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Biomedical subjects

H Mikami

Publications and source records attributed to H Mikami.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Abnormal chest roentgenogram induced by bronchial involvement. --Bronchial cast shadow.

We found rod-like shadows suggesting bronchial involvement in bronchial atresia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, bronchiectasis, bronchial stenosis, bronchogenic carcinoma and mucoviscidosis. Typical cases are presented. Various nomenclatures of bronchial involvement based on radiological features or pathological states, such as gloved-finger, tooth-paste shadow, bronchial mucocele and mucoid impaction, are clinically used. We propose "bronchial cast shadow" as an unified term for the roentgenologic diagnosis of these various conditions. The purpose of this paper is; 1) From the radiologic diagnostic stand of view, mucoid impaction of bronchial mucocele is inappropriate, because the same radiologic appearance is not necessarily caused by impacted mucus. In some disorders, the contents of the bronchial lumen might be pus, blood or cells. Initially the abnormal shadow should be described according to the radiologic features, then the pathology of the shadow should be considered. 2) Several different terms are currently used for the same condition. The use of an unified terminology would be convenient for roentgen diagnosis. 3) The recognition of bronchial cast shadow is useful for differential diagnosis of abnormal shadows in the lungs and understanding of abnormal findings. When the bronchial cast shadow is recognized, the underlying cause of it must be determined.

Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary↗
PubMed1979

Studies on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in elderly hypertensive patients with an angiotensin II antagonist.

1. To characterize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in elderly hypertensive patients, an angiotensin II antagonist, [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II, was infused into individuals 60 years old and older with and without hypertension. 2. After infusion of [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II in all of the elderly patients and subjects an agonistic pressor response was observed that was greater than in middle-aged hypertensive patients. 3. Pre-infusion plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in hypertensive and normotensive elderly groups were suppressed in comparison with those in middle-aged hypertensive subjects. The increased agonistic effects of [Sar1,Ile8]angiotensin II infusion on blood pressure in the elderly are presumably due to their hyporeninaemia. 4. The angiotensin-aldosterone system in elderly essential hypertensive patients is suppressed and is presumably not responsible for their elevated blood pressures.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1979

Decreased blood pressure in response to an angiotensin II antagonist in Addison's disease.

The synthetic angiotensin II antagonist, 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II was infused in two patients with untreated Addison's disease. Blood pressure decreased following infusion of this angiotensin II antagonist. Re-infusion of the antagonist after cortisol replacement therapy for one month caused a slight increase in blood pressure. Addison's disease is one of the conditions in which the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the maintenance of blood pressure.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1979

A genetic study of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia in pigs.

The genetic parameters of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia were estimated. The heritability of liability to cryptorchidism identified at birth was about 0.5 and that identified to be normal at birth, but recognized to be abnormal later was almost zero. The heritabilities of scrotal hernia estimated in two herds were 0.65 and 0.86. The genetic correlation between these two defects was 0.20. An equation for calculating selection differentials for family selection was derived and expected changes of incidence resulting from individual, full-sib and half-sib family selection calculated. Practical culling plans were discussed from the aspect of selection response and possible culling rate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Blood pressure response to an angiotensin II antagonist in patients with acromegaly.

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with acromegaly was evaluated by infusing [sarcosine1, isoleucine8]angiotensin II, a competitive angiotensin II antagonist, into five acromegalic patients with hypertension and three normotensive acromegalics. The drug was infused at a rate of 600 ng/kg . min for 30 min, 1 h after iv injection of 40 mg furosemide. In addition, before the infusion, plasma samples were obtained for determination of PRA and plasma aldosterone concentration. A significant pressor response to [sarcosine1, isoleucine8]angiotensin II was observed in all eight patients. Preinfusion PRA and plasma aldosterone concentration were significantly lower than in normal controls. It is concluded that in acromegaly, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is suppressed and that this system is probably not involved in maintenance of the high blood pressure observed in some acromegalic patients.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1979

Blood pressure response to [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine] angiotensin II in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.

[1-Sarcosine, 8-Isoleucine] angiotensin II was given to 8 patients with cirrhosis and ascites and 7 cirrhotic patients without ascites on a regular diet. The 3 ascitic patients with high plasma renin activity (PRA) gave a depressor response, but the other ascite patients with normal or low PRA gave a pressor response or no response. All the non-ascitic patients gave a pressor response. There was an inverse correlation between the PRA before infusion and the change in blood pressure induced by this compound. In the patient with the highest PRA, who had ascites of a few days' duration, a marked reduction in blood pressure was observed on infusion of this compound. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system might be involved in maintenance of a normal blood pressure in some patients with cirrhosis and ascites, whose ascites is presumably in an early stage.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1979

Effects of an angiotensin II antagonist; [sarcosine 1, isoleucine 8] angiotensin II, on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in hypertensive and normotensive subjects taking oral contraceptives.

To examine the involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the etiology of oral contraceptive induced hypertension, normal women (Group I), normotensive (Group II) and hypertensive (Group III) women taking Ovulen (R) were infused with a competitive angiotensin II (AII) antagonist, [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine] angiotensin II. The angiotensin II antagonist was infused at a rate of 600 ng/kg/min for 30 min 1.5 hrs after intravenous injection of 40 mg of furosemide. Blood pressure was monitored and pre-infusion and post-infusion plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were determined. Pre-infusion PRA and PAC showed no significant differences among these three groups. In response to the AII antagonist infusion blood pressure rose in Groups I and II, but blood pressure responses in Group III were variable. Four out of the total 6 subjects had pressor responses and only one subject had a significant blood pressure reduction. In both Groups I and II, PRA decreased and PAC rose after infusion of the antagonist. In Group III, PRA decreased to a lesser degree and PAC showed no consistent change. These data suggest that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive women or oral contraceptives is different from that of the normotensive users. However, the pathophysiology of oral contraceptive induced hypertension is not homogenous and angiotensinogenic hypertension is uncommon.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1978

[A study on the pathophysiology and diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency using angiotensin II blocker (author's transl)].

Angiotensin II analogue (AIIA), 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II (Sar1, Ile8-AII), was given in a graded dose to patients with adrenal hypofunction of various etiologies, and the blood pressure response to AIIA was observed to investigate the role of the renin-angiotensin system for the maintenance of blood pressure in the state of adrenal insufficiency. An agonistic pressor response to AIIA was observed in the control subjects without adrenal hypofunction. In contrast with this, patients with Addison's disease showed a blood pressure fall to AIIA. When the test was repeated on the same patients after hydrocortisone replacement, these patients showed a neutral or pressor response. Three patients with adrenalectomy and hydrocortisone replacement showed a pressor response to AIIA in a supine position. When these patients were tilted, fall in blood pressure to AIIA was observed in two of them who had been on a regular diet, whereas one patient who had been on a high sodium diet showed no fall in blood pressure with this procedure. We concluded that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the maintenance of normal or subnormal blood pressure in Addison's disease and in the postural change of adrenalectomized patients on hydrocortisone and regular salt intake. The response of blood pressure to AIIA may be a clue for the diagnosis of Addison's disease and the evaluation of the adequacy of replacement therapy with regard to these patients.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1978

Lung cancer in Japanese chromate workers.

We have treated ten patients with lung cancer among workers in a chromate factory between 1972 and 1976. Four further cases were also found through death certificates and medical records. Most were smokers and all were men. The average duration of exposure to chromate was 24 years (range 10 to 36). The cell type in our ten patients was squamous in seven and small anaplastic type in three. The primary sites were all in large bronchi. The incidence (person per year) calculated from the number of employees, duration of factory activity, number of cancer patients, and shortest duration of labour period among the patients was 657.9 per 100,000 compared to 13.3 per 100,000 in Japan as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of two angiotensin II analogues in normal subjects and hypertensive patients.

Two angiotensin II analogues, i.e., 1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine angiotensin II (Sar1, Ile8-AII) and 1-sarcosine, 8-alanine angiotensin II (Sar1, Ala8-AII), are now available in the clinical study. Comparative studies of the antagonistic potency and the agonistic effect of these two AII analogues were made in normal subjects on three sodium balances and in hypertensive patients with various etiologies on sodium depletion. Both AII analogues had an agonistic pressor effect in normal subjects. This effect changed with different sodium balances. In the low sodium state, this agonistic action was minimized. The agonistic pressor effect of Sar1, Ile8-AII was greater than that of Sar1, Ala8-AII in all sodium states. There was found an agonistic activity of both AII analogues not only on blood pressure, but also on renin and aldosterone secretion, and renal vasculature in normal subjects on a regular diet. The antagonistic depressor potency of both compounds was also varied by changing sodium balance, being greatest in the low sodium state. In hypertensive patients on sodium depletion, the blood pressure responses of individual patients to these two AII analogues were significantly correlated (r = 0.8, n = 20). These results indicate taht pretreatment of sodium depletion is necessary to prevent the side effect caused by the agonistic pressor action of AII analogue, and also to predict renin depency in hypertensive patients efficiently.

Adult↗