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Biomedical subjects

H Mizuno

Publications and source records attributed to H Mizuno.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Evaluation with Fourier analysis on radionuclide angiography of viable but stunned myocardium in patients with right ventricular myocardial infarction.

Stunned myocardium of right ventricle was studied by radionuclide angiography (RNA) and Thallium myocardial scintigraphy (TL) in 39 patients with inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). RNA was performed within 1 week of the onset (acute phase) and after 1 month, when exercise cardiac scintigraphy (EX-TL) was also performed. The ejection fraction (EF) of each ventricle calculated from RNA and the phase and amplitude evaluated visually and quantitatively by Fourier analysis were compared between the acute phase and 1 month after the onset of myocardial infarction. The degree of visualization of right ventricle was examined in EX-TL 1 month after the onset. (1) In RNA obtained in the acute myocardial infarction, abnormalities in the right ventricle (delayed phase or low amplitude image) were observed in 18 (46%) but not in 21 (54%) of the 39 patients (N group). Of those 18 patients, the abnormalities in the right ventricle alleviated in 11 (RVMI-A group) but persisted in 7 (RVMI-B group) in RNA obtained 1 month after the onset. (2) In the acute phase, the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) was 39.4 +/- 10.4% in N group, 30.8 +/- 5.3% in RVMI-A group, and 29.6 +/- 8.9% in RVMI-B group, with significant differences between N group and the other two groups (P less than 0.05) but no significant difference between RVMI-A and RVMI-B groups. (3) After 1 month, RVEF was 40.1 +/- 10.1% in N group, 42.2 +/- 8.4% in RVMI-A group, and 32.2 +/- 9.8% in RVMI-B group, being improved in RVMI-A group and showing a significant difference as compared with RVMI-B group (p less than 0.05). (4) In EX-TL of RVMI-A group, the right ventricle was visible although the uptake of TL was reduced in the entire right ventricle. In RVMI-B group, only part of the right ventricular free wall was visible with defects in the other areas of right ventricle. The sign of RVMI showed improvements in many of the patients after the acute phase, and their condition was considered to have been so-called stunned myocardium, which is a complex of symptoms of reversible myocardial ischemia, rather than RVMI.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of flutropium on experimental models of drug- and allergy-induced rhinitis in guinea pigs.

The effects of flutropium on histamine (Hist)-induced increase in intranasal pressure in non-sensitized guinea pigs and nasal mucosa capillary permeability in passively sensitized guinea pigs were investigated. Flutropium (0.3%), atropine (0.3%), diphenhydramine (0.01%) and cimetidine (0.1%) were directly inhaled into the nasal cavities by an ultrasonic nebulizer for 20 min, followed by inhalation of Hist (0.1%) for 10 min. Flutropium, atropine and diphenhydramine had an inhibitory action on the Hist-induced increase in intranasal pressure in guinea pigs. Cimetidine had no effect on this system. In passively sensitized guinea pigs (the challenge was performed 48 hr after sensitization), a 0.1-1.0 mg/kg injection of flutropium (i.v.) dose-dependently inhibited the allergic nasal mucosa capillary permeability. Atropine (10 mg/kg, i.v.) had no inhibitory action on this system. These results suggest that inhalation into the nasal cavities and i.v. injection of flutropium are effective in experimental models of drug- and allergy-induced rhinitis of the guinea pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of muscarinic antagonists on experimental nasal secretion in guinea pigs.

The effects of muscarinic antagonists on acetylcholine (ACh)- and histamine-induced nasal secretion were investigated in guinea pigs. Inhalations of flutropium (0.01 to 0.3%) and atropine (0.03 to 0.3%) into the nasal cavities dose-dependently inhibited the nasal secretion induced by ACh. The inhibitory action of flutropium was slightly stronger than that of atropine. Inhalations of pirenzepine (0.3%) and gallamine (0.3%) had no effect on the ACh-induced nasal secretion. However, 4-DAMP dose-dependently inhibited the nasal secretion induced by ACh. Inhalations of flutropium (0.3%) and diphenhydramine (0.3%) showed a similar inhibitory action on the histamine-induced nasal secretion. These results suggest that 1) inhalation into the nasal cavities of flutropium was effective in experimental model of ACh- and histamine-induced nasal secretion, 2) M3-cholinergic receptors may be dominant in the nasal secretion induced by ACh and 3) the experimental model of drug-induced nasal secretion in guinea pigs used in the present study can be employed to develop therapeutic drugs for nasal secretion.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[The role of surgeon in treatment of chronic respiratory failure after pulmonary tuberculosis operations].

We analyzed pulmonary functions and rib cage-phrenic motions on 296 cases of chronic empyema patients who had surgical treatment. Pulmonary functions were better preserved in patients with a single step than in those with multi-step operations, and in those who had more than five operations the impairment was inevitable. Both %VC and rib cage-phrenic motions improved by decortication, and by air-plombage, but in those who developed multi-rib fractures after the latter procedure, ipsilateral chest wall motion almost disappeared. Since some restriction of rib cage-phrenic motion is inevitable after the surgery, we have developed a cuirass respirator which can synchronize with the respiration to assist the movement of the chest wall. The results attained so far are satisfactory.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Antiarrhythmic and cardiovascular profiles of the fused indole compound (3aR,12R,12aR,12bS)-12-amino-2,3,3a,4,11,12,12a,12b-octahydro-10-hydrox yisoquino [2,1,8-lma]carbazol-5(1H)-one hydrochloride 1.5 hydrate.

Antiarrhythmic and cardiovascular profiles of a fused indole compound, (3aR,12R,12aR,12bS)-12-amino-2,3,3a,4,11,12,12a,12b -octahydro- 10-hydroxyisoquino [2,1,8-lma]carbazol-5(1H)-one hydrochloride 1.5 hydrate (RS-2135, CAS 133775-36-7), were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Class I antiarrhythmic agents such as disopyramide, lidocaine, mexiletine and flecainide were used as reference compounds. RS-2135 exerted more potent antiarrhythmic activity than reference compounds against ouabain-induced arrhythmias in dogs. The onset of action was slow, but the duration of action was longer than with the other compounds tested. The agent suppressed the conduction in the atrium, A-V node and ventricle more markedly than the reference compounds. RS-2135, however, did not change blood pressure and heart rate at a dose 5 times the dose for antiarrhythmic activity and decreased cardiac contractility to a lesser extent than the reference compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Laboratory and clinical studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium plus amikacin sulfate in patients with severe infections complicating hematological disorders].

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) and amikacin sulfate (AMK) were administered to 111 patients with severe infections complicating hematological disorders. Of the 111 patients, 93 were included in the present analysis of efficacy and 108 in that of safety. Twenty patients were evaluated as excellent, 37 as good, 8 as fair, and 28 as poor, with an overall rate of effectiveness of 61.3% (57/93). The synergistic interaction of IPM and AMK against clinical isolates (6 strains) was assessed in vitro using the checker board technique. Synergistic and additive effects were observed in 66.7% and 33.3% of the samples, respectively. Side effects were observed in 9 patients and abnormal laboratory test results in 2. These disappeared or returned to normal values after completion of therapy or discontinuation of IPM/CS and AMK. From the above findings, IPM/CS with AMK is considered to be a useful antibiotic combination for the treatment of severe infections complicating hematological disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[A case of tuberculous osteomyelitis resembling metastatic cancer on bone scintigraphy].

A 48-year-old male was referred to our division, on the suspicion of lung cancer with bone metastasis. Chest radiography showed a mass shadow and bone scintigram demonstrated multiple scattered regions of increased uptake. However bronchial and bone biopsy specimens revealed granuloma with epithelial cells and giant cells. A diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis was made, and antituberculous therapy was begun. Chest radiography and bone scintigrams one year later showed marked improvement.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The metabolic index of nocturnal hypoxia in patients after lung resection and thoracoplasty].

The authors measured urinary uric acid (UA) and creatinine (CR), serum lactate, and CoQ10 prior to retiring at night and on awakening in the morning in 127 patients (PG) after lung resection and thoracoplasty which were done more than 20 years age for treatment of tuberculosis and in 20 controls (NC). delta UA:CR, delta lactate, and delta CoQ10 were calculated respectively as the overnight changes in urinary UA:CR and in serum lactate and CoQ10. delta UA:CR increased in PG (4.0 +/- 43.6%), whereas it decreased in NC (-22.3 +/- 17.7%) (mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.05). Nocturnal hypoxemia suggested from positive balance of delta UA:CR was seen in 37% of PG, but in only 10% of NC. delta UA:CR showed no relationship with delta lactate and delta CoQ10 and also did not correlate with the nadir of arterial oxygen saturation. PG were divided into PG with a positive balance of delta UA:CR (PG-P) and with a negative balance of delta UA:CR (PG-N). The %VC and PaO2 in the PG-P group were lower and PaCO2 was higher than in PG-N, although the difference did not achieve statistical significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Assessment of denervated but viable myocardium in patients with myocardial infarction--by myocardial imaging with 201Tl and 123I-MIBG].

The present study assessed sympathetic function in viable infarcted areas of the myocardium following the onset of myocardial infarction. The subjects were 19 patients with myocardial infarction. After exercise on a bicycle ergometer, simultaneous SPECT with Tl-201 and I-123 MIBG was performed. The behavior of MIBG following exercise remains to be clarified, but in the present study MIBG provided images different from those obtained with Tl. While the redistribution of Tl in the infarcted area was observed in 8 of 19 patients, MIBG was absent in the infarcted area in both the initial and delayed scans. In the patient undergoing CABG, the infarcted area showed no MIBG despite the normal perfusion of Tl. The previous proposal that the redistribution of Tl indicates myocardial viability to some extent suggests that the sympathetic function of the area of the myocardium showing the redistribution of Tl decreases even though the area is viable. These findings indicate that after the onset of myocardial infarction, there is a denervated but viable area in the myocardium, despite the viability demonstrated by Tl imaging. They also indicate that concurrent myocardial imaging with MIBG is useful for the detection of such a myocardium.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1991

[Preservation and improvement of chest wall function].

Anterolateral multiple rib fractures near xiphoid process impaired mechanical linkage which resists distortion between pulmonary (upper) and abdominal (lower) rib cage resulting in flail chest. Repair of fractured ribs with ceramic pins improved phase shift between the diaphragm and the rib cage and the amplitude of the injured rib cage motion, and decreased rib cage distortion. Asymmetrical motion of lower rib and upper abdomen which suggested impairment of the diaphragm action on the abdominal rib cage was found in three patients whose emphysematous bullae were located in the middle and lower lung fields, and disappeared after bullectomy. To control the pressure in the pleural cavity after pneumonectomy from excessive negative pressure to atmospheric pressure with SF6 improved pulmonary function. Chest wall function can be preserved on the basis of functional anatomy and physiology of the chest wall.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Omentum transplantation to the cervical cord with microangioanastomosis].

Transplantation of omentum to the cervical cord was done in three cases with incomplete transection (Case 1) with posttraumatic progressing cervical myelopathy (Case 2) and with complete transection due to multisegmental, late cervical cord infarction (Case 3). Anastomoses were made between the occipital artery and the gastroepiploic artery of transplanting omentum and between the occipital vein and the gastroepiploic vein. In Case 2 and 3, omentum was maintained in tissue culture medium in an incubator (37 degrees C, 5% CO2) for about five hours following perfusion of the omentum with low molecular dextran containing urokinase, heparin, vitamin B12 until exploration of the dural tube and preparation of the occipital vessels were accomplished. Although complete transection with late infarct (Case 3) showed extremely slow improvement in follow-up period of 8 months, the incomplete traumatic lesions (Case 1 and 2) showed less slow but steady improvements in follow-up periods of 24 and 22 months with almost complete recovery of Case 2. Angiography showed patent anastomosis in all the cases. Dynamic CT at 4 (Case 1) and 6 (Case 2) months showed good perfusion in the compromised cord through the transplanted omentum.

Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory↗
PubMed1990

Multi-drug combination therapy with vincristine-melphalan-cyclophosphamide-prednisolone was more effective than cyclophosphamide-prednisolone in stage III myeloma. The Nagoya Myeloma Cooperative Study Group.

A cooperative randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of multi-drug combination chemotherapy (VMCP), vincristine-melphalan-cyclophosphamide-prednisolone) with CP (cyclophosphamide-prednisolone) for the treatment of multiple myeloma was performed. When the whole group of patients was evaluated, the choice of chemotherapy (VMCP or CP) was not a significant prognostic factor associated with response or survival by uni- or multivariate analysis, and the difference between the survival curves of the treatment groups was only marginally significant. However, when the analysis was confined to stage III patients, the choice of chemotherapy became a significant prognostic factor associated with both response rate and survival, and the statistical difference between survival curves was significant. Taking the disease characteristics of multiple myeloma into consideration, the better result obtained with multi-drug combination chemotherapy in the treatment of stage III patients is consistent with other studies supporting the superiority of multi-drug combination chemotherapy for patients with overt systemic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Semiquantitative culture of Campylobacter pylori in gastroduodenal disorder].

Results of semiquantitative culture of the gastric mucosa for Campylobacter pylori (C. pylori) are reported. The samples were obtained by biopsy at the pyloric antrum along the lesser curvature from 197 patients with various gastric or duodenal disorders. 1) C. pylori was found in most cases with duodenal ulcer (100%), gastric ulcer (87.7%) and acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) (87.5%). Relatively heavy infestation was usual in these diseases, while relatively small amounts of the organism were found in various frequencies in other gastroduodenal disorders. 2) Samples from gastric ulcer cases under H2-blocker treatment had reduced amount of C. pylori as compared with those from untreated cases (p less than 0.01). C. pylori decreased in quantity in each case of AGML after successful treatment with a H2-blocker but not in a case without favorable response. 3) C. pylori distributed evenly among the gastric mucosa sampled at the margin of the ulcer and that at a relatively healthy portion in the pyloric antrum of the same stomach. 4) There was a modest, positive correlation between the amount of C. pylori and that of inflammatory cells, especially of neutrophilic granulocyte, in the gastric mucosa (r = 0.679), while there was a weak, negative correlation between the former and the extent of intestinal metaplasia of the epithelial cells (r = -0.479). 5) Quantitative rather than qualitative observation of C. pylori seems mandatory for considering the relevance of the bacterium to gastric and duodenal disorders. Although C. pylori can be found in the mucosa of the stomach with any type of disorder, its quantity tends to parallel with the activity of duodenal as well as gastric ulcer.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1990

Kinetic studies on drug disposition in rabbits. III. Effect of tolbutamide on renal excretion of sulfamethizole.

The effect of tolbutamide (TB) on the urinary excretion of sulfamethizole (SMZ) under constant infusion of SMZ at 100 mg/h was studied. Intravenous administration of TB (50 mg/kg) caused a decrease in the urinary excretion rate of SMZ but an increase in the unbound concentration of SMZ in plasma. The total concentration of SMZ in plasma decreased rapidly after TB injection and then increased gradually to a level higher than the control. The slope of the terminal phase of the unbound concentration of TB in plasma in the presence of SMZ was significantly smaller than that of TB alone. The analysis using the perfusion limited model showed that the elimination kinetics of SMZ in the presence of TB could be described by the mutual displacement of plasma protein binding of both drugs and the competitive inhibition of the tubular secretion of SMZ by the unbound concentration of TB in renal vein. Further the inhibitor constant was in good agreement with that for the in vitro uptake by renal cortex slices.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Kinetic studies on drug disposition in rabbits. I. Renal excretion of iodopyracet and sulfamethizole.

In order to quantify the renal handling of iodopyracet (IOD) and sulfamethizole (SMZ), single-drug clearance studies in rabbits were performed under quasi-steady state conditions with stepwise increasing the infusion rate of IOD or SMZ. Although concentration dependence of plasma protein binding was observed for both drugs, the urinary excretion rate of IOD was proportional to its total plasma concentration at low total plasma concentrations of 0.05-0.8 mM. On the other hand, the relationship between urinary excretion rate and total plasma concentration of SMZ was a concave-ascending curve at low plasma concentrations and the renal clearance of SMZ was sensitive to changes in plasma protein binding. However, renal clearances referenced to unbound plasma concentration at total plasma concentrations of 0.05 mM for IOD and SMZ were 9.5 and 38 l/h, respectively. Those values were much greater than the effective plasma flow in rabbits. These facts indicated that the intrinsic clearances at the sites of tubular secretion were high and that the rates of secretion were fully or partially limited by the renal plasma flow. Furthermore it was suggested that unbound drug was liberated from plasma protein at the sites of tubular secretion. The data obtained at high plasma concentrations indicated that the tubular secretion of IOD had capacity limited characteristics and that the urinary excretion of SMZ involved tubular reabsorption as well as saturable tubular secretion. From the data obtained, a perfusion-limited pharmacokinetic model was constructed characterizing the excretory processes, namely, glomerular filtration, passive tubular reabsorption, saturable tubular secretion and reequilibrium between bound and unbound drugs in plasma. For both drugs, the estimates for bulk flow rate were reasonable values of effective renal plasma flow and the dissociation constants for tubular secretion agreed well with those for in vitro renal cortex accumulation, suggesting that the kinetic model based on physiological concepts was useful for the understanding of the drug elimination processes.

Animals↗