Biomedical subjects
H Metz
Publications and source records attributed to H Metz.
[Problems in chemotherapy in hospitals and private practice].
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[Virological analyses of irradiated sewer sludge (author's transl)].
The virus-inactivating effect of Co60 irradiation was verified by a field test in the sewer sludge irradiation plant at Geiselbullach near Munich. The following samples were tested: 16 waste water inlets 15 waste water outlets 32 fresh sludge samples 62 sewer sludge samples prior to irradiation 52 sewer sludge samples and 9 fresh sludge samples after irradiation. We supplemented these analyses by inoculating sewer sludge samples with polio inoculation virus type 1 before irradiation and by the admixing of virus-pure suspensions in MEM + 2 per cent fetal calf serum and virus sludge mixtures packed in plastic capsules with the material to be irradiated. After irradiation these capsules were picked up again and analyzed for their viral content. As test viruses we selected polio wild virus type 1, echovirus type 6, coxsackie virus B5, coxsackie virus A9 and adeno virus type 1. After the sludge samples had been sufficiently homogenized by an adequately long decaying period and provided they contained 3-per cent solid matter, we managed to obtain the same irradiation results in field tests, as with tests under laboratory conditions. For entero viruses the D-value (decimal reduction) was 300 to 400 krad, for adeno viruses it amounted to 700 krad.
[Enteritis salmonellae in man and animal from 1953 to 1975 in Southern Bavaria (author's transl)].
The present paper gives a survey of the enteritis salmonelloses in man during the years from 1953 to 1975 (19400 first isolations) and in animals in the period from 1965 to 1975 (4600 first isolations and identification) in Southern Bavaria. In Southern Bavaria the number of isolations from enteritis salmonellae in man and animal has strongly increased during the last few years and the same holds good for the number of serotypes (Figs. 1, 2 and tables 1, 2). The most frequent serotypes in man are S. typhi-murium, S. enteritidis, S. panama, and S. thompson; in animals they are S. typhimurium, S. abortus-ovis, S. infantis, S. enteritidis and S. dublin. Now as before, most isolations in man and animal occur in late summer or in autumn, especially in september. From 59 group infections in man, only in 21 cases could the source, but not the origin, be gathered from the records. In view of the short incubation time of salmonella enteritis and its prevalent incidence in medically controlled installations this is ununderstandable and critical. As to the regional distribution of the salmonelloses, the incidence in man is higher in the uban areas, in animals in rural areas. For more details please refer to the cartograms and tables (Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8). The regional distributions were analysed under various epidemiological aspects. Thus it was found that roughly a quarter of the salmonella infections in man can be assumed to originate from animals. This is probably due to the fact that selective investigations are missing, although quite frequently in a year far more salmonellae are isolated from animals than from man in some rural districts. Also the present restriction of the inspections to diseased animals is completely inadequate and this is born out by the results obtained e.g. in the Netherlands where animals are slaughtered indiscriminately. The conclusion to be drawn from this and the inadequate entries for samples sent in for analysis is that the health authorities must accelerate and intensify their selective enquiries about the identification and control of the source of infection. This applies particularly to the cooperation with factory physicians and veterinarians.
[Water as a vector of infection: waterborne bacteria (author's transl)].
The cholera and typhoid epidemics caused by drinking water were still characterized, at the beginning of the century by a high rate of morbidity and lethality. In addition to these micro-organisms, there are yet other pathogens which find their way into the drinking water. Therefore the pathogens causing infection and for which water can serve as a vector, are shown in a survey and for some of them their survival times in the various types of water are mentioned. The remedial measures which were adopted against the big drinking-water epidemics are represented and the course of the typhoid and the cholera epidemics during the period from 1850 to 1930 is also illustrated. The characteristics of drinking-water epidemics, especially in the case of contamination by S. typhi, are described and supplemented by an illustration. Also the problem of the water field and epidemic field as well as the quantitative spread of pathogens causing infection across all strata of the population are dealt with in detail. Extensive epidemiological data concerning the greatest dysentery drinking-water epidemics caused by Sh. sonnei at Ismaning near Munich give an insight into the genesis of this imported plague. It provides further evidence of the inadequacy into the genesis of this imported plague. It provides further evidence of the inadequacy of our laws which permit hygienic evaluation based on the analysis of samples submitted. No local inspections were carried out and this was ultimately the cause of these epidemics -the health officer in charge put his trust in the good bacteriological findings. Finally the paper deals with the bacteria for which water can also play the role of a vector. Mention is made of the cholera vibrio, vibrio parahaemolyticus, NAG vibrios, enteritis Salmonella in drinking and bathing water, as well as in the waste water-fish pond procedure, erysipelas bacteria, anthrax and field fever, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria.
[Antibacterial in-vitro activity of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid (author's transl)].
The in-vitro activity of nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid was investigated in a combined study in 450 freshly isolated bacterial strains using the agar dilution test. Gram-positive cocci were resistant to both substances except for a few pipemidic acid sensitive staphylococci. Both substances had good antibacterial activity in the gram-negative spectrum. However, the MIC values of pipemidic acid were generally clearly lower than those of nalidixic acid. Only pipemidic acid showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus the in-vitro results showed that pipemidic acid has clear-cut and valuable advantages for the treatment of urinary tract infections when compared with nalidixic acid.
[Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-specific urethritis].
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[The isolation of chlamydia in the male urogenital tract].
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[Chlamydia infections of the urogenital system].
During the last years Chlamydiae have been increasingly recognized as an important cause of urogenital infections. This paper is concerned with the classification, microbiology, cultivation and clinical findings of Chlamydiae, especially Chlamydia trachomatis, as causative agents of genital tract diseases.
[Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pool waters (author's transl)].
During the year 1977 we examined 2226 samples of swimming pool waters for colony counts, Escherichia coli and coliforms according to the German standards for drinking water. In addition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated out from 180 of those samples. This microorganism was found in 4.7% of samples from public municipal swimming pools, in 4.1% from swimming pools in schools, in 13.1% from swimming pools in hotels, boarding-houses, hydropathic establishments, sanatoria, blocks of flats and private dwellings as well as in 38% (!) from swimming pools in hospitals. P. aeruginosa could rarely be isolated together with E. coli or coliforms. However, it was often found in samples, which were faultless according to the bacteriological standards for drinking water. Its necessity as an additional important hygienic parameter will be discussed.
[On a dysentery epidemic (Shigella Sonnei) in Ismaning (author's transl].
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[Experimental studies to culture bacteria from blood specimen with an addition of ampicillin in various nutrient media (author's transl)].
Ampicillin-sensitive or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella strains were cultured in various nutrient media as prototypes of the agents of sepsis isolated in bacteriological routine analysis. In each case, 2 ml of defibrinated human blood containing 100 and 1000 cells, 8 gamma and 80 gamma ampicillin/1 ml blood respectively were added to 50 ml of nutrient medium. The following media were used. 1. casein soya-bean meal peptone broth (Oxoid), 2. tryptose-phosphate medium (Oxoid), 3. dextrose broth (Oxoid), 4. brain-heart-dextrose medium (Oxoid), 5. brain-heart infusion, autoclaved (Difco), 6. brain-heart infusion, after sterile filtration (Difco), 7. vacutainer culture bottles (BD) prepared medium, 8. micrognost blood culture bottles (Biotest) prepared medium. While the sensitive staphylococcus strain exhibited a slower growth than the sensitive Klebsiella strain in all nutrient media, the growth rate of the two resistant variants was approximately the same for an initial count of 100 cells per ml of blood. Among the resistant staphylococci the higher initial count of the inoculum resulted in an improved growth. After addition of 8 gamma or 80 gamma ampicillin/1 ml blood the sensitive staphylococcus strain did not show any grwoth irrespective of the inoculated number of cells while the sensitive Klebsiella strain multiplied irrespective of the initial number of cells. After 24 hours the resistant staphylococci and Klebsiella strains of which 1000 cells each had been used for inoculation exhibited growth in almost all media used.
[Susceptibility of beta-hemolyzing streptococci of the serological groups A, B, C, F, and G to different antibiotics (author's transl)].
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[The importance of mycoplasma in infectious processes (author's transl)].
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for primary atypical pneumonia, has appeared more frequently in recent years. While T-mycoplasma and Mycoplasma hominis are found in greater numbers both in nonspecific urethritis and also in the genital flora, T-mycoplasma may also cause the formation of vesical calculi in animal experiments. Mycoplasma can also be cultured from joint fluids, tumors and from blood samples from parturient women immediately after the birth.
[Mixed infections by hemolyzing streptococci in clinical material (author's transl)].
The distribution of serogroups among 156 strains of beta-hemolyzing streptococci from clinical material was as follows: A - 64.1%, B - 3.2%, C - 11.5%, D - 0.6%, F- 6.4%, G - 14.1% (Table 1). Serogroup A was found in pus specimens in 84%, in throat swabs in 67%, and in sputum specimens (x2 greater than 6.64) in only 23% of strains; among clinical diagnoses (Table 2), distribution of this group was as follows: scarlet fever 100%, infected wounds 83%, and otorhinolaryngological diseases less than 70% of strains. From 54% of specimens received, other organisms were isolated in addition to beta-hemolyzing streptococci, In Table 3, the distribution of serogroups (x2 greater than 1) in cases of single and mixed infections is shown for the most frequent types of material received. Combinations of the individual serogroups with concomitant bacteria, above all Staphylococcus aureus, a number of enterobacteria, and Haemophilus influenzae can be seen from Table 4. Staph. aureus was found preferentially in combination with group A streptococci (x2 greater then 6.64). The proportion of mixed infections among specimens of the most important types of material was varying (Table 5): 82% of sputum specimens, 46%of throat swabs, and 39% of pus specimens. As concomitant organisms, especially Haem. influenzae, Staph. aureus (in throat swabs and pus specimens), and enterobacteria were found. With scarlet fever, Staph. aureus was present in as much as 60% of all cases. Ampicillin-resistant strains were isolated among the various concomitant organisms from 22% of all materials and 45% of all sputum specimens.
[Gut-specific toxic component of the culture filtrate from enteropathogenic colibacteria (proceedings)].
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A system for inducing hyperthermia in sheep.
A system that produces hyperthermia in pregnant sheep in a consistent and reproducible manner was designed. The experimental approach was through control of ambient temperature and relative humidity in a closed chamber; the sheep was unable to lose its metabolic heat in an environment of 42 degrees C and 75% relative humidity. This system resulted in a steady and progressive temperature rise of 2.5 degrees C in the maternal abdominal aorta in 120 +/- 17 min.