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Biomedical subjects

H Liu

Publications and source records attributed to H Liu.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Lymph node metastasis of T1, T2 squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung: characteristics and clinical significance.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency, distribution and features of lymph nodes metastasis in T(1)/T(2) squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and to provide evidence for extensive dissection of lymph nodes. METHODS: 254 patients with T(1)/T(2) squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung underwent R2 surgery plus extensive dissection of hilar, interlobular and mediastinal lymph nodes according to the grouping system proposed by Naruke. RESULTS: A total of 1 685 groups of lymph nodes were dissected. The metastatic rates of N(1) and N(2) were 20.0% and 10.2%. The difference was very significant between T(1) and T(2) (P < 0.01). No, N(2) metastasis was found in T(1) squamous carcinoma. N(2) metastatic rates were 22.0% in squamous carcinoma and 40.9% in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). 64.3% of squamous carcinomas spread to only one group of N(2) nodes, and over 3 groups of lymph nodes were positive in 46.2% of adenocarcinomas. Saltatory metastasis accounted for 57.5% of N(2) metastasis. 13.6% of N(2)-positive tumors in the upper lobes metastasized to the lower mediastinum, whereas 51.6% of N(2)-positive tumors in the lower lobes spread to the upper mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of lymph node metastasis increases with the growth of tumors. Metastasis occurs more frequently in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma. Tumor at any site can metastasize to the distant mediastinum. Except for T(1) squamous carcinoma, radical surgery can be achieved only by extensive dissection of ipsilateral intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Posterior atlantoaxial facet screw fixation in rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics of the clinicopathological factors in cases of atlantoaxial instability due to rheumatoid and to introduce a new method for the treatment of this disease. METHODS: Fifteen patients with atlantoaxial instability due to rheumatoid were treated with posterior facet screws to obtain immediate rigid fixation of C(1 - 2). In this series of patients, screw fixation was augmented with an interspinous C(1 - 2) strut graft which was wired in place to provide three-point stabilization and to facilitate bone fusion. RESULTS: In each patient fixation was satisfactory, and C(1 - 2) alignment and stability were restored without complication due to instrumentation. All patients showed osseous union (a mean follow-up period of 10 months; range 6 - 14 months). CONCLUSION: Posterior atlantoaxial facet screw fixation provides immediate three-dimension rigid fixation of C(1 - 2) that is biomechanically superior to wiring or other fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Modified sternal turnover with pedicle of abdominal rectus muscle for pectus excavatum].

OBJECTIVE: To assess surgical correction for children with pectus excavatum. METHOD: Modified sternal turnover operation with rectus abdominalis pedicle was performed on 20 children with pectus excavatum since 1987. RESULTS: The patients were successfully corrected and no recurrence was seen during 6 to 36 months after operation. Human bone density examination showed same results in some patients before and six months after operation. CONCLUSION: Modified sternal turnover operation has the following advantages: easy to operate; less bleeding; better blood supply to the turned sternum; rapid postoperative recovery; satisfied correction of deformity and no recurrence. It should be widely used clinically.

Child↗
PubMed2000

[Long-term observation of curative effects of posterior scleral reinforcement surgery in patients with juvenile progressive myopia].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term curative effects of the scleral reinforcement surgery in juvenile progressive myopia. METHOD: 25 patients (34 eyes) with the disease (average age, 17.12 +/- 7.47 years old) were observed for 3 to 5 years after posterior scleral reinforcement surgery. RESULTS: The naked visual acuities at postoperative one and three years were better than that before the operation (P < 0.01). The average axial elongation in the first, third and fifth year after the operation was 0.098 mm/year, 0.073 5 mm/year and 0.115 mm/year, respectively; the increment of refractive diopter was smaller than 0.50 D/year. CONCLUSION: The scleral reinforcement surgery is a safe and effective treatment for juvenile progressive myopia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis on the epidemiology of syphilis from 1994 to 1998 in Beijing].

OBJECTIVE: To explore associated factors related to the considerable increase of syphilis based on the epidemiologic analysis of new cases in the recent five years in Beijing, and to provide reference for further prevention and treatment of syphilis. METHODS: New cases of syphilis reported in the city were collected consecutively. RESULTS: It was indicated that the annual specific incidence rate had been greatly increasing, which was 3.81 per 100 thousand residents with an average annual increase as high as 387.68%. Most of the patients were cases in early phases. More second - stage cases were reported than first - stage cases. Among cases at first - stage, men were dominant seen while women were dominant among cases of second - stage. Patients aged 20 - 49 years counted for large percentage of the newly identified cases and the self - employed and the unemployed persons were seen in terms of job category. Married persons had a yearly increasing proportion in incident cases. Most popular way of transmission was through unmarried sexual contact. CONCLUSION: On the basis of the epidemiology feature of syphilis in Beijing, with prevention measures taken, the incidence of syphilis was controlled to some extent. Since syphilis is prone to the transmission of AIDS, the control of syphilis transmission has an important implication to the control of AIDS epidemic.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2000

[Establishment and initial utilization of an arithmetic model of chronic hepatic diseases].

OBJECTIVE: An arithmetic model was established to reflect the natural development of chronic hepatitis B, and to help decision making in public health. METHODS: The frame of this model was composed of 6 states - chronic hepatitis B (CHB), natural recovery (NR), compensated cirrhosis (CIR), decompensated cirrhosis (DEC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death (DEA). It was supposed that each state would develop into the other possible states at different rates after different years. According to many related reports, 15 values or functions of transfer rates were calculated, and on the ground of them the present model - the Foxpro program was established. Hypothetical CHB and other patients had been introduced to simulate the natural course over 55 years. RESULTS: It was shown that the observation period when 50% of NR, CIR, DEC and HCC were developed from CHB were 3, 11, 20 and 24 years respectively. The CHB, CIR, DEC and HCC patients could last 30, 12, 4 and less than 1 year respectively before half of them died. At the 30(th) year, proportions of death were 41.3% from HCC, 33.0% from DEC and 25.7% from the other causes. CONCLUSION: After the comparison between the main results of the model and real reports from the past years, it could be concluded that the model was reliable.

Hepatitis B, Chronic↗
PubMed2000

[Study on the genetic difference of SEO type Hantaviruses].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the genetic type of Hantaviruses and the difference between them caused by rodents in Beijing and to furhter explore the source of the infectious factors. METHODS: Hantavirus RNA, isolated from lungs of rodents captured in Beijing and positive with Hantavirus antigens with frozen sectioning and Immunofluorescent assay, were reverse-transcribed and amplified with PCR with Hantavirus-specific primers. RESULTS: Five of the PCR amplifications were discovered and sequenced with 300 bp sequence data of M segments (from 2003 - 2302nt according cDNA of seoul 8039 strain). Nucleotide sequence homology showed that they were sequences of SEO-type Hantavirus. Compared with SEO type Hantavirus, the nucleotide sequence homology of these samples was more than 94% while the homology of amonia acid sequence was more than 98%. When compared with HNT type Hantavirus, the homology of nucleotide sequence became less than 72% with the homology of amonia acid sequence less than 81%. Similar to other Hantavirus of SEO type, their nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly preserved. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the five viruses could be divided into at least 4 branches. CONCLUSION: It was quite likely that there were at least two sub-type SEO viruses with 4 branches that were circulating in Beijing.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed2000

[Protective efficacy of H2 strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccines in an outbreak of hepatitis A].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective efficacy of H(2) strain live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine (H(2)-strain vaccine) locally produced in an outbreak of hepatitis A (HA). METHODS: A nonrandomized controlled design was used in a trial for HA vaccination. Five thousand five hundred and fifty-one children at preschool classes and at grades 1 - 3 of primary schools were selected in 14 villages. Epidemiological and serological methods were used to evaluate its protective efficacy of the vaccines and serum immunoglobulin M against hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV) was detected with ELISA for 271 subjects in vaccinated group and 341 in the control one. RESULTS: An outbreak of HA occurred one year after the vaccination with 26 cases in the vaccinated group, including one vaccine-related case with an attack rate of 0.28% (1/356), and 25 cases in the control group with an attack rate of 5.92% (25/422). The protective efficacy of vaccines was 95.27% (95% confidence interval of 85.83% to 104.72%). Positivity of IgM anti-HAV, i.e., newly-infected cases, was 4.43% (12/271) in the vaccinated group and 13.38% (42/314) in the control group, respectively. Clinically apparent cases accounted for 8.33% (1/12) and 50.00% (21/42) in newly-infected cases in vaccinated and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vaccination with H(2) strain vaccines locally produced was effective in reducing occurrence of HA during its outbreak, but not so effective in preventing its infection. A booster dose of HA vaccine should be vaccinated for children in adequate time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Loss and inactivation of PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 gene in lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: The recently identified PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 gene is the first tumor suppressor encoding a phosphatase, which mutated in multiple tumors. Our research aims to detect loss of heterozygosity and inactivation of PTEN in lung cancer. METHODS: 24 lung cancer fresh samples paired with normal tissue, 18 archival paraffin-embedded sections of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were included. For 24 fresh samples, PCR-LOH was used to detect Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in or near PTEN loci. In situ hybridization, Western blot and or immunohistochemistry were proceeded for mRNA and protein expression of PTEN in lung cancer samples. Southern, Northern and Western blot were done to exam PTEN abnormality in one NSCLC and three SCLC cell lines. RESULTS: Among these 24 fresh samples PTEN LOH was detected in 11 out of 24 cases (45.8%) and 6 cases had no PTEN mRNA and protein expression. Results in situ hybridization were in conformity with that of immunohistochemistry/Western blot in our research. No protein expression was detected in 8/18 (44%) archival paraffin cases of SCLC. Southern, Northern and Western blot confirmed homozygous deletion in one SCLC cell line. CONCLUSION: Lung cancers had LOH and inactivation of PTEN.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Telomerase activity in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activity of telomerase in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the correlation of telomerase activity with the cancer development. METHODS: Totally 48 cases of NSCLC tissues were studied accompanied with 7 cases of normal lung tissues and 12 samples of lung tissues adjacent to the tumor. The telomerase activity was detected using Telomerase PCR ELISA kit. Statistics study included chi(2)-test and the exact probabilities. The significance level chosen was P value less than 0.05 (P < 0.05), and all tests were two-sided. RESULTS: 75% (36/48) of NSCLC tissues possessed the expression of telomerase activity and only 8.33% (1/12) of tissues adjacent to tumor and none of the normal lung tissue enabled to express telomerase activity. The statistical difference was significant (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between different histological types of NSCLC, however, the frequency of telomerase expression differed significantly between tumors of well/mordeately differentiated and poorly differentiated; stage I and stage II/III. CONCLUSION: Telomerase activity might be a good marker in estimating the occurrence, development and diagnosis of NSCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[HPV16 E6E7 fragments transform immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells into neoplastic cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of HPV16 E6E7 fragments on the biological behavior of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells TR. METHODS: E6E7 fragments were constructed into retrovirus expression vector and then transfected into TR cells to observe changes in growth character and tumorigenesis in nude mice. IP-Western blots were done to analyze function of p27 protein as well as expression and phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin. RESULTS: Southern, Northern, Western blot confirmed the stable expression of E6E7 fragments in puromycin-resistant cell strain TR/E6E7. TR/E6E7 proliferated faster, showed stronger growth ability in soft agar and eventually formed tumor after being inoculated into nude mice. IP-Western blot also showed sequestering of p27 protein from cyclin E/CDK2 complex, which implied increased activity of cyclin E/CDK2 and promoting G1 to S cell cycle. CONCLUSION: TR/E6E7 cells formed tumor in nude mice indicating that HPV infection played a role in pulmonary carcinogenesis. Sequestering of p27 protein from cyclin E/CDK2 complex may be responsible for increased proliferation in cells transfected by HPV16 E6E7.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Progress of pediatrical physio - pathological theory in modern TCM].

Progress was made in significance of pediatrical physio pathology in modern TCM, including the elaboration on the role of dry dampness as etiological factor in pediatrics; the elaboration of renovation of theory of fetal - toxicity from an eugenic viewpoint; the popularization of variolation and its immunological mechanism, and its verification conclusion in TCM; combination of traditional wind syndrome - like western physiopathology in cerebral - neurology.

China↗
PubMed2000

[The effects of the receptor antagonist of glutamic acid on the brain tissue of severely scalded rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of glutamic acid on burned rat brain tissue and the effects of the receptor antagonist of glutamic acid. METHODS: Rats inflicted with 30% TBSA III degree scalding injury were taken as the model. The water content, K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), nitric oxide metabolites (NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(minus sign))concentrations of scalded rat brain were determined at 2, 6, 12 and 24 postburn hours (PBH). Morphological and histochemical studies of the brain tissue were carried out with LM and EM. RESULTS: The water content, Na(+), Ca(2+)and NO(2)(minus sign)/NO(3)(minus sign) concentrations of the brain tissue after scalding injury were higher than those in control group. But intracerebral ATP enzyme decreased postburn. It was found by EM examination that there existed swelling of capillary endothelium, nerve cells and some intracytoplasmic mitochondria. There appeared pinosome on capillary wall. After the administration of receptor antagonist of glutamic acid, D-2-amino-group-7-phosphoenanthate (D-AP7), the brain water content, Na(+), Ca(2+)and NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) concentrations in brain tissue, and the capillary wall pinosome decreased, and the swelling of nerve cells ameliorated. CONCLUSION: There might be postburn increased cerebral microvascular permeability, ischemic injury of cerebral tissue cells and the development of brain edema. The postburn alterations in the morphology and metabolism of brain tissue were correlated with the over secretion of glutamic acid. And the excitatory toxic effects of glutamic acid were mediated by its receptor. The receptor antagonist of glutamic acid D-AP7 might ameliorate postburn cerebral injury.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2000

[Study on clinical and laboratory features of preleukemia patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore prospective diagnostic criteria for preleukemia. METHODS: A case control study of the discrepancies of clinical and laboratory features between patients with preleukemia and those with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) or atypical paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglubinuria (a-PNH). RESULTS: There were eight variables of significance: (1) lymphocytoid micromegakaryocytes in marrow; (2) immature granulocytes in peripheral blood; (3) >or= 2% myeloblasts in marrow; (4) positive periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining of nucleated erythrocytes; (5) myeloid differentiation index >or= 1.8; (6) clonal karyotypic abnormalities; (7) negative sister chromatid differentiation; (8) > 4.0 cluster/colony ratio of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). The following criteria was assigned: A: To meet (1) and at least two of the other seven variables; B: To meet at least four of the eight variables. All of the patients with preleukemia met A or B and none of the patients with CAA or a-PNH did. CONCLUSION: Preleukemia is different from CAA or a-PNH. It has its own clinical and laboratory features, which may be useful for prospective diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Comparison of serological and DNA typings for HLA-AB of cord blood samples].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the practical value of serological method for HLA-AB typing of cord blood samples. METHODS: Serological typing results of 1800 cord blood samples were analyzed and 36 of them were compared with that of PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers). Lymphocytes in cord blood samples were isolated by T-immunomegnetic beads or Ficoll. RESULTS: T lymphocytes isolated by fluorobeads have better activity than that in mononuclear cells isolated by Ficoll. In order to get the more active cord blood cells, samples stored in vitro over 24 hours must be isolated with fluorobeads. Its serological reaction is lower as compared with that of peripheral mononuclear cells. Except 28 samples which had too many dead cells or few cells, there were 310 (17.5%) unconfirmed antigens among 1772 cases by serological typing. The main causes were low specificity of typing reagents, cross reaction, weak serological reaction, high background of dead cells and extra reaction. Confirmed by PCR-SSP, the serological typing had a wrong result rate of 13.88%. CONCLUSION: Although serological typing is rapid and easy, it is necessary to use genetic typing as a complement to it.

DNA↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnosis of PNH by detecting the resistance of RBCs to the hemolytic effect of hec toxin secreted by Aeromonus hydrophila].

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of diagnosing paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with hec toxin (secreted by Aeromonus hydrophila) test. METHODS: The crude hec toxin was extracted from the culture medium of Aeromonus hydrophila by precipitating with saturated (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and then purified through DEAE52. This crude hec toxin was used to act on red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with PNH, non-PNH anemias, and normal persons. Absorbance at 630nm was measured to quantitate the extent of hemolysis. Hec treated and untreated RBCs were both stained with anti CD(59) monoclonal antibody and FITC labelled goat-anti-mouse IgG. The percentage of CD(59)(+) cells was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: After hec toxin treatment, RBCs from PNH patients showed resistance to the toxin hemolysis, which was negatively related to the CD(59)(+) cells percentage, while RBCs from non-PNH were lysed totally. CONCLUSION: RBCs from PNH have obvious resistance to the hemolytic effect of hec toxin, and the percentage of remained unhemolytic cells reflect the severity of PNH. Resistance detection of RBCs to hec toxin can be used for the diagnosis of PNH.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed2000

[Experimental study on suppressive effect of ginkgo extract on adhesion of vascular endothelial cell to monocyte induced by minimally modified low density lipoprotein].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Ginkgo extract on the interaction between minimally modified low density lipoprotein (MM-LDL) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) and U937 monocyte-like cell line. METHODS: The adhesive percentage between HUVEC and U937 by counting and the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin by ELISA. RESULTS: Treatment of HUVEC with MM-LDL (75 micrograms/ml) for 4 hrs could significantly increase the adhesion of U937 to HUVEC (P < 0.01) and Ginkgo extract could suppress the adhesion in dose-dependent manner. The surface expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin was not induced by MM-LDL, while recombination tumor necrosis factor-alpha 5.0 ng/ml, as a positive control, could do. CONCLUSION: Ginkgo extract afforded protection against HUVEC damage induced by MM-LDL and the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells induced by MM-LDL is not mediated by VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and P-selectin.

Cell Adhesion↗