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Biomedical subjects

H Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to H Kubo.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: assessments with T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy].

The effects of exercise training on myocardial perfusion during the first 3 months after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were assessed by exercise myocardial scintigraphy and fibrinolytic examinations. Symptom-limited treadmill exercise with thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission CT (SPECT) and fibrinolytic examinations (tissue plasminogen activator antigen: tPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen : PAI-1) were performed 2 and 14 weeks after AMI in 13 patients with exercise training and in 12 patients without exercise training. For quantitative analysis, counts of region of interest in the infarct area and normal reference area were calculated on a polar map obtained from myocardial SPECT. Severity of the hypoperfused myocardium was determined as an initial percent uptake (%IU) and a delayed percent uptake (%DU). The difference (%DU-%IU) was defined as a parameter of residual ischemia in the infarct area (%redistribution : %RD). Total treadmill exercise duration according to the Bruce protocol increased significantly in the training group (351 +/- 89 to 431 +/- 118 sec, p < 0.01); whereas, there was no significant change in the non-training group (340 +/- 95 to 356 +/- 123 sec). In the training group the pressure-rate product and %DU increased significantly (225 +/- 55 to 259 +/- 58 mmHg.beats/min x 100, 59 +/- 19 to 65 +/- 20%, p < 0.01, respectively), and %RD decreased significantly (8.8 +/- 6.7 to 4.8 +/- 4.5%, p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in the non-training group (231 +/- 89 to 240 +/- 86 mmHg.beats/min x 100, 56 +/- 17 to 57 +/- 12% and 7.4 +/- 5.5 to 6.2 +/- 6.5%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Circulation↗
PubMed1991

[Study of prognostic factors of survival in patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer].

We studied prognostic factors of survival in 121 patients unresectable non-small cell lung cancer treated between March 1983 and November 1988 at forth department of internal medicine, Kinki university school of medicine, about histology, clinical stage, age, sex, performance status, Brinkman Index, hemoglobin, serum TP, serum Alb, serum LDH, pulmonary function and chemotherapy. The prognostic factors were studied using survival rate by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate analysis by Log-rank test and generalized Wilcoxon test and multivariate analysis by proportional hazard model of Cox. The prognostic factors of pretreatment were age, serum Alb, serum LDH, pulmonary dysfunction of mixed type and performance status. In the classified study according to histology, age and pulmonary dysfunction of mixed type were prognostic importance in patients with squamous cell lung cancer. Hemoglobin in patients with squamous cell lung cancer was important, too. The chemotherapy given good response improved patient's prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of radionuclide examination in hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir].

Technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-MAA) perfusion scintigraphy has been performed during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using implantable reservoir. A total of 40 radionuclide (RI) studies were performed on 25 patients with liver metastasis of colorectal origin. Of 40 RI studies, 12 (30%) showed impaired liver perfusion. Three studies showed no perfusion of the liver, 3 increased radiotracer accumulations at liver hilus, 2 extrahepatic distributions, 2 catheter occlusions, 1 extravasation and 1 unilobar distribution. The accumulation of Tc-MAA in the tumor was graded from Grade I (tumor uptake decreased or similar relative to liver) to Grade III (tumor uptake remarkably increased). The response to chemotherapy was evaluable in 14 cases. A case with Grade I resulted in NC. Of 6 cases with Grade II, 1 resulted in MR, 3 in NC and 1 in PD. Of 8 cases with Grade III, 2 resulted in PR, 1 in MR and 5 in NC. Tumor response was observed in cases showing increased uptake of Tc-MAA. SPECT was performed in 7 cases, and revealed that hepatic tumors were hypervascular. We concluded that RI examination reveals not only hepatic perfusion, but also tumor microcirculation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of cardio-pulmonary function for lobectomy under the condition of selective pulmonary arterial occlusion test (SPAO)].

We performed selective pulmonary arterial occlusion test (SPAO) and unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion test (UPAO) in 30 patients with lung cancer who would be undertaken right lower lobectomy or middle and lower lobectomy, and evaluated the preoperative cardio-pulmonary function. The lung hemodynamics during SPAO were different from those during UPAO. This indicates that SPAO evaluated reserve capacity of vascular bed in the right upper lobe which would be remained at the surgery. Moreover, the ratio of total pulmonary vascular resistance during SPAO to that of before SPAO was not differed in two groups, one was a group with and the other was a group without impaired reserve capacity of vascular bed in the contralateral lung. This suggests that reserve capacity of pulmonary vascular bed including right upper lobe would be well compensated even in the patients with highly impaired capacity in the contralateral lung. Based on these findings, we performed lung resections in 9 patients, who were judged contraindications for lung resection by the results of UPAO, and no patient suffered postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications. Total pulmonary vascular resistance immediately after the right middle and lower lobectomy were equal to those during SPAO. Thus we conclude that SPAO is very useful technique for evaluating cardiopulmonary function after right lower lobectomy or middle and lower lobectomy, and that it would be possible to extend the boundaries of safety for lung resection based on evaluation of cardio-pulmonary function by SPAO.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Lung function after lobectomy in chronic pulmonary emphysema].

We compared the prediction of postoperative pulmonary function in two groups: chronic pulmonary emphysema (CPE) group (n = 30) and normal control group (n = 41). These patients had a lobectomy because of lung cancer. We measured pulmonary function test (FVC, EFV1, TLC, FRC, RV, DLco), and pulmonary perfusion scan before and after surgery. We found correlation between the predicted and measured postoperative values very close in control group. Whereas, in CPE group, these correlations were very low especially in FVC and FEV1. We also calculated the pulmonary function on the operated and the non-operated sides. The correlation were very high without FEV1 in control group and all the measured values did not correlate to the predicted values. On the non-operated side, the correlations were high in both control and CPE groups. From these results we can conclude that it is difficult to predict the postoperative pulmonary function in the case of chronic pulmonary emphysema.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

[CT study in primary low spinal fluid pressure syndrome].

CT findings in primary low spinal fluid pressure syndrome are studied on the basis of 3 cases. Case 1 was a 43-year-old male with a complicated bilateral isodense subdural hematoma (SDH). Case 2 was a 45-year-old female with a complicated bilateral high dense SDH. Case 3 was a 36-year-old female discharged without any complications after spinal fluid pressure normalized. Slight downward displacement of the brain under low spinal fluid pressure is shown as the narrowing of with a Sylvian fissures and infratentorial cisterns on CT. On the other hand in this syndrome with a complicated bilateral isodense SDH, in addition to this finding CT reveals distortion and narrowing of body of lateral ventricles, which may be the differential findings from this syndrome without complicated SDH. Under low spinal fluid pressure, bridging veins are more stretched by a downward displacement of the brain. And consequently they are easily insured and SDH is developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of ageing on nicotine-induced contraction of guinea-pig bronchial preparation.

1. Nicotine-induced contraction of bronchial preparations isolated from 3, 6, 10, 50 and 100 week old guinea-pigs were studied. 2. Contractile responses to nicotine were inhibited by hexamethonium and a substance P antagonist but not by atropine or tetrodotoxin, suggesting that the nicotine-contraction was mediated through a release of substance P-like material(s). 3. The pD2 value (potency) of nicotine did not change with age from 3 to 10 weeks but decreased thereafter to 100 weeks, while no age-related change was found in the pD2 value of substance P. The pA2 value of hexamethonium did not change with age, suggesting that the affinity of drugs to nicotine receptors does not change with age. 4. These results suggest that possibility that age-related change in the pD2 value of nicotine is due to a change in the amount of nicotine receptors but not to a change in the affinity of nicotine to its receptors.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Use of light-dependent-resistor circuit to remotely reset digital constancy meter.

A digital constancy meter which has been used in our institution uses a plane-parallel chamber for daily morning output checks of treatment machines. After exposure, the user has to enter the treatment room to obtain the charge reading and reset the meter for the next reading. To avoid this extra step and save time, a remote reset circuit which includes a light-dependent-resistor (LDR), was built into the meter. When the room light is turned off (or dimmed) from the console, the light-dependent-resistor will trigger a circuit which will reset the meter.

Electronics, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Gerbil hippocampal extracellular glutamate and neuronal activity after transient ischemia.

In order to elucidate the role of glutamate in the pathogenesis of delayed neuronal death, we analyzed changes in extracellular levels of glutamate induced by transient ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil hippocampus by a new brain microdialysis method combined with an enzymatic cycling technique. We also studied the effect of this change in glutamate on CA1 spontaneous neuronal discharges. The level of glutamate significantly increased during the 5 min of ischemia and during the first 5 min of recirculation. However, neuronal hyperactivity anticipated as a result of the increased extracellular glutamate was not observed. Spike discharges disappeared during and shortly after 5 min of ischemia; CA1 spontaneous spike discharges reappeared about 15 min after the recirculation. The frequency and amplitude of the discharges of CA1 neurons returned to normal by 30 min of the recirculation. However, the pattern of discharges was different from that recorded before the ischemia. CA1 neurons were found dead 4 days after the ischemia. Brief exposure to toxic concentrations of glutamate may cause the delayed neuronal death.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Differential effects of fasciculus retroflexus lesions on serotonin, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate content and choline acetyltransferase activity in the interpeduncular nucleus.

After placing bilateral electrolytic lesions in the fasciculus retroflexus (FR) of the rat, the endogenous content of serotonin, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) as well as choline acetyltransferase activity (ChAT) were measured in the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) at the 7th, 28th and 120th survival days. Confirming earlier results, an almost total depletion of ChAT was obtained in the IPN following complete FR lesions at any survival day studied. In such cases, the following changes were observed; 1) the serotonin level increased consistently and roughly doubled at the 120th survival day, suggesting heterotypic sprouting of serotonergic fibers and/or enhanced serotonin synthesis in the serotonergic neurons in the IPN, 2) the glutamate level decreased by approximately one-half, while the activity of high affinity uptake of glutamate remained unaltered, at the 7th survival day, suggesting a lowered glutamate formation coupled with lowered glucose utilization in the IPN, and 3) the GABA level decreased at a slower rate and reached one-third of the control at the 120th survival day, for which either transsynaptic degeneration of GABA neurons in the IPN or a suppressed metabolic rate in the GABA shunt following the lowered glutamate formation is a possible explanation.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of electron cutouts on absorbed dose in and outside Varian-20 electron fields.

Electron beam outputs in the presence of beam shaping cutouts were measured for 6, 9, 12, 16, and 20 MeV electrons from a Varian-20 linear accelerator. This machine was provided with a new model of electron cones, for which photon jaw sizes were set differently from those of old cones. The effects of different photon jaw sizes on the electron outputs were studied. Also measured was the absorbed dose under a cutout, which was presumably contributed by scattered electrons and bremsstrahlung photons.

Electrons↗
PubMed1990

TDF formula with arbitrary exponents for treatment time and fraction numbers.

The original "Ellis NSD equation" was extended to a more general formula using arbitrary exponents for the total treatment time (T) and the number of treatments (N). The new formula is intended to bridge the gap between the original equation for connective tissue and any other tissues of different radiation tolerance. The advantages of the new formula were found to be simple, independent of a scaling factor, and applicable for either cgs or SI units. This paper presents a mathematical practice and does not include any clinical implications.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Glucosylceramide having a novel tri-unsaturated long-chain base from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis.

Glucosylceramide (Glc beta 1-1Cer) was isolated from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis. The long-chain bases of the glycolipid consisted of dihydroxy (d18:2, d18:3, d19:3, and d22:2), and trihydroxy (t22:1) types. Long-chain aldehydes derived from them were analyzed mainly by proton nuclear-magnetic resonance to determine the detailed structures. Two of the tri-unsaturated bases were identified as (4E,8E,10E)-2-amino-4,8,10-octadecatriene-1,3-di ol (d18:3) and (4E,8E,10E)-2-amino-9-methyl-4,8,10-octadecatriene+ ++-1,3-diol (d19:3), which is a novel base. Both d22:2 and t22:1 had a cis double bond at the C9 or C13 position. All fatty acids were 2-hydroxylated (C14-C25): Most of them were saturated and unbranched. About 10% was mono-unsaturated and unbranched (C22-C25), while saturated but branched (iso- and anteiso-types) C15-C18 acids were found as minor components. The main fatty acids, which summed up to more than 93% of the fatty acids in the glucosylceramide, were n-14h:0, n-15h:0, n-16h:0, n-17h:0, n-18h:0, and n-24h:1.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1990

Gangliosides from the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina.

NeuGc alpha 2-6Glc beta 1-1Cer (M5 ganglioside) and HSO3-8NeuGc alpha 2-6Glc beta 1-1Cer (T1 ganglioside) were purified by column chromatographies with DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and silicic acid from the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina. Their chemical structures were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, methylation analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, negative-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Long-chain base compositions of both gangliosides were almost identical: all the long-chain bases were phytosphingosines, and C18-phytosphingosine accounted for more than 95% of them. Fatty acid compositions were also very similar: the main fatty acids were 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, and their 2-hydroxylated forms, and the 2-hydroxy fatty acids amounted to 65.3 and 74.3% of the fatty acids in M5 and T1 gangliosides, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study revealed a downfield-shifted H8 proton signal of NeuGc residue in T1 ganglioside, in agreement with the presence of sulfate ester at the C8 position.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunocytochemical study of the distribution of a ganglioside in sea urchin eggs.

An antibody against M5 ganglioside (NeuGc alpha 2-6Glc beta 1-1Cer), the dominant ganglioside in the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina, was purified by affinity chromatography from rabbit antiserum against crude ganglioside of the eggs. The specificity of the antibody was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TLC immunostaining. M5 ganglioside was also the major one in the eggs of another sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, as judged from TLC analyses including immunostaining. Cryostat-sections of H. pulcherrimus eggs were examined to determine the distribution of M5 ganglioside by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with the antibody. Before fertilization, the egg cortex was highly stained, while the other part of cytoplasm was uniformly but much more weakly stained. After fertilization, the staining rapidly decreased in the cortex and was restricted to a very thin peripheral layer and to cytoplasmic patches. The immunoreactivity was also observed in the esophagus and the somatic cells of the testis, but the spermatozoa were never stained with the antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Ceramide dihexosides from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis, consist of gentiobiosyl- cellobiosyl-, and lactosylceramide.

Ceramide dihexoside was obtained from the spermatozoa of the starfish, Asterias amurensis. Gas-liquid chromatography of the methanolysate to determine the sugar composition of the lipid demonstrated an unequal ratio of glucose and galactose, implying that two or more glycolipids are present. They were separated by thin-layer chromatography on a borate-impregnated plate into two bands. From the results of methylation analysis and chromic acid oxidation, one was determined to be lactosylceramide, while the other was suggested to be a mixture of two diglucosylceramides: gentiobiosylceramide (Glc beta 1-6Glc beta 1-1Cer) and cellobiosylceramide (Glc beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer). The molar ratio of gentiobiosyl-, cellobiosyl-, and lactosylceramide was estimated to be 0.7 : 0.3 : 1.0. Ceramide dihexosides obtained from another batch of the spermatozoa, collected at the same place in a different year, consisted almost exclusively of gentiobiosylceramide as confirmed by proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fast-atom bombardment mass-spectrometry. The fatty acid compositions of these glycolipids were similar and the main acids were 14h:0, 15h:0, 16h:0, 18h:0, and 24h:1 (constituting more than 80% of the total acids). The long-chain base compositions were qualitatively similar and the major constituents were commonly d18:2, d18:3, d19:3, d22:2, and t22:1. Lactosylceramide was rich in t22:1, while diglucosylceramides were rich in d22:2.

Animals↗