Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Madsen.
The cutaneous bleeding time was shortened after smoking high nicotine cigarettes while not after smoking nicotine free cigarettes. The ADP induced primary platelet aggregation was not enhanced. The number of circulating platelet aggregates did not change due to smoking.
In order to evaluate the possible underlying factors for the increase in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content observed in late diabetic pregnancy, its relationship with serum unconjugated oestriol, human placental lactogen, haemoglobin and hydrogen ion concentrations was investigated in 42 pregnant diabetic women. A significant correlation was found between red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and serum unconjugated oestriol (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001), whereas no correlation was present between 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the following variables: arterial pH, haemoglobin concentration and human placental lactogen. The content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate correlated significantly with haemoglobin-oxygen affinity expressed as P50 at pH 7.4 (r = 0.34, p less than 0.05). The results of this study indicate that serum unconjugated oestriol may participate in the regulation of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content and thereby of the maternal blood oxygen release to the fetus.
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Helisoma duryi is a planorbid snail, which has been suggested as biological control agent against the intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis. This snail species has been present in a sugar estate in northern Tanzania since 1972. In January 1981 a snail survey was done in this area in order to determine the distribution and abundance of H. duryi relative to other freshwater snail species. The distribution of H. duryi was found to be restricted to a few drains, while Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Bulinus natalensis, and Lymnaea natalensis were widespread. However, where H. duryi was found, no or very few B. pfeifferi were recorded indicating either competitive interactions between the two species or perhaps differences in the ecological preferences of the two species. No competitive interactions were indicated between H. duryi and B. natalensis. The apparent failure of H. duryi to spread in the area might be due to regular molluscicide application to the canal system and drainage canals, where H. duryi did not occur.
Parameters of red cell oxygen transport were studied in 23 nonsmoking, insulin-dependent diabetic women and 20 nonsmoking healthy women late during pregnancy. In the pregnant diabetic women, arterial oxygen saturation (SAT) and arterial oxygen tension were significantly decreased. SAT correlated inversely with hemoglobin Alc (Hb Alc) (diabetic women: r = -0.43, p less than 0.05; total material: r = 0.66, p less than 0.001). Red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was significantly increased in the pregnant diabetic women (p less than 0.01), but the 2,3-DPG-induced change in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity was impaired. P50 (oxygen affinity, i.e., Po2 at 50% oxygen saturation) at actual pH correlated inversely with Hb Alc of the diabetic women (r = -0.45, p less than 0.05). The suggestion is made that, in diabetic pregnancy, particularly in poorly regulated cases, fetal hypoxia may be an important factor of the increased risk of intrauterine fetal death.
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The relationship between blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbAlc) had been investigated during an 8 week period in 53 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic women studied during the third trimester of pregnancy. Blood glucose estimations (fasting and 2h post-prandially) were made an average of 41 times in each patient during this period and HbAlc was determined once at the end of the study. There was a significant correlation between both the mean blood glucose over the preceding 8 weeks and the standard deviation of the fasting blood glucose with HbAlc (r = 0.69, p less than 0.001; r = 0.46, p less than 0.001, respectively). A "glycosylation index" was calculated for each patient (HbAlc divided by the mean blood glucose value). There was a significant correlation between the "glycosylation index" and duration of diabetes (r = 0.68, p less than 0.001). In contrast, there was no correlation between red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and HbAlc or "glycosylation index". These findings suggest that increasing duration of diabetes influences the post-translational formation of HbAlc and that isolated HbAlc values need to be interpreted with caution in the pregnant diabetic.
HLA antigens were determined in a sample of 47 patients with the diagnosis and family history of Huntington's disease (HD). Two groups consisting of 20 and 11 unrelated patients respectively were investigated. In the first group an increased frequency of HLA-Bw44 (p less than 0.05) and of HLA-A11 (p less than 0.05) was found, but after correcting for multiple inferences the differences were no longer statistically significant. No correlation was found between sex, age of onset, initial symptom, and HLA type. In order to find out if the increased frequency of HLA-Bw44 was real or due to chance, the second group of patients was investigated. In this group the frequency of HLA-Bw44 did not differ from the normal population and a strong association between HLA and HD could be excluded.
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Secondary amenorrhea, elicited by metoclopamide (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia, was found in a 24-year-old woman. Withdrawal of the drug was followed by normalization of the hyperprolactinemia, as well as the menses. For many years metoclopamide (PrimperanR) has been used for various dyspeptic inconveniences, such as gastro-esophageal reflux, ventricular rentention and postoperative tarm-atom. Well-known secondary effects are reported to be drowsiness, uneasiness, restlessness and extra-pyramidal secondary effects in the form of acute dystom. The present case of secondary amenorrhea caused by metoclopamide (PrimperanR) induced hyperprolactinemia has been verified clinically, serologically and by treatment.
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Hemoglobin A1c in diabetics has been shown to be an index of average blood glucose levels in the preceding 1-2 months. We confirm this relationship in a group of 12 insulin-treated diabetics and extend it to 16 pregnant insulin-treated patients as well. Lower levels of HbA1c in pregnancy could be explained by better control. In an ongoing sequential study of 5 pregnant diabetics home-monitoring their blood glucose, we have an impression, that this relationship holds true for individual patients. If this is confirmed, the level of glycosylated hemoglobins in pregnancy may be used as a warning signal for deterioration of glucose control in out-patients.