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Biomedical subjects

H Markkanen

Publications and source records attributed to H Markkanen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Free amino acid levels in oral fluids of normal subjects and patients with periodontal disease.

The content of free amino acids in submandibular, parotid and whole saliva and in gingival fluid was measured by automatic analyser in patients with progressive periodontitis and in controls. The concentration of individual amino acids showed considerable variation in all the fluids. Two amino acids, proline and delta-aminovaleric acid, were never found in gingival fluid or in submandibular and parotid saliva, although detectable in whole saliva. Thus, these amino acids must appear in whole saliva as a result of bacterial metabolism or by degradation of salivary proteins rich in proline. The free amino acid levels in whole saliva did not reflect those of any of the single oral fluids analysed, further stressing the importance of bacterial metabolism as a cause of the wide range of amino acid concentrations. Because of the multifactorial origin of these free amino acids, their determination in oral fluids is of no practical diagnostic value except perhaps in extreme cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of airpolishing on dental plaque removal and hard tissues as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.

The effect of an air-powder abrasive system on dental hard tissues was tested on 20 volunteers. Impressions of 150 randomly selected areas were taken before and after airpolishing and positive replicas were prepared for scanning electron microscopic examination (SEM). The amount of dental plaque on tooth surfaces was reduced by the treatment (P less than 0.001). The abrasive changes caused by airpolishing on enamel were greater on the surfaces covered by dental plaque before the airpolishing compared to the surfaces without plaque (P less than 0.01). The enamel and cemental surfaces were more abraded after the treatment compared with the initial condition. Despite the effectiveness of the dental airpolishing technique, the negative aspects should be considered in the decision to use airpolishing in routine prophylaxis, especially in patients with root surfaces exposed to the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Gingival fluid, beta 2-microglobulin and protein levels as indicators of periodontal disease.

beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m), lysozyme and protein concentrations in gingival fluid were analyzed in 19 patients with severe periodontitis and in 19 controls devoid of any clinical signs of inflammation. A significant increase of the total protein and beta 2-m levels was found in periodontal subjects. In contrast, lysozyme concentration did not reflect the inflammatory status of the periodontium. Statistical analyses showed significant correlations between beta 2-m and protein concentrations in both groups. Furthermore, the values obtained by Periotron 600 closely correlated with the protein and beta 2-m contents, indicating that this method is a reliable aid in assessment of the quantity and quality of crevicular exudate and thus the severity of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The gingival effects of dental airpolishing as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.

An air-powder abrasive system was tested among 20 volunteers, who had healthy gingiva or slight gingivitis, but no periodontal pockets. Impressions of randomly selected areas (n = 103) were taken before and after airpolishing and positive replicas were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gingival bleeding increased statistically significantly (p less than 0.001) during the treatment. Also gingival erosive changes were increased when using airpolishing technique (p less than 0.001). The erosive changes observed by SEM and the subjective symptoms during and after the operation positively correlated to the presence of gingival inflammation (p less than 0.001). It can be concluded that also the negative aspects of the airpolishing technique should be taken into consideration, especially when operating near the gingival margin.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Periodontal health in 47,XXY men (Klinefelter syndrome).

Periodontal health in 37 patients with a 47,XXY chromosome complement (Klinefelter Syndrome) and in 12 brothers of patients was studied. Mean age-adjusted Gingival, Gingival Bleeding and Calculus Indices were statistically significantly higher in 47,XXY men than in the controls. The mean percentage of tooth surfaces with pathologically deepened probing depths for all 47,XXY men was 8.5%, for the subgroup of 47,XXY men with brothers it was 7.1%, and for the brothers it was 7.5%. Tooth mobility was found in two 47,XXY men and in one control. The results indicate that gingival inflammation was increased in the 47,XXY men than in the controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of labial salivary gland changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by subjective and quantitative methods.

Biopsy of the minor salivary glands is an accepted method in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, the most characteristic feature being the prominent inflammatory cell infiltration. However, difficulties exist in the early diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. The present study was conducted to analyse by subjective and quantitative methods the morphological changes of the salivary glands in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently complicated by Sjögren's syndrome. The subjects of this study were 71 RA patients (mean age 54 +/- 15 years) and their 45 healthy age-matched controls (mean age 60 +/- 14 years). The histologic parameters evaluated were: inflammatory cell infiltration; acinar atrophy; fibrosis, and fatty infiltration. Statistically significant differences between the RA and the control groups were found in all parameters (p less than 0.001) except the fatty infiltration. This indicates that destruction of the salivary glands including fibrosis and acinar atrophy is associated with RA. Only the fatty infiltration seems to be an age-dependent change. All salivary gland biopsies of the RA patients were photographed and evaluated planimetrically, for the same parameters as in the subjective evaluation. An excellent reproducibility between the two methods was found, thus indicating the applicability of the subjective evaluation in the assessment of early salivary gland changes in RA patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Free amino-acid content of wax-stimulated human whole saliva as related to periodontal disease.

This content was analysed in patients with chronic periodontitis and in control subjects. In periodontal disease, it was characterized by higher mean concentrations of glycine, proline, tyrosine and delta-aminovaleric acid than in controls (p less than 0.001). However, the range of values varied considerably in the two groups. There were differences between periodontitis and control samples in the proportions of proline to serine (p less than 0.01) and proline to glutamic acid and glutamine (p less than 0.05). Bacterial contamination and decomposition of salivary proteins is responsible for the elevated salivary levels of glycine, proline, tyrosine and delta-aminovaleric acid in the periodontal group.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Periodontal conditions with removable complete and partial dentures in the adult population aged 30 years and over.

The periodontal conditions of subjects with different combinations of removable dentures were studied in a representative sample of 8000 subjects, of which 90% were used for the experiment. The number of subjects with removable dentures was 1468. Subjects with removable partial dentures had significantly more pockets and deeper pockets than did those without dentures. The periodontal condition of subjects with a complete denture in the opposite jaw was significantly better than that in other subjects. This was true in both men and women. The results indicated the importance of prophylactic and maintenance care in subjects with removable partial dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Subjective need of removable denture treatment in Finnish adults.

The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical dental health, use of dental services and socio-economic factors correlating with the subjective need for removable dentures in Finnish adults aged 30 years and older. A total of 2528 persons who had lost one or more natural teeth (wisdom teeth excluded) and who had not been provided with any dentures, were selected for this study. Subjects who had subjective need for prosthetic treatment had statistically significantly fewer teeth and fewer fillings, and more decayed teeth than others. Irregular users of dental services felt the need for a prosthesis more often than did regular users of those services. Irregular brushing of teeth was also associated with a greater need for prosthetic treatment. Men, older individuals and persons with less education and a smaller family income felt the need for prosthetic treatment more often than women, younger individuals and better educated persons. The factors differentiating between the two groups with and without a subjective prosthetic treatment need were analysed by discriminant analysis. The best differentiating factors were frequency of dental visits, caries score, frequency of brushing teeth, family income, number of fillings and sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Occlusal interferences related to dental panoramic radiographic changes in subjects treated with fixed prosthesis.

Because of contradictory reports between clinical and radiographic findings, occlusal analysis correlated to dental panoramic findings was completed in 147 patients treated with fixed prosthesis. Both occlusal interferences and radiographic changes in the TMJ area and/or in dentition were frequently discovered. Dysfunction and occlusal indices gave statistically significant correlations to radiographic changes (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively) in the TMJ area. Periodontal changes with vertical bone pocket formation and sclerotic lamina dura seem to be early radiographic findings and occlusal interferences were the only means to give a clear-cut correlation to the radiographic changes (P less than 0.001). However, if periodontal tissues with supporting bone structure fail to respond to occlusal trauma, changes in the TMJ area will probably appear. From the clinical changes the deviation on mouth opening, tenderness to palpation of TMJ, and slide from retrusion to intercuspidation (RP-IP) explained most of the radiological TMJ changes when tested by the discriminant analysis. The value of radiographic follow-up of subjects following prosthetic treatment is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of six colour vision tests for occupational screening.

Screening of red-green colour vision defects was done for 52 school children (22 boys and 30 girls) and 231 trade school students (226 boys and 5 girls) with three different kinds of pseudo-isochromatic plates: Ishihara (1983), Boström-Kugelberg (1972), and Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 1 (SPP 1) 1978, and with three different kinds of vision screeners: Keystone View Model DVS 2, Bausch and Lomb Vision Tester, and Rodenstock Farbentestscheibe 3040.173. After these tests, each subject was examined with the Nagel Anomaloscope; this revealed 26 red-green defectives in the study group. Ishihara found 20/26 (76.9%), Boström-Kugelberg 24/26 (92.3%), and SPP 1 17/26 (65.4%) of the defectives. None of the normals were diagnosed as defectives with Ishihara or SPP 1. With Boström-Kugelberg four normals were diagnosed as defectives. Keystone found 24/26 (92.3%), Bausch and Lomb 26/26 (100%), and Rodenstock 25/26 (96.2%) of the defectives. But 9, 21, and 112 normals, respectively, were diagnosed as defective. In the present study, the Boström-Kugelberg and Ishihara plates as well as Keystone Vision Screener and Bausch and Lomb Vision tester came close to an effective screening test and could be recommended for screening red-green colour vision defects in occupational health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Salivary and serum levels of electrolytes and immunomarkers in edentulous healthy subjects and in those with rheumatoid arthritis.

Chemical analyses of serum and stimulated parotid saliva of 73 edentulous patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and of 36 edentulous healthy controls were performed. The purpose of the present work was to assess the possible correlations between the concentrations of electrolytes and immunomarkers such as lysozyme, IgA, beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) and rheumatoid factor (RF) in serum and saliva. The results of the chemical analyses of the serum showed elevated values for IgA, IgM, lysozyme and beta 2-m. In addition 45 patients were positive for rheumatoid factor. In saliva, the only significant difference between the groups studied was decreased potassium concentration in the RA patients. Nine salivary specimens were RF positive. There was a highly significant correlation between serum beta 2 and salivary IgA, lysozyme, beta 2-m, urea and amylase in the RA patients. In addition, serum lysozyme and RF were related to salivary beta 2-m and urea. However, no such relations could be observed in the controls. These findings indicate that serum immunomarkers have an effect on the salivary constituents in the patients with an altered immunological state. The importance of simultaneous serum analysis is emphasized when salivary levels are to be interpreted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Influence of occlusal interferences on the periodontium in patients treated with fixed prosthesis.

Gingival bleeding, pocket depth, and tooth mobility were recorded, and occlusal analyses were made on 147 subjects treated with fixed prostheses placed 4 years earlier. The percent of gingival bleeding was greater in teeth with interferences than in those without interferences. A slight increase in pocket depth was found in connection with interferences. However, the difference was statistically significant only in the group with no preprosthetic treatment. No differences in tooth mobility were found between teeth with and those without interferences, possibly partly because of the splinting influence of the fixed partial dentures on the mobile teeth.

Crowns↗