Biomedical subjects

H Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to H Kohno.

500 records · Page 28Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Leukemoid reaction associated with parenteral nutrition.

A hematological picture simulating that seen in cases of leukemia often occurs in a variety of conditions. We recently treated a patient who had a leukemoid reaction in the peripheral blood while he was on parenteral nutrition. Throughout the period of treatment with parenteral nutrition, an abnormal shift towards immaturity in the neutrophilic granulocytes was seen, and the degree of this shift appeared to depend on the caloric intake. Moreover, the hematological picture resembling that seen in cases of leukemia disappeared shortly after discontinuation of the parenteral nutrition, and immature cells were no longer apparent. We assumed that the excess glucose-related calories included in parenteral nutrition produced the leukemoid reaction in this patient who was being surgically treated for carcinoma of the colon with hepatic metastasis.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A case of isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency with compound heterozygous abnormality at the GH-1 gene locus.

We report a Japanese boy with IGHD who is a compound heterozygote at the GH-1 gene locus. The patient and his mother were heterozygous for a 6.7 kb deletion of the GH-1 gene. A T-->C transition at position -123, an A-->G transition at position -6 and an A-->T transition at position -1 in the GH-1 promoter region and the addition of AGAA at base 250 in intron I were observed in one allele of the patient and his father. These results demonstrate that familial IGHD is a heterogeneous disease that perturbs different steps in the expression of the GH-1 gene.

Base Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Huge adenomatous goiter reaching the aortic arch with elevated thyroglobulin.

We report a 14 year-old girl with a huge adenomatous goiter in the left lobe in the thyroid gland reaching the aortic arch with elevated thyroglobulin. The tumor grew rapidly for two years since the initial diagnosis as an euthyroid hemilateral goiter. Ultrasonography revealed multinodular tumors and magnetic resonance imaging made clear the lower expanding site of the tumor. We recommend careful follow up of hemilateral diffuse goiters by ultrasonography for earlier detection of nodular changes as seen in our case.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by pyrimidines and pyridines substituted with benzylamino, methyl and trifluoromethyl groups.

The decrease of the number of ring nitrogen atoms of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines on herbicidal activity and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) was assayed using thylakoids from Spinacia oleracea or atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album. Three 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines, nine pyrimidines with a benzylamino-, methyl- and trifluoromethyl-group, 2-benzylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl- pyridine and N-benzyl-3-methyl-5-trifluoromethylaniline were synthesized and assayed. 2-(4-Bromobenzylamino)-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine exhibited the highest PET inhibitory activity against Spinacia oleracea thylakoids of all compounds tested. The 2-benzylaminopyrimidines and 2-methylpyrimidines having a 4-halobenzylamino group exhibited higher PET inhibition than atrazine and 2-trifluoromethylpyrimidines against Spinacia oleracea thylakoids. These PET inhibitory active compounds also exhibited a strong and similar inhibition both against atrazine-resistant Chenopodium album thylakoids as well as against thylakoids from wild-type Chenopodium. The herbicidal activity of 4-(4-bromobenzylamino)-2-methyl-6- trifluoromethylpyrimidine was equivalent to that of known herbicides like simetryne, simazine or atrazine.

Atrazine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats by natural compounds, caffeine, quercetin and morin.

The modifying effects of dietary administration of natural compounds, caffeine, quercetin and morin, which are present in our daily food, on the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were investigated in rats and compared to that of a metabolic inhibitor of AOM, disulfiram. Male F344 rats were given s. c. injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 3 weeks to induce ACF. They also received the experimental diets containing one of test compounds (500 ppm) for 5 weeks, starting one week before the first dosing of AOM. At the termination of the study (week 5), AOM exposure produced 101.0+/-10.2 ACF/rat. Disulfiram almost completely inhibited ACF development (0.60+/-0.90, 99% reduction). Dietary administration of test compounds caused significant reduction in the frequency of ACF: caffeine (70.4+/-16.6, 30% reduction), quercetin (53.0+/-8.4, 48% reduction) and morin (37. 6+/-18.1, 63% reduction). Numbers of cells positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen in ACF and surrounding crypts were lowered by feeding of test compounds. Feeding of these test compounds also suppressed polyamine content in the colonic mucosa and blood as did disulfiram. These findings might indicate possible chemopreventive effects of caffeine, quercetin and morin, through their modulation of cell proliferation activity in crypt cells, on colon tumorigenesis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Colitis-related rat colon carcinogenesis induced by 1-hydroxy-anthraquinone and methylazoxymethanol acetate (Review).

Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to the general population. For investigation of the mechanisms and prevention of UC and UC-related CRC, establishment of a promising animal model for such disease is important. 1-hydroxyanthraquinone (1-HAQ) present in certain medicinal plants such as Rubia tinctorum L. is a genotoxic and rodent colon carcinogen. Long-term feeding of 1-HAQ induced hyper-cell proliferation in rat colonic crypts with ulcerative changes, crypt abscess, severe inflammation and erosion before the occurrence of tumors, which are similar to those found in human UC. In addition, 1-HAQ has a synergistic effect with methylazoxymethaol (MAM) acetate on colon carcinogenesis. The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed no mutations in Ki-ras and p53 in colonic neoplasms induced by MAM acetate + 1-HAQ, MAM acetate alone or 1-HAQ alone. Also, no mutations of APC were found in these tumors. These findings are similar to those found in human ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer in contrast with sporadic colon cancers. A previous study revealed that induced colonic tumors had beta-catenin mutation with high frequency, suggesting tumor development by activation of the beta-catenin-Tcf signaling pathway. Increased expression in TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha was found in these induced colonic neoplasms, and the expression was more remarkable in colonic mucosa of rats exposed to MAM acetate + 1-HAQ, MAM acetate or 1-HAQ when compared with that in untreated rats. Thus, these cytokines may act as growth factors in rat colon carcinogenesis by MAM acetate and 1-HAQ and the synergistic effect of 1-HAQ with MAM acetate might be related to the biological effects of the cytokines expressed in the inflammatory conditions induced by 1-HAQ.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Modifying effect of tuna orbital oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid and vitamin D3 on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.

The modifying effect of dietary tuna (Thunnus thynnus orientalis) orbital oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin D3 (VD3) on the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was investigated in male F344 rats. Animals were given three weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) to induce ACF. The rats were fed the experimental diet containing 5% tuna orbital oil (low fish oil), 23.5% tuna orbital oil (high fish oil), 5% corn oil (low corn oil) or 23.5% corn oil (high corn oil) for 5 weeks, starting 1 week before the first dose of AOM. Animals were sacrificed 2 weeks after the last AOM injection to count colonic ACF and assay the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2. High corn oil diet significantly increased the development of ACF, when compared with low corn oil diet (P<0.005). High fish oil diet also increased ACF formation compared with low fish oil diet (P<0.01), but the increase was smaller than high corn oil diet. The frequency of ACF was significantly lower in the rats fed high fish oil diet than high corn oil diet (P<0.02). Moreover, frequency of ACF consisted of 4 or more crypts in rats fed the high fish oil diet was significantly lower than that of rats given high corn oil diet. COX-1 and COX-2 expression did not significantly differ among the groups. These results suggest that fish oil derived from tuna, which contains high amounts of DHA and VD3, suppresses the formation and growth of ACF without affecting COX-1 and COX-2 expression, and may have a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Two cases of esophageal varix caused by local hyperdynamic state of gastric arteries.

With increasing evidence on the role of endogenous nitric oxide in the splanchnic hyperdynamics, the existence of esophageal varix induced by hepatopetal flow of portal hypertension in a cirrhotic patient has become more convincing. Herein, we report 2 cases of esophageal varix caused by local hyperdynamic states of the right, left and posterior gastric arteries, respectively. Angiographic evidence suggests the existence of forward flows via the submucosal A-V shunt of the gastric arteries as the etiologic causes of the varices. The treatment of the current cases was unsatisfactory due to improper recognition of the local hyperdynamic state before the treatment. Unlike the "backward flow"-type esophageal varix, the treatment strategies of the "forward flow"-type esophageal varix of hyperdynamic state caused by splanchnic A-V shunts should be considered differently.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oral manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII: histological examination of a primary tooth.

A two-year, 2-month old girl with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type VII is described. The patient presented with bleeding after tooth brushing, and exhibited microdontia and yellow discoloration of teeth. She had carious teeth, but did not exhibit periodontal disease, poor wound healing after extraction, radiographic evidences of pulp stones, or malformed roots. Microscopic examination of a decalcified section of an extracted tooth stained with H & E demonstrated some inclusions in the dentin, around which collagen was either missing or scanty, as confirmed by counterstaining with van Gieson's solution. The sections of pulp stained with van Gieson's solution showed an abnormal pattern of fibrous tissue. Furthermore, the radiopacity of the dentin of this patient was significantly higher than that of the control dentin.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment of respiratory insufficiency due to tracheobronchial compression by aneurysms of the ascending aorta and innominate artery.

Two patients with life-threatening respiratory insufficiency resulting from tracheobronchial compression by expanding aneurysms of the ascending aorta and innominate artery were successfully treated by cardiopulmonary bypass, even in the presence of significant aortic regurgitation. The pertinent surgical procedures are described.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effects of hypothermic reperfusion on metabolic and functional recovery after cold storage of the rat heart.

With an isolated rat heart preparation, we evaluated the effects of hypothermic reperfusion on myocardial metabolic and functional recovery after cold storage. Hearts in group 1 were reperfused at normothermia (35 degrees C) after 3 hours of cold (5 degrees C) storage, and hearts in group 2 were reperfused at 20 degrees C and gradually rewarmed to 35 degrees C during 20 minutes of Langendorff (nonworking) perfusion. Coronary vascular resistance in group 1 increased progressively, whereas that in group 2 tended to decrease during the early period of reperfusion. Total creatine kinase leakage during the initial 20 minutes of reperfusion was less in group 2 (0.87 +/- 0.13 IU/heart) than in group 1 (2.48 +/- 0.32 IU/heart, p less than 0.01). Hearts in group 2 showed a better recovery of energy charge (0.850 +/- 0.020) than did those in group 1 (0.787 +/- 0.013, p less than 0.05) at 5 minutes of reperfusion. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and total adenine nucleotide contents in group 2 exceeded those in group 1 (ATP, 18.0 +/- 1.8 and 13.4 +/- 0.8 mumol/gm dry weight; total adenine nucleotide, 22.7 +/- 1.5 and 17.8 +/- 1.0 mumol/gm dry weight, respectively, both p less than 0.05) at 20 minutes of reperfusion. Functional recovery at 60 minutes of reperfusion was better in group 2 than in group 1 (50.3 +/- 5.8% and 30.6 +/- 4.2%, respectively, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that hypothermic reperfusion reduces the extent of myocardial damage and improves the oxygen supply and demand balance during the early period of reperfusion; hence there is a better recovery of heart function.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple exostoses--mental retardation (MEMR) syndrome: report of a case.

A MEMR syndrome occurred in a 9-year-old boy with cerebral atrophy and was established by computed tomography scans of the cranium. The patient had mental retardation, delayed speech development and microcephaly, and high levels of urinary dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate, which are characteristics of this inborn error of mucopolysaccharide metabolism.

Brain↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CD44 participates in tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells in the experimental metastatic process in B16BL6 melanoma cells.

There are several pieces of evidence suggesting a relationship between CD44 expression and tumor metastasis, but the role of CD44 in the metastatic processes is unclear. We analysed the role of CD44 in the experimental metastatic processes of B16BL6 melanoma cells using anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (clone IM7). B16BL6 melanoma cells expressed CD44 and these cells treated with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody increased in the experimental metastatic ability, indicating that CD44 participates in metastatic processes in B16BL6 cells. Furthermore, the adhesiveness of B16BL6 cells to endothelial cells and the retention of these cells in the lung increased by treatment with anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. These results suggested that the CD44-mediated adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells was involved in the experimental metastatic process of B 16BL6 cells.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy after radical hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This prospective randomized study was aimed to clarify the efficacy of epirubicin after radical hepatic resection for hepatcellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and one patients entered the present study and were randomly allocated to Group A in which UFT (300 mg/day) was given from 5th postoperative week for one year, or Group B in which a bolus injection of epirubicin (40 mg/m2) was given arterially, in addition to the same UFT administration, on day 28. Groups A and B included 40 and 48 eligible cases, respectively. RESULTS: No obvious intergroup differences were observed including prescribed dose of UFT. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates (Groups A vs B) were 82 vs 90%, 50 vs 49% and 35 vs 30% (p = 0.2162). Excluding 4 operative deaths, the recurrence-free survival rates were 65 vs 70%, 32 vs 37% and 14 vs 17% (p = 0.3843). Initial recurrence sites were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: A bolus arterial injection of epirubicin does not change the long term results after radical hepatic resection for HCC.

Aged↗