjacent vessels (Rp), and regional lymph node metastasis (N). The overall accuracy rate was 77% with EUS (50% with US, 38% with CT, 56% with Angio) in S, 81% with EUS (44% with US, 38% with CT, 63% with Angio) in D, 77% with EUS (58% with US, 42% with CT, 73% with Angio) in Rp, and 65% with EUS (58% with US, 38% with CT) in N. EUS revealed high accuracy rates because EUS images of the whole pancreas, surrounding organs and major vessels were clearly visualized through the gastroduodenal walls. Also, the accuracy rates of Angio in Rp and US in N were almost the same as those of EUS in Rp and N. However, it was difficult for every procedure to diagnose the retroperitoneal perineural invasion. From these results, EUS is one of the most beneficial procedures for detecting of the extent of cancer. EUS is expected to be popularized in the diagnosis and staging of the pancreatic cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Correlations between the coefficient of variation of RR intervals and sympathetic nerve activity following superior tilting in normotensive subjects and in patients with essential hypertension].

The relationship between changes in sympathetic nerve activity and those in parasympathetic tone with a change in position was investigated in patients with essential hypertension using the coefficient of variation of RR intervals on electrocardiograms (CVRR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma noradrenaline concentration (pNA) and CVRR were measured in a supine position at rest and 20 min after having the head tilted 60 degrees superiorly in 10 normotensives (NT: 51.9 +/- 3.0 yrs) and 7 essential hypertensive patients (EHT: 51.0 +/- 2.8 yrs). After changing the position, CVRR decreased significantly in the NT, but not in the EHT; whereas, significant increases of both HR and pNA without significant changes in MAP were shown in both groups. A significant negative correlation between percentage changes in CVRR (% delta CVRR) and pNA (% delta pNA) were observed in the NT, but not in the EHT. However, there was no relationship of % delta CVRR to % delta MAP or to % delta HR in either group. It was suggested from the changes in CVRR that suppression of the parasympathetic tone, which occurs in the NT group corresponding to sympathetic augmentation to present a decrease in blood pressure with a change in position, may be impaired in the EHT group.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1991

[Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis activities during normal pregnancy and fetal growth--study based on estimated fetal body weight].

There are many factors influencing the growth of the fetus. Since these factors have complex interrelations, they are difficult to clarify. The authors studied the effects of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis on the growth of the fetus during pregnancy, especially from the 2nd trimester into the 3rd trimester. The subjects were 86 normal pregnant women, and the subjects of study were blood coagulation, fibrinolysis activity of the mother, and estimated fetal birth weight after the 28th (2nd trimester) and 36th weeks of gestation (3rd trimester) in each case. 1. Changes in blood coagulation activity and fibrinolysis varied from the 2nd trimester into the 3rd trimester. The percentage of cases showing lowered platelets was 68.6% of the total, and the percentages of cases with reduced platelet ADP, epinephrine, and collagen aggregation were 60.5%, 55.8%, and 51.2%, respectively. The percentages of cases showing shortened prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were 58.1% and 51.2% of the total, respectively. The percentage of cases with reduced fibrinogen was 24.4% of the total. The percentages of cases with reduced antithrombin III, plasminogen, and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor activity were 66.3%, 55.8%, and 75.6% of the total, respectively. 2. The birth weight of babies in a group with shortened prothrombin time was 2,935.1 +/- 395.2g(n = 50, mean +/- SD), while that in a group with prolonged prothrombin time was 3,106.2 +/- 357.9g(n = 36). The estimated fetal birth weight gain from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester was 1,431.6 +/- 296.5g in the former group and 1,644.5 +/- 390.5g in the latter group. The differences were significant (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01). The birth weight of babies in a group with lowered antithrombin III activity was 2,960.1 +/- 341.3g(n = 57), and that in an acceleration group was 3,157.8 +/- 370.0g(n = 29). The estimated fetal weight gain from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester was 1,477.7 +/- 281.9g in the former group and 1,637.1 +/- 390.6g in the latter group. The differences were significant (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.05). 3. The estimated fetal weight gain from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester in the group showing prolongated prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in this period was significantly larger than in the group showing shortened prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (p less than 0.001). These results suggested that the changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis activity of mothers from the 2nd trimester to the 3rd trimester affected the growth of the fetus.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1991

[Prevalence of K-ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers].

It has been reported that mutations in the human ras gene family convert these genes into active oncogenes. In the present study using in vitro gene amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutation detection by the oligonucleotide hybridization assay, a total of 86 colorectal cancers were analyzed for the point mutations at codon 12 and 13 of K-ras genes. Mutations were present in 33 of the 86 colorectal cancers examined; 32 of the 33 mutations were at codon 12 of this gene and one of them was at codon 13. There was no apparent correlation between the presence of a ras gene mutation in a carcinoma and its anatomical location, level of differentiation, depth of invasion, degree of lymphnode metastasis or stage of progression, however, the high incidence of K-ras mutations was observed in early stage carcinomas (depth m and sm). This results support the concept that the point mutation of K-ras gene is early event in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[A case of beriberi heart--with special reference to the rapid effect of fursultiamine on hemodynamics].

A 33-year-old man was admitted to Kushiro City General Hospital on February 27, 1989, because of palpitation, shortness of breath and anasarca. Eight months previously he had noted the onset of pretibial edema, which had progressed to anasarca. He had had a meal only once a day for nine months. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 114/46 mmHg and pulse rate of 80/min. The 3rd sound was audible. No rales in the chest and no hepatosplenomegaly were noted. Ascites, pretibial edema and anasarca were present. Vibration sensation was diminished, and the deep tendon reflexes were absent in the legs. The blood thiamine level on the 4th day of hospitalization decreased to 2.9 micrograms/dl. The red cell transketolase activity and TPP effect on the 10th hospital day were 0.76 IU/gHb and 11%, respectively. A chest roentogenogram showed pulmonary congestion and cardiomegaly (CTR 61.3%). The electrocardiogram showed non-specific T wave changes. On the echocardiogram, remarkable pericardial effusion and diffuse hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall were observed. In addition, the left ventricular wall motion showed a hyperkinetic state. On the basis of these findings, the diagnosis of beriberi heart was made. The hemodynamic study performed on the 10th hospital day showed a remarkable high cardiac output (CO) of 10.7 l/min and an extremely reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR) of 352 dynes.sec.cm-5. 15 min after intravenous administration of Fursultiamine 100 mg, CO decreased to 7.24 l/min and TPR increased to 848 dynes.sec.cm-5. Following the administration of Fursultiamine 75 mg, po/day, his symptoms and abnormal findings of clinical examination data rapidly improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Stimulation of calcium mobilization but not proliferation by bombesin and tachykinin neuropeptides in human small cell lung cancer cells.

The tachykinin family of neuropeptides, including substance P and neurokinins A and B, induce a transient increase in intracellular free calcium concentration in human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells, as measured with a calcium indicator fura-2. The effects are dose dependent and even greater than that of bombesin at equimolar concentrations in these cells. The tachykinins, like bombesin, induce calcium mobilization mainly from intracellular store(s). None of the peptides, however, shows a stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis. In addition, exogenously applied bombesin does not stimulate DNA synthesis at any concentration tested. We also examined the effects of a recently reported bombesin antagonist [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]substance P in SCLC cells, and compared them to those in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in which the mitogenic effect of bombesin is well characterized. The antagonist at 10(-5) M completely abolishes the Ca2+-mobilizing effect of 10(-7) M bombesin in SCLC cells, and that of 10(-9) M but not 10(-7) M bombesin in Swiss 3T3 cells. The antagonist at this concentration effectively inhibits the mitogenic action of bombesin (10(-9) M) in Swiss 3T3 cells; however, much higher doses (approximately 10(-4) M) are needed to inhibit DNA synthesis in SCLC cells. Moreover, the antagonist inhibits DNA synthesis in bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide-nonproducing cells with a similar dose dependency as in producing cells. These results indicate that bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide and other calcium mobilizing peptides do not always act as a growth factor in SCLC cells, and that the bombesin antagonist could inhibit growth of SCLC cells through a mechanism other than bombesin antagonism.

Bombesin↗
PubMed1990

Significance of elevated serum LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity in atopic dermatitis.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was elevated in most cases with the severe type of atopic dermatitis (AD). We examined whether LDH correlated specifically with the clinical courses and the severity of AD skin eruptions. Blood eosinophil numbers (Eo), LDH and its isoenzymes, and serum IgE (IgE) levels in eighty patients with AD were measured before and after treatment. In improved groups, Eo and LDH decreased or returned to normal values after treatment. In contrast, both levels increased in patients who worsened after treatment. Thus changes in Eo and LDH correlated well with the clinical picture. However, IgE levels did not correlate with the clinical condition. High LDH levels were detected in the severe type of AD more frequently than in the mild type. A large majority of patients with elevated LDH (higher than 300 IU/l) before treatment had more severe skin eruptions. When the LDH before treatment was within normal limits, the LDH levels in improved patients showed a further decrease. Eo, LDH and IgE were correlated closely with the clinical scores of AD, and the relationship between LDH and clinical score was the highest. Elevations of LDH5 and LDH4 among the LDH isoenzymes were more prominent in the severe type of AD than in the mild type. We concluded that LDH was useful as a marker for evaluating the disease condition and severity of skin eruption of AD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Poikiloderma-like lesions on the neck in atopic dermatitis: a histopathological study.

Reticulate pigmentation with or without skin atrophy, depigmentation and telangiectasia is frequently encountered on the neck of severe cases of adult type atopic dermatitis. These skin changes were graded clinically into 3 stages. Based on histological features, hyperplasia of the sebaceous gland, dilated tortuous capillaries, and mild degeneration of elastic fibers were noted in stage I lesions. Lesions of both stages II and III contained increased melanin in the basal cell layer with incontinence of pigment, remarkable destruction and degeneration of elastic fibers, proliferated and dilated capillaries, and deposition of mucinous substances. The numbers of mast cells in papillary dermis were significantly increased in late stage I and stage II lesions. Poikiloderma-like lesions on the neck could be attributable to chronic inflammation and delay of wound healing process, possibly caused by long-standing topical corticosteroid therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Amplification and specific detection of transforming gene region of human papillomavirus 16, 18 and 33 in cervical carcinoma by means of the polymerase chain reaction.

We have established a highly sensitive method for specific detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18 and 33, by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A HPV-related sequence (140 bp) in the E6 transforming region was specifically amplified and detected by gel electrophoresis and by the use of a specific oligonucleotide probe. The PCR could detect 10(5)-10(6) copies per cell (maximum sensitivity). Furthermore, HPV 16, 18 and 33 DNAs were synthesized in a common reaction solution and specifically detected by HPV type-specific probes. The PCR detected the HPV sequence from tissues which were negative to Southern hybridization. This detection technique may contribute significantly to the precise analysis of HPV in small proliferative lesions in the cervix.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Eosinophilic granuloma showing rapid regression. Report of a mandibular case with application of a modified PNA staining method for demonstration of Langerhans-type histiocytes.

A mandibular eosinophilic granuloma in a 16-year-old male is reported. This case showed rapid regression, which was clearly demonstrated by histopathological examinations of both preoperative biopsy and surgical materials. Transformation from an eosinophilic granuloma to a xanthomatous granuloma with multinucleated giant cells was observed after only 26 days. Special staining of paraffin sections with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and use of electron microscopy showed that the main component of the lesion in the biopsy material was Langerhans-type histiocytes. These cells had disappeared from the lesion by the time of the operation. At the same time, the number of infiltrating eosinophils was also markedly reduced. It seems appropriate to consider that the rapid regression of this disease was correlated with the rapid reduction in the number of Langerhans-type histiocytes appearing in the granulomatous foci, as well as the number of infiltrating eosinophils.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of neuromedin B and GRP-10 on gastrin and insulin release from cultured tumor cells of a malignant gastrinoma.

A study relating to gastrin release from gastrinoma cells by neuromedin B and C-terminal decapeptide of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP-10) has not yet been reported. Therefore, we studied the effects of neuromedin B and GRP-10 on gastrin release from cultured dispersed cells prepared from both the primary tumor in the pancreas and the metastatic tumor in the liver from a case of malignant Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Both the primary and metastatic tumors obtained by a curative operation contained similar concentrations of gastrin and glucagon, whereas the primary tumor contained 10 times more insulin than the metastatic tumor. Gastrin release from cultured cells of both tumors was suppressed by 0.1 and 10 nM neuromedin B and tended to be suppressed by 0.1-10 nM GRP-10. However, insulin release from cultured cells of the pancreatic tumor was stimulated by GRP-10, but not by neuromedin B. These results might suggest that receptor function for the bombesin family peptides is abnormal in gastrinoma cells in both primary and metastatic tumors, and that a major source of insulin secretary cells is the contaminated normal islet cells in the primary tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 on pancreatic hormone release in normal conscious dogs.

The effects of truncated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on insulin and glucagon release were examined in unanesthetized normal dogs. A bolus injection of GLP-1(7-36)amide elicited a transient increase in the plasma insulin level, which brought about a decrease in the plasma glucose level. The degree of increase in plasma insulin levels with GLP-1(7-35)OH or GLP-1(7-37)OH was less than that induced by GLP-1(7-36)amide. The plasma glucagon level did not increase in spite of mild hypoglycemia. The infusion of graded doses of GLP-1(7-36)amide (6, 36, 120 ng.kg-1.min-1 every 30 min) did not change the plasma glucose, insulin or glucagon levels significantly. The degree of increase in the plasma glucose level induced by iv glucose infusion (12 mg.kg-1.min-1) was reduced by coinfusion of GLP-1(7-36)amide (6 ng.kg-1.min-1), although the degree of increase in the plasma insulin level was the same as that in a control experiment (coinfusion of the vehicle). Coinfusion of GLP-1(7-36)amide (60 ng.kg-1.min-1) caused an augmented increase in the plasma insulin level and a reduced increase in the plasma glucose level during iv glucose infusion (17 mg.kg-1.min-1) compared with the control experiment. The degree of decrease in the plasma glucagon level during iv glucose infusion was not affected by the coinfusion. The degree of increase in the plasma glucagon level induced by insulin hypoglycemia and the profile of the plasma glucose level at that time were not affected by the infusion of GLP-1(7-36)amide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Reduced insulinotropic effects of glucagonlike peptide I-(7-36)-amide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in isolated perfused diabetic rat pancreas.

The pathophysiological role of incretin in diabetes mellitus has not been established. We therefore examined the effects of glucagonlike peptide I-(7-36)-amide (truncated GLP-I) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on insulin and glucagon release from isolated perfused pancreases of diabetic rats (12-14 wk of age, mean +/- SE fasting plasma glucose 8.9 +/- 0.6 mM, n = 25) after an injection of 90 mg/kg streptozocin on the 2nd day after birth and compared the results with those of nondiabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, the infusion of 1 nM GLP-I or GIP in perfusates with varying glucose concentrations (2.8, 5.6, 8.3, 11.1, or 22.2 mM) caused a nearly equal degree of insulin stimulation from a similar basal insulin level. Meanwhile, basal and GLP-I- or GIP-stimulated insulin release increased in correlation with the ambient glucose concentration in nondiabetic rats. The degree of stimulation of insulin release at glucose concentrations of 5.6 mM in diabetic rats was approximately 33% that of nondiabetic rats. The stimulation potency was the same between GLP-I and GIP. The insulin treatment for diabetic rats (5 U/kg NPH insulin at 0900 and 2100 for 6 days) brought only a slight improvement in the glucose dependency of GLP-I-stimulated insulin release. The effects of GLP-I and GIP on glucagon release were completely opposite. GLP-I suppressed release; GIP stimulated it. In diabetic rats, the degree of suppression by GLP-I and stimulation by GIP were almost the same with similar basal glucagon levels in the perfusate with varying glucose concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗