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Biomedical subjects

H Ludwig

Publications and source records attributed to H Ludwig.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Multifocal retinopathy in Borna disease virus infected rabbits.

Experimental infection of rabbits with Borna disease virus led in all cases to a multifocal retinopathy that paralleled the clinical neurologic symptoms. The retinal changes always became evident first in the lower anterior quadrant of the eye. Infectious virus and antigen were detected in altered and unaltered regions of the retina. Individual chorioretinal lesions showed destruction of the pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors and perivascular inflammation close to small choroidal veins. Because of maximal antigen accumulation and the focal destruction of the retinal pigment epithelium we consider this cell layer to be the initially damaged structure.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ia-Type alloantigens and humoral autoimmune responsiveness in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

In the search for markers either closely linked to or identical with the hypothetical "diabetogenic major histocompatibility gene," immune region-associated alloantigens were defined in 80 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and in 107 controls. A close association between the Ia-type alloantigen DRw3 and DRw4 and insulin-dependent diabetes was obtained. DRw3 was found in 36% and DRw4 in 32% of the patients compared to 11% and 16%, respectively, of the controls. In addition, a significant influence of DRw3 and humoral anti-islet-cell autoimmunity could be observed, which was found to be due to a high incidence of DRw3 in those patients with islet cell antibody persistence. Islet-cell antibodies (ICA) were observed in 60% of the DRw3-positive patients compared to only 9% of the DRw3-negatives with longstanding disease (greater than 5 yr). These data show a significant association between insulin-dependent diabetes and the Ia-type alloantigens DRw3 (p uncorr. less than 0.0005) and DRw4 (p uncorr. less than 0.025). Furthermore, they provide direct evidence of an association between an Ia-type alloantigen and persisting humoral autoimmune responsiveness in man.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

The use of an oscillating-tube densitometer as a tool in enzyme kinetics. Determination of the influence of sodium ascorbate on invertase, dextransucrase and dextranase.

The use of a commercial oscillating-tube densitometer with an accuracy of 4 . 10(-7) g/cm3 for the determination of enzyme-kinetics constants is tested. This method is applied to the investigation of the influence of vitamin C (sodium ascorbate) on the glycolytic enzymes invertase, dextransucrase and dextranase. Invertase is inhibited uncompetitively, dextransucrase non-competitively. There is no significant effect of the vitamin on dextranase. The comparison of the mechanisms of the three enzymes suggests that only those reaction steps are inhibited by vitamin C in which fructose is released from the enzyme.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin G-insulin antibodies and immune region-associated alloantigens in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The present study was undertaken to determine the importance of immune region-associated alloantigens for susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD), their possible influence on immunoglobulin G-insulin antibody formation, and their clinical significance. Incidence of DRw3 and DRw4 (HLA D-related immune region-associated alloantigens; w, defined by sera dispensed during the Seventh International Histocompatibility Workshop) was found with significantly increased frequency in the IDD patients (n = 50) compared to healthy individuals (n = 107). Subjects positive for DRw3 carry a 4.5-fold increased risk and those positive for DRw4 carry a 2.5-fold increased risk of developing IDD. By analyzing immunoglobulin G-insulin antibody titers in DRw3-positive and DRw3-negative patients (all treated with conventional Lente insulin), a significant tendency for high insulin-binding capacity (IBC) was noted in the latter group, yielding a mean IBC of 2.24 in DRw3-negative and 0.74 in DRw3-positive diabetics (P less than 0.02). A significantly increased insulin dosage was needed for adequate metabolic control in those patients with high IBC (IBC greater than 3.0 U/liter). Patients with high IBC and high insulin requirements were predominantly found to be DRw3 negative. Our data demonstrate that IDD is more closely associated with DRw3 than with all hitherto described HLA A, B, and C locus alloantigens of the major histocompatibility complex. In addition, these immunogenetic factors seem to be of clinical importance by influencing the humoral antiinsulin immune response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Monocyte cytotoxicity in Hodgkin's disease].

Monocyte mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was determined in 23 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 29 normal healthy controls. ADCC activity of monocytes was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.01) in patients when compared to the controls. No significant difference was observed in the number of non specific esterase positive-monocytes in both groups of individuals, investigated. Thus increased ADCC activity of monocytes in Hodgkin's disease in this particular ADCC system is due to an increased lytic capacity of monocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Disturbances in granulocyte chemotaxis in patients with multiple myeloma].

a) Leukocyte chemotactic activity, b) cytotaxic activity of patients' sera and c) influence of patients' sera on chemotactic activity of control leukocytes was studied in 18 patients with multiple myeloma, one patient with monoclonal IgE-gammopathy of undetermined significance and 32 controls. Chemotactic activity of patient leukocytes against Zymosan-activated normal serum and against Casein was reduced significantly. In addition, in 66% of the patients a chemotaxis inhibiting serum factor was observed. The Zymosan-induced generation of cytotaxic factors did not differ in patients or control sera. These data show that leukocyte inherent defects as well as serum factors give rise to reduced leukocyte chemotactic activity in patients with multiple myeloma. This impairment is likely to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infections in that disorder.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1979

[New aspects in the clinical course determination and therapy in multiple myeloma].

Multiple myeloma can be regarded as model disease for quantification of tumor mass, investigation of tumor cell kinetics and of tumor response to therapy. The quantification of the tumor cell number allows evaluation of prognosis and monitoring of disease as well as of therapy induced responses. Treatment of multiple myeloma is primarily based on the alkylating drugs cyclophosphamide and melphalan. In recent years other cytostatic substances, also effective in the treatment of this disorder have been introduced. However, the sensitivity determination of the individual myeloma stem cells seems to be the only possible method which possibly increases the response rate significantly. In accordance with these considerations we have, in preliminary clinical investigations, observed a good correlation between the in vitro determined cytostatic drug sensitivity and the in vivo response to therapy. Further progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma is to be expected with the introduction of interferon into the therapeutic regimen. Administration of this glycoprotein has resulted in significant reduction of tumor mass in more than half of all patients treated up to this time.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Profiles in chronic diseases. I. Investigations of steroid profiles in uremia (author's transl)].

Steroid profiles of hemofiltrates of uremic patients contain as main steroids the sulfates of 11beta-hydroxyetiocholanolone, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 11beta-hydroxyandrosterone and 11-ketoandrosterone. In blood of uremic patients androstenediol is the main steroid of the sulfate fraction, while in blood of healthy persons dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is the main steroid. The gradual decrease of the kidney function is characterized by an increase of 11-oxigenated androstane conjugates in urine.

Androstenediols↗
PubMed1978

[Multi-organ specific autoimmunity in idiopathic adrenal insufficiency: autosensitization to steroid hormone-producing cells and antigens of the anterior pituitary gland (author's transl)].

Multi-organ specific autosensitization to endocrine active cells, with particular reference to steroid hormone-producing (STH) tissues and cells of the anterior pituitary, has been studied in 23 patients with idiopathic Addison's disease (IAD). Adrenal antibodies were found in 57% of the patients and antibodies reacting with StH-cells (thecal and interstitial cells of the ovarial stroma, placental syncytiotrophoblast and Leydig's interstitial cells) were detected in 22% of cases. A specific staining reaction with antigens of the anterior pituitary was obtained in 2 patients. Dense lymphocytic infiltrates were found in the anterior pituitary, adrenal and thyroid gland in one of the pituitary antibody-positive patients. In addition, dense IgG deposits were observed in some areas of adrenal tissue, which points to in vivo fixation of adrenal antibodies. On the basis of the clinical and immunological heterogeneity observed in patients with adrenal insufficiency a more precise differentiation of Addison's disease is suggested.

Adrenal Insufficiency↗
PubMed1978

[The influence of metabolic control on chemotactic activity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

An increased incidence of infections, especially during periods of poor metabolic control is well known in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we studied polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and its dependence on the degree of diabetic control in 49 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in 46 controls. A modification of the chemotaxis assay described by Frei et al. was used as test system. The mean chemotactic activity observed in the total group of insulin-dependent diabetics did not differ from the values obtained in the controls. However, in patients with poor diabetic control and glucosuria exceeding 60 g/24h, a significantly reduced chemotactic leucoyte migration was found. These data indicate that normalization of leucotaxis can be achieved in insulin-dependent diabetes by means of adequate diabetes control.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Endocervical form of the vaginal adenosis (author's transl)].

Vaginal adenosis is a rare kind of disease without specific symptoms and does not represent a very serious disorder from the beginning. Concerning the etiology teratogenetic dependencies are known which still are interpreted in different ways in the recent literature. The increased number of cases, including those with clear-cell-carcinoma of the vagina, in juveniles after exposition to DES during the early embryonal development shows in particular (Central index for the stilbestrol-adenosis-carcinoma-syndrome in the USA, since 1971) a wrong pathway in the organogenesis of cervix and vagina. This occurs at the interference zone between the epithelium of the Müllerian ducts and the epithelium of the sinus urogenitalis of the female fetus and in so far constitutes the origin of vaginal adenosis. The basics of the possibility of the development of such irregular differentiation and heterotopic dissemination are proven again by the case report of a vaginal adenosis showing the highly differentiated endocervical type. Not every case of vaginal adenosis does signify a precancerous lesion. The separation of the most frequently endocervical manifestation observed from endometrial and intermediate forms might be difficult. A positive distinction is prognostically essential, however, since clear-cell-carcinomas of the vagina are known in occurence with the endometrial type of vaginal adenosis only. Scanning electron microscopy as a method to follow tissue organization reveals the way of differentiation between the various types via ultrastructural analysis for vaginal adenosis is an example for failures of developmental organization. The same analysis is feasible in cytological smears also. The therapeutic requirements of vaginal adenosis depend on the tissular differentiation and the given local extent of the adenomatous lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cardinal symptom: uterine hemorrhage (author's transl)].

Uterine hemorrhages are dependent on the vascular architecture of the endometrium: the endometrial spiral arteries supply sectors strictly separated from each other at intervals of about 1.4 mm. Their function is so closely coupled with the endocrine regulation of the cycle that the presence of hormonal receptors in the vessel wall must be assumed. Menstrual bleeding is an instructive example of morphologically detectable endocrine controlled processes. Endometrial hemorrhage in adenocarcinoma appears early, but it is not an early symptom because the surface epithelium remains intact at first. The diagnosis of precancerous changes in the endometrium (adenomatous hyperplasia--carcinoma in situ) is based on the condition of the surface epithelial cells. Extrauterine pregnancies, miscarriages and trophoblastic diseases are usually diagnosed from the uterine hemorrhage. The quality of the hemorrhage in early pregnancy has less diagnostic importance than, for example, in dyshormonal hemorrhagic disorders.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗