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Biomedical subjects

H Lange

Publications and source records attributed to H Lange.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[The influence of saralasine on blood pressure and renal function in Bartter's syndrome and decompensated hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)].

Infusion of the angiotensin-II-antagonist saralasine led in one patient with Bartter's syndrome and one patient with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis, both of whom had a markedly raised plasma renin activity, to a fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results indicate that in normotensive patients a raised angiotensin II concentration in blood is haemodynamically important for the level of blood pressure if plasma renin activity is raised. In normotensives with normal plasma renin activity saralasine in the usual dosage (4.2 mug/kg-min) does not influence the blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Tubular response to antidiuretic plasma activity in the transplanted kidney (author's transl)].

Reabsorption of osmotically free water (TmcH2O) was studied in 10 patients after renal transplantation. A rising or constant free water reabsorption was observed under hydropenia and increasing tubular solute load. These findings suggest that in the transplanted kidney the functioning nephrons respond in a normal way to plasma ADH-activity. The excretion of plasma-hypotonic urine reflects decreased antidiuretic activity as in overhydration rather than tubular unresponsiveness to ADH. The excretion of plasma-hypertonic urine indicates tubular reabsorption of osmotically free water due to ADH, and this in general rules out overhydration. Daily estimation of urinary and plasma osmolality will be useful in judging the actual state of hydration after renal transplantation.

Blood↗
PubMed1976

Morphometric studies of the neuropathological changes in choreatic diseases.

The striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus were studied by combined morphometric methods in serial sections of 13 brains of normal adults and of 15 patients with choreatic diseases. In addition the volume of the hemispheres and of the cortex were measured. All data obtained were corrected by the shrinkage factor to represent fresh brain values. In Huntington's chorea the pallidum was more severely affected than is commonly appreciated. The average volume reduction was of the same degree (lateral-57%, medial-50%) as that of the striatum (-56%). The absolute number of nerve cells of the pallidum decreased in both segments by about 40%. The reduction of the volume and of the number of nerve cells was not reduced in the three subcortical nuclei studied. For the first time it has been shown that there is no increase in the absolute number of glial cells in the striatum. The increased numerical density of glial cells is caused by shrinkage. The loss of nerve cells of the pallidum and subthalamic nucleus is caused mainly by a primary process. Huntington's chorea is a multifocal process. Morphometric data do not suggest that subchorea is a variant of Huntington's chorea. Chorea minor is regarded as a multifocal process with varying affliction of the striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus. An increase in the number of glial cells and, as a rule, a moderate loss of nerve cells were found in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Morphometric-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidum and nucleus su-thalamicus. III. Nucleus subthalamicus].

1. A morphometric-statistical analysis of the subthalamic nucleus was carried out on 14 hemispheres of 12 normal human brains. 2. The values determined in paraffin embedded sections were corrected for shrinkage which showed considerable interindividual variation. 3. The mean fresh volume of the subthalamic nucleus amounted to 144 mm3 for males and 134 mm3 for females, the difference of 7% not being statistically significant. 4. In the medial part of the subthalamic nucleus the nerve cells were smaller and more closely grouped than in the lateral part which had larger nerve cells. The ratio of the volumes of the two parts was about 1:4 (medial: lateral). 5. The nucleus subthalamicus occupied 0,027% of the volume of the hemisphere. 6. The numerical nerve cell densities -- corrected for shrinkage -- were 1970 +/- 145 nerve cells/mm3 for the lateral part and 2910 +/- 310 nerve cells/mm3 for the medial part, this difference of 48 +/- 4% being highly significant. On the other hand, no difference between sexes could be shown. 7. The mean of the absolute number of nerve cells was 306000 for male and 286000 for females, the difference of 7% not being significant. 8. The volumetric nerve cell densities were found to be 1.58 +/- 0.15 vol% lateral and 1.99 +/- 0.16 vol% medial, the difference of 27% being significant. No differences between sexes were found. 9. The linear dimensions of the nerve cells of the medial part were about 10% smaller than those of the nerve cells of the lateral part. The mean fresh volume of a nerve cell was 8070 mum3 in the lateral portion and 6960 mum3 in the medial portion, the nerve cells of pars lateralis being just as large as the nerve cells of the lateral segment of the pallidum (8100 mum3). 10. The parameters determined showed good correlations with corresponding data of the pallidum. The fresh volume and the absolute numbers of nerve cells of the nucleus subthalamicus were better correlated with the pallidum laterale than with the pallidum mediale.

Biometry↗
PubMed1975

Sleep, subcortical stimulation and kindling in the cat.

A longitudinal study of the effects of sleep on amygdaloid kindling showed that kindling disrupted normal sleep patterns by reducing REM sleep and increasing awake time. Few interictal spike discharges were observed during the awake stage, while a marked increase in discharge was observed during the light and deep sleep stages. No discharges were observed during REM sleep. During the immediate post-stimulation period the nonstimulated amygdala showed a much higher rate of spike discharge. On the other hand, there was an increase in spike discharge in the stimulated amygdala during natural sleep without preceding amygdaloid stimulation. Amygdaloid stimulation at the generalized seizure threshold during each sleep stage resulted in a generalized convulsion. The influence of subcortical electrical stimulation on kindled amygdaloid convulsions was investigated in a second experiment. Stimulation of the centre median and the caudate nucleus was without effect on kindled convulsions, while stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation at high frequency (300 Hz) reduced the latency of onset of kindled generalized convulsions. Stimulation of the nucleus ventralis lateralis of the thalamus at low frequency (10 Hz) prolonged the convulsion latency, and at high current levels blocked the induced convulsion. Stimulation in the central gray matter at low frequency (10 Hz) also blocked kindled amygdaloid convulsions.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1975

Clinical value of the renal protein clearance determination.

The clinical applicability of the determiniation of selectivity in proteinuria in the traditional way is limited. The methodological apparatus has to be relatively completed to get predicative results. Simplified procedures, e.g. determination according to two proteins only, have not proven to be useful in our hands. Screening tests such as disc electrophoresis have to precede the determinations. In special clinical problems, e.g. the question of steroid sensitiveness in morphological forms of glomerulonephritis, which supposedly do not respond to steroids according to the results of prospective studies, or as a parameter in observing the follow up of a disease, protein clearances may be a valuable diagnostic help.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The differential diagnosis of the Meckel syndrome and the Ellis-van-Creveld syndrome with encephalocele (author's transl)].

The differential diagnosis of Meckel's syndrome and Ellis-van-Creveld's syndrome with encephalocele is summarized utilizing two own observations. Radiographic criteria are of special importance. In EvCS typical signs of chondrodysplasia are present whereas in MS we found pelvic changes similar to Down's syndrome and striking rhomboid deformities of the tibiae. Clinically relevant is ectodermal dyplasia in EvCS, especially, when cystic kidneys in MS are not palpable.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1975

[Morphometrical-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus].

1. A morphometric-statistical analysis was carried out of fifteen hemispheres of thirteen normal brains of human adults. 2. A comparison of the volumes and the cell densities studied in serial sections is only meaningful if the results are corrected for shrinkage, which varies interindividually to a great extent. 3. The mean of the fresh volume of the striatum of the male subjects (10.2 cm3) was 12% higher than that of the female subjects (9.0 cm3), the difference not being significant. The putamen was 13% bigger on the average than the caudate nucleus. The size of the two nuclei was strictly correlated (r = 0.81). 4. The relative volume of the striatum in percent of the hemisphere volume amounted to 1.87% in males and 1.97% in females, of the putamen 0.99% (male) and 1.05% (female), of the caudate nucleus 0.88% and 0.92%, respectively. 5. The mean of the numerical density of small striatal nerve cells (kl. Nz) -- corrected for shrinkage -- came to 1100 kl. Nz/mm3, without evidence of being dependent of sex or age. 6. The corrected numerical density of the large striatal nerve cells (gr. Nz) had a mean of 65 gr. Nz/mm3 with a wide range of 49 to 78 gr. Nz/mm3, without a significant influence of sex or age. 7. The relation of kl. Nz/gr. Nz was on an average of 171:1 with a range of 130:1 to 258:1. 8. The mean of the corrected numerical density of glial cells (Gz) was found to be 41000 Gz/mm3 with a range of 34500 to 49200. Neither a difference between sexes nor a dependency of age was found. 9. The glia index (Gz/Nz) showed a mean of 37:1 with a range of 3.2:1 to 4.7:1. 10. The total number of small striatal cells averaged 100 million for males and 105 Million for females; for the large striatal cells the means were 670 thousand (male) and 570 thousand (female). Differences due to sex failed to be significant. 11. The total number of glial cells decreases with age. The mean of 408 million for males exceeded the mean of 380 million for females by 7% but without significance. 12. The volumetric density of nerve cells of males (4.03 Vol.-%) and females (4.14 Vol.-%) differed very little. 13. The mean fresh volume of a single small nerve cell in the striatum was calculated to be about 3600 mum3, ranging from 2600 to 4600 mum3. 14. The striatal nerve cells reached a total volume of 423 mm3 in males and 374 mm3 in females. 15. The mean of the diameter of the nucleus of the small nerve cells was calculated to be 8.64 mum in males and 8.70 mum in females.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Morphometrical-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. II. Globus pallidus].

1. The pallidum of 13 hemispheres of 11 human brains of normal adults was studied by morphometric-statistical methods. 2. The values obtained on paraffin-embedded frontal serial sections were corrected individually for shrinkage in order to get comparable fresh values. 3. The mean fresh volume of the pallidum laterale of males (1220 mm3) was 13% higher than that of females (1065 mm3). The corresponding mean values of the pallidum mediale were 520 mm3 (male) and 430 mm3 (female), the difference being 17%. The difference between sexes failed to be significant. The lateral segment accounted for about 70% of the total volume of the pallidum. 4. The pallidum occupied 0,32% or ca. 1 over 300 of the volume of the hemisphere. 5. The numeric cell densities showed no significant age or sex differences. The mean value of the lateral pallidum was 437 nerve cells/mm3 and of the medial part 327 nerve cells/mm3, the difference being highly significant (p less than 0,001). 6. The pallidum laterale showed a numerical density of 66000 glial cells/mm3, the medial segment had 62000 glial cells/mm3, the difference just reaching the 5% -- level of significance. 7. On the average the ratio of glial cells to nerve cells was 158:1 in the lateral pallidum, and 159:1 in the medial part. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0,01). 8. The mean of the total number of nerve cells in the pallidum laterale amounted to 540000 for males and 465000 for females. The corresponding values of the medial part were 171000 (male) and 143000 (female). The total number of pallidal nerve cells is just about as high as the number of large striatal nerve cells (670000 (male) and 570000 (female). 9. In the pallidum laterale we calculated the total number of glial cells to be 82 million for males and 63 million for females. In the medial pallidum we found 32 million (male) and 26 million (female). 10. The total numbers of nerve and glial cells were well correlated in the lateral as well as in the medial segment (r = 0,636 and r = 0,734, respectively). 11. The volumetric nerve cell densities showed no significant differences between sexes. The values were 0,36 Vol.-% lateral and 0,31 Vol.-% medial. This difference failed to be significant. 12. The volumetric densities of the glial cell nuclei were equal in both segments, the value being 0,43 Vol.-%. They were strictly correlated (r = 0,830). 13. The mean volume of a nerve cell in the medial segment (9600 mum3) was 19% higher (p less than 0,05) than in the lateral segment (8100 mum). 14. The mean volume of a nucleus of a glial cell showed only insignificant differences, being lateral 65 mum3 and medial 70 mum3. 15. The various morphometric data indicated a closer correlation between striatum and pallidum laterale than between striatum and pallidum mediale. Within the striatum, the putamen showed a better correlation with the pallidum than the nucleus caudatus.

Cell Count↗