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Biomedical subjects

H Masur

Publications and source records attributed to H Masur.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The interaction in vitro of Pneumocystis carinii with macrophages and L-cells.

A model was developed for studying the interaction between Pneumocystis, rat-derived cells, and humoral factors. Pneumocystis were obtained in large quantity by bronchial lavage of steroid-treated rats. The trophozoite was the predominant form obtained, and it could readily be recognized by phase contrast microscopy. Organisms maintained a typical morphology for at least 3 days in culture, and 10-20% took up radiolabeled nucleotides. Pneumocystis readily adhered to cell surfaces in a similar manner in alveolar macrophages from steroid-treated or normal rats, mouse peritoneal macrophages, and L-cells. Adherent organisms were not interiorized to a significant degree in the absence of antipneumocystis serum. After addition of rabbit antipneumocystis serum, rapid interiorization of organisms occurred from the surface of macrophages but not L-cells. Organisms appeared to be promptly destroyed within macrophages after interiorization. Persisting or multiplying intracellular forms were not seen. Antipneumocystis serum did not morphologically alter Pneumocystis. These observations suggest a role for antibody and mononuclear phagocytes during the immune response to Pneumocystis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a family and documentation of acquired retinochoroiditis.

An outbreak of toxoplasmosis in one household is described. It demonstrates the potential for a common source infection with Toxoplasma gondii to cause multiple cases. Six of seven members of a household investigated for toxoplasmosis demonstrated high antibody titers consistent with recent infection; five of these members (83%) were symptomatic. The most common manifestations were fever and lymphadenopathy, which developed from seven to 18 days (mean 11 days) after a common source ingestion of infected meat. Since inadequately cooked lamb, pork and beef are probably the most common sources of infection in the United States, outbreaks of multiple cases may occur more frequently than is generally appreciated. As more outbreaks of febrile illnesses are examined, especially in families and closed communities, it is likely that more common source epidemics of toxoplasmosis will be recognized. Retinochoroiditis is an unusual manifestation of adult acquired toxoplasmosis. In the index case in this epidemic the patient manifested vision threatening retinochoroiditis 129 days after infection with toxoplasmosis. He represents the ninth well-documented case of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis associated with adult acquired disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Serious infections caused by Streptococcus milleri.

Viridans streptococci continue to be the most common etiologic agents in bacterial endocarditis. The spectrum of diseases other than endocarditis caused by these organisms, however, has received sparse attention. Moreover, little clinical information is available concerning the individual viridans streptococcal species. During the 16 months of this study, one species of viridans streptococci, Streptococcus milleri, caused a surprising number of clinically significant suppurative infections. Clinical syndromes included the following: abscesses, 10 cases; peritonitis, four cases; endocarditis, three cases; cholangitis, empyema and cellulitis, one case each. A gastrointestinal source was apparent in eight of these 20 cases. Review of 58 cases of viridans streptococcal endocarditis demonstrated that although Strep. milleri was an infrequent cause of endocarditis, this species was associated with an unusual frequency of suppurative complications. Our experience suggests that Strep. milleri may be more commonly associated with serious suppurative infections than other viridans streptococci and that species identification may be a clinically useful procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Nafcillin therapy for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.

Semisynthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins are recommended for therapy of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, but evaluation of the efficacy and safety of individual agents has received little attention. At The New York Hospital, 11 heroin addicts and 5 nonaddicts were treated with nafcillin. The 11 addicts did well clinically, but four of the five nonaddicts had severe complications, and three of them died. Important adverse reactions to nafcillin occurred in two patients: one developed leukopenia, and one developed an extensive rash. Methicillin was employed to treat two heroin addicts and four nonaddicts. Five of the six patients were cured bacteriologically, but three patients developed nephritis and one patient developed an extensive rash. Nafcillin appears to be highly efficacious for the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis, yielding results at least equal to those obtained with other drugs. Because adverse reactions appear to occur more frequently with methicillin than with nafcillin, we regard nafcillin as the preferable penicillinase-resistant penicillin for the treatment of S. aureus endocarditis.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Septic bursitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary disease caused by Candida species.

Candida species are often found in sputum specimens. Their role as a possible cause of pulmonary disease is a frequent consideration, particularly in patients receiving immunosuppressive or long-standing antimicrobial therapy. At Memorial Hospital and New York Hospital, 30 patients with histologic evidence of Candida pulmonary infection were identified over a two year period. These infections reached the lungs by hematogenous spread in 10 patients and by aspiration in 16 patients. Most the patients had malignant neoplastic disease. The Candida pulmonary disease appeared to be significant clinical factor in only three cases. Experience from our institutions and from the literature indicates that Candida species rarely cause significant pulmonary disease. When such involvement is extensive, the patient is usually terminally ill from multiple other factors.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

Neomycin toxicity revisited.

Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity represent the most hazardous side effects of the clincial use of neomycin sulfate. Despite therapeutic restriction of the latter compound to topical, irrigant, and bowel sterilization use, serious toxicity is still encountered. A 69-year-old patient was recently treated by us for acute renal failure and total deafness induced as a result of intermittent seven-day lavage of a surgical cavity with neomycin. Peritoneal dialysis reduced the serum concentration of the antibiotic and promoted complete recovery of renal function. The patient, however, remained deaf. This case serves as a reminder that neomycin can be absorbed systemically following its use as an irrigant solution. In such cases, it may produce an unsuspected form of "high output" renal failure and concomitant hearing loss. The renal failure is usually reveesible, but the hearing loss is frequently permanent.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1975

The protean manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in adults.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a well recognized respiratory pathogen in children and young adults. In addition, M. pneumoniae infections may also involve other organ systems. Reviewed here are the various clinical syndromes in adults caused by this infectious agent, with emphasis on those which have recently been seen at The New York Hospital. Two previously unreported manifestations of M. pneumoniae infection, cranial nerve mononeuropathy and hepatitis, are described, and the laboratory methods for diagnosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma: A report of two cases.

Two cases of primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma are reported. Review of the literature reveals only seven previous reports. Cases presented predominantly with either hepatomegaly or ascites. Neither history nor physical and laboratory examination distinguished these patients with primary leiomyosarcomas from those with other hepatic tumors. Analysis of the cases reviewed suggests that aggressive hepatic surgery may improve prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional deficits of central sensory and motor pathways in patients with cervical spinal stenosis: a study of SEPs and EMG responses to non-invasive brain stimulation.

The central conduction time of the descending and ascending fibers of the spinal cord were examined in patients with radiologically defined cervical spinal stenosis (antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal less than 13 mm). Nineteen patients were examined, only 4 of whom showed clinical signs of spastic weakness or ataxia. The electromyographic response after non-invasive stimulation of the leg area of the motor cortex was delayed in 13 of the 15 clinically unaffected patients. The central latency (N21-P39) of the somatosensory evoked response after stimulation of the tibial nerve (tibialis SEP) was increased in 12 of the 15 individuals. The 4 patients with clinical signs showed abnormal latencies with both methods. The use of both techniques for the examination of the function of the spinal cord revealed increased latencies in the central motor and/or sensory pathways in all patients. The technique of non-invasive stimulation of the corticospinal system therefore provides an additional tool to detect and quantify subclinical and clinically apparent lesions in patients with defined cervical spinal stenosis.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory period and late muscular responses after transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy children.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was investigated in 24 healthy children between the ages of 3 and 14 years in order to study late muscular responses (as they are observed in adults) as a function of age and maturation. Muscular responses were recorded bilaterally from the biceps muscle. An early muscular response and several late phenomena can be elicited in children. (i) An inhibitory period following the primary response could preferentially be recorded contralaterally. (ii) During facilitation, a late response was recorded bilaterally. (iii) Without facilitation (during 'relaxation'), late responses were recorded bilaterally with a latency of between 50-400 ms. The latency of the latter responses depended on the age of the children, and may therefore be useful in monitoring the maturation of the central motor system in infants. Due to small side-to-side differences, the inhibitory period may be of diagnostic value in children for detection of unilateral dysfunction of the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a logical management strategy for patient populations that have a high incidence of this infectious complication. Appropriate populations for consideration would include those with human immunodeficiency virus infection, recent recipients of bone marrow or solid organ transplants, children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, and adults with T cell leukemias. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given twice daily (2.5 mg of trimethoprim/kg and 12.5 mg of sulfamethoxazole/kg every 12 hours on three or seven consecutive days per week has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in some patient populations. Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine given once weekly and aerosolized pentamidine given once or twice monthly are promising prophylactic agents that are currently undergoing closer scrutiny to determine their efficacy and safety.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection following renal transplantation: a changing pattern.

The spectrum of infectious complications during the first six months after 101 consecutive renal transplants was examined. The most common sites of infection were the lungs, the urinary tract, and the surgical incision. The causative organisms were similar to those in nonimmunosuppressed postsurgical patients. The infections were usually recognized readily by routine clinical examination and responded promptly to antibacterial therapy. Three patients developed opportunistic infection. No patient died as a result of infection. As at several other institutions in recent years, a declining frequency of serious or opportunistic infection in these immunosuppressed patients was noted. However, the results of this study differed markedly from recently reported data which emphasize the importance of overt cytomegaloviral disease as a cause of morbidity and as a factor predisposing to serious--often fatal--superinfection. These differences may be related to the immunosuppressive agents used and certainly have important implications for diagnostic and therapeutic management.

Adolescent↗