Biomedical subjects

H M Eriksen

Publications and source records attributed to H M Eriksen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Endodontic treatment and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population of Vilnius, Lithuania.

Apical periodontitis is prevalent in many Western populations and is frequently detected in connection with inferior quality of endodontic treatment. However, information about endodontic conditions from eastern European countries is limited. The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of apical periodontitis and the quality of endodontic treatment in 35-44-year-old Lithuanians. The prevalence of apical periodontitis was 70%. An overall success rate of 65% was found for root-filled teeth while 56% of pulp amputations (pulpotomies) were considered successful based on a radiographic evaluation. The quality of the root fillings showed little impact on the treatment results, except for over-extended fillings, which were associated with a high number of failures.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in an adult, Portuguese population.

The present epidemiological study is derived from a random sample of 322 residents of the Porto area, aged 30-39 years. Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment were evaluated from orthopantomograms, available from 179 of a total of 197 individuals attending for examination. The results indicated a prevalence of apical periodontitis in 27% of this population. The quality of a majority (54%) of the 69 root fillings observed were found to be inadequate, (i.e. short and/or poorly condensed), but only 15 (22%) of the endodontically treated teeth presented with apical periodontitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Has caries merely been postponed?

During the last 25 years there has been a substantial caries decline among children and adolescents in many Western societies. Recent epidemiologic data show a reduced caries prevalence also in young adult cohorts, indicating that the caries reduction is maintained into adulthood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Need and desire for orthodontic (re-)treatment in 35-year-old Norwegians.

Long-term outcome of orthodontic care systems may be studied by examining malocclusion and treatment need in groups of treated and untreated adults. The objective of the present work was to investigate the professionally defined need as well as the need perceived by the individuals in an attempt to study the outcome of orthodontic services. The material comprised data from 111 individuals collected from a random sample of 35-year-olds from Oslo, Norway. From a clinical examination and measurements on dental study casts, the subjects were classified into either of 4 levels of need according to the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Index (NOTI) used by the Norwegian Health Insurance System. Perceived need for treatment was analyzed from responses to questions about satisfaction with dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment presented in a questionnaire. Satisfaction with dental appearance was recorded in 85% and 92% of untreated and previously treated, respectively. Desire for treatment was expressed by 19% of the untreated and 3% of the treated individuals. Occlusal anomalies were present among both the treated and untreated subjects, and the clinical significance of the malocclusion traits observed is discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Attitudes to malocclusion among 18- and 35-year-old Norwegians.

Knowledge about age-related changes in attitudes to dental appearance and orthodontic treatment may guide the orthodontist in educating and providing advice to potential patients and their parents. The purpose of the present study was to compare attitudes to malocclusion in groups of young and middle-aged adults from populations having been exposed to similar provision of care. The material comprised samples of orthodontically untreated 18-yr-olds (n = 50) and 35-yr-olds (n = 73) from Oslo, Norway. From a clinical examination, radiographs, and measurements on dental study casts, the subjects were classified according to the Need for Orthodontic Treatment Index (NOTI) used by the Norwegian Health Insurance System. Satisfaction with dental appearance and desire for orthodontic treatment were investigated using questionnaires. The 35-yr-olds exhibited significantly more malocclusion compared to the 18-yr-olds (P < 0.01). Among subjects classified to have obvious need for orthodontic treatment, 54% and 21% expressed dissatisfaction at ages 18 yr and 35 yr, respectively, indicating a lower level of concern for malocclusion in the older age group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Dental caries determinants in an adult Portuguese population and a comparison with Norwegian adults.

The present epidemiologic dental caries study indicates a high number of decayed surfaces (mean, 13.5 +/- 11.8 (SD)) in a Portuguese population of 30- to 39-year-olds from Porto. The most influential determinants for variation in carious surfaces were oral hygiene, gender, salivary buffer capacity, and missing teeth. By entering the most influential independent variables in a final multiple classification analysis, the total explained variance in carious surfaces was 27%. A comparison with results from a similar Norwegian dental health study showed that the biologic factors of importance for number of carious surfaces were the same, whereas the sociocultural determinants differed.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Caries prevalence and oral hygiene in Lithuanian children and adolescents.

Contrary to what is observed in many Western societies, the caries prevalence among children and adolescents in the Baltic States remains high. The aims of the present study were to describe the caries prevalence and oral hygiene among 7-, 12-, and 15-year-old Lithuanians and to correlate the caries prevalence with fluoride content in the drinking water, oral hygiene, gender, ethnicity, and pattern of sugar consumption. The investigation was based on cluster samples, and the clinical investigation was performed in accordance with criteria defined by WHO. High DMFT values were registered (mean DMFT = 1.3 among 7-year-olds; DMFT = 4.9 among 12-year-olds and 7.0 among 15-year-olds) and were associated with low fluoride content in the drinking water and poor oral hygiene. Girls showed higher DMFT values than boys. No correlation between pattern of sugar consumption and caries prevalence could be disclosed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Caries experience of 35-year-old Oslo residents and changes over a 20-year period.

The dental health of 35-year-old Oslo citizens was investigated in cross-sectional studies applying similar methods in 1973, 1984 and 1993. In the 1993 investigation, a clinical and radiographic examination of dental caries was performed on 121 randomly selected individuals (response rate 68 per cent). DMFT/S scores were used for recording caries experience. Carious surfaces (DS) were related to independent variables organised under the four main categories of health field concept; environment, behaviour, biology and health care. Mean DMFS based on 28 teeth was 40.9 in 1993, compared to 66.5 in 1984 and 68.2 in 1973. DS, MS, FS and DMF values were significantly lower in 1993 compared with those from the previous 1973 and 1984 studies, while only minor differences were detected from 1973 to 1984. High numbers of decayed surfaces (DS) were significantly associated with poor oral hygiene, unsatisfactory economic status and irregular dental visiting habits. The most influential independent variables explained 35 per cent of the variance in carious surfaces (DS).

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Changes in endodontic status 1973-1993 among 35-year-olds in Oslo, Norway.

Epidemiological investigations from Scandinavia have documented high prevalence of apical periodontitis and inferior quality and results of endodontic treatment performed in general practice. The present investigation is part of a 20-year follow-up study on oral health in 35-year-old Oslo citizens focusing on endodontic conditions. The results indicate reduced prevalence of apical periodontitis and statistically significant improvement in endodontic status compared with results from a similar study performed in 1984.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Changes in periodontal treatment needs. A follow-up study of Oslo citizens from the ages of 35 to 50 years.

A random sample of 35-year-old subjects from Oslo took part in a dental survey in 1973 and were re-examined in 1988. Eighty-one subjects (85%) attended the final examination. The need for periodontal treatment was assessed by the Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS), and the oral hygiene by the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). The participants attended a structured interview and answered a questionnaire about general and dental health habits as well as psycho-social factors. Only small changes in the distribution of subjects in the different PTNS categories were found to have taken place during the 15 years. In 1973, 56.8% were in need of scaling (Class B) and 32.1% had one or more deep inflamed pockets (Class C), and in 1988 the scores were 54.3% and 30.1% respectively. A logistic regression model was used to study the associations between risk factors and increased treatment need, as expressed by increase in the number of C-quadrants. Increased number of C-quadrants was positively associated both with short duration of education and with no interdental cleaning. Using a socio-ecological model for periodontal diseases, variables describing the items "behaviour" and "environment" were found to be most closely associated with increased need for periodontal treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Fluvastatin efficacy and tolerability in comparison and in combination with cholestyramine.

The aim of this study was to investigate the new synthetic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, fluvastatin, for efficacy, safety and tolerability in comparison to cholestyramine. One hundred fifty one primary hypercholesterolaemic patients participated in this double-blind, parallel-group, randomized study. During the first 12 weeks of the study, fluvastatin (20 mg and 40 mg daily) was compared with cholestyramine (16 g per day). In the subsequent, 6-week part of the study, the comparative efficacy, safety and tolerability of 20 mg fluvastatin, combined with cholestyramine (4 g, 8 g, or 16 g) were assessed. Fluvastatin (40 mg) reduced LDL cholesterol by 28.0%, triglycerides by 10.5% and increased HDL cholesterol by 3.7%. Cholestyramine (16 g) reduced LDL cholesterol by 35.0%, but raised triglycerides and HDL cholesterol by 12.3% (p < 0.01) and 3.7% respectively. The combination of fluvastatin 20 mg and cholestyramine (4 g, 8 g and 16 g) induced the following reductions in LDL cholesterol: 30.4%, 35.6% and 46.6% respectively. There was no significant change in triglycerides in either group although HDL cholesterol was raised by 4.9%, 8.3% and 7.2% respectively. One patient treated with fluvastatin and two treated with cholestyramine were withdrawn from the study due to elevation of liver transaminases. The most frequent subjective adverse effects in both treatment groups were mild, transient gastrointestinal complaints. Thus, fluvastatin was effective as a lipid-lowering agent; the effect was further enhanced when fluvastatin was combined with cholestyramine.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗

PubMed1994

Caries prevalence of young adults in Oslo, Norway, and Porto, Portugal. A comparative analysis.

The purpose of the present study was primarily to establish the oral health status of young adults in the area of Porto, Portugal. The assessment is based on a random sample of 30- to 39-year-olds with criteria identical to those of a Norwegian study of 35-year-olds. This makes it possible also to present a comparative analysis of the caries prevalence in Oslo, Norway, and Porto, Portugal. The results indicate lower DMF scores among the Portuguese (DMFS = 46.2) than the Norwegian (DMFS = 85.0) adults. The difference is primarily due to a greater number of filled surfaces among the Norwegians (FS = 59.7) than the Portuguese (FS = 4.4). However, carious surfaces are more prevalent among Portuguese than Norwegian adults (DS = 9.2 versus DS = 3.3). Both among Portuguese and Norwegian adults, oral hygiene and dental visits seem to play an important role with regard to the prevalence of decayed surfaces. Decayed surfaces were more prevalent among men than women, and a correlation between social status and prevalence of decayed surfaces was present in both societies.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Design of a socio-ecologic caries model and testing on 50-year-old citizens of Oslo, Norway.

The purpose of the present study was to design a socio-ecologic caries model based on a general health model and to test the fit of data collected from a random sample of 200 50-year-old Oslo citizens to this designed model. The intention was also to investigate the relative importance of the four items environmental, behavioral, human biology, and health care organization factors. The dependent variable, number of carious surfaces, was recorded clinically and radiologically. The mean number of carious surfaces was 3.0 (SD, 3.5), with a range from 0 to 17, and the four items explained 5%, 25%, 28%, and 13% of the variance in number of carious surfaces, respectively. The complete model explained 42%, whereas traditionally used variables on the basis of the Keyes triad explained only 22% of the variance. The findings from the present study indicate that dental caries is a multifactorial disease with both behavioral and biologic determinants, and the socio-ecologic caries model represents a relevant supplement to the Keyes triad.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1992

Factors of importance for changes in dental caries among adults. A follow-up study of Oslo citizens from the age of 35 to 50 years.

Eighty-one 35-year-old Oslo citizens examined in 1973 were reexamined after 15 years, to monitor changes in their caries situation expressed as carious surfaces (DS + DFS). Factors considered to be of importance for a change in the number of carious surfaces over this 15-year period were arranged under four items: environment, behavior, human biology, and health care organization. The results showed a slight but not statistically significant increase in the overall caries experience expressed as DMFS. A statistically significant reduction in DS + DFS from the age of 35 to 50 years was demonstrated. Despite this reduction 23% of the 50-year-olds had more carious surfaces than at age 35. The results indicate that the improvement in the number of untreated carious surfaces reported from many Western societies is also valid for adult Norwegians. However, this improvement is not shared by all. Multivariate analyses showed that behavioral factors had the greatest impact on the observed changes in dental health.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Concepts of health and disease and caries prediction: a literature review.

Biomedical determinants of dental caries have been more extensively investigated than psychosocial factors and their impact on caries prevalence and incidence seems to be greater. However, a majority of these investigations relate to children and adolescents. An implementation of social and psychologic variables may be more relevant regarding dental caries in adults. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach might improve our understanding of dental caries as a multifactorial disease and bridge the gap between a biomedical concept and a more holistic approach to dental health.

Dental Caries↗

PubMed1991

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and results of endodontic treatment in middle-aged adults in Norway.

The present investigation based on a random sample of 50-year-olds from Oslo, Norway, indicate a prevalence of apical periodontitis of 3.5% of the teeth present. Forty-four percent of the endodontically treated teeth presented with a radiographically detectable periapical radiolucency. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the quality of the root fillings evaluated and prevalence of apical periodontitis.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Endodontology--epidemiologic considerations.

The limited information available from endodontic epidemiologic research indicates an increase in prevalence of apical periodontitis with increasing age. Furthermore, apical periodontitis seems mainly to be present in connection with already endodontically treated teeth. This finding should be of particular concern since there is a discrepancy between the quality and results of endodontic therapy performed in general practice compared with the results obtained in specialty clinics. Pulpitis and acute apical periodontitis are main reasons for seeking emergency treatment and affect many people. Dental trauma frequently involving the dentin/pulp organ are likewise prevalent, affecting 30% of children and adolescents. Most information available regarding endodontic treatment is derived from well-controlled clinical studies performed by specialists. Epidemiologic data should be considered a necessary complement to this source of knowledge regarding etiologic factors and proper treatment procedures in order to improve the results of endodontic practice.

Dental Pulp Necrosis↗

PubMed1991

Is there a long-term caries-preventive effect of sugar restrictions during World War II?

Wartime decrease in caries prevalence among children explained by restrictions in sugar availability and consumption is widely documented. The aim of the present investigation was to study possible long-term effects of this regimen on dental caries. Norwegian age cohorts who were 7 years old during World War II were reexamined in 1983. On the basis of DMF recordings of their first permanent molars, a long-lasting beneficial effect of the wartime caries decrease could not be demonstrated.

Adult↗