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Biomedical subjects

H Kohno

Publications and source records attributed to H Kohno.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Therapeutic assessment of childhood obesity with body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis].

This study was conducted to assess the changes in body composition, such as body fat mass (F) and lean body mass (LBM), after the treatment of obesity with a low calorie balanced diet (LCBD) in out patient clinics. Body composition was measured by a bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL Systems, Detroit, Michigan, USA). 67 patients with over 30% of obesity index (OI), 36 males and 31 females, aged 3-15 years old were studied. 41% of the males and 13% of the females showed an increasing trend of OI after a temporary improvement of obesity (P < 0.001) during a one year treatment period. F and LBM, however, did not change significantly, irrespective of the OI increment (P < 0.001), which was due to the increase of LBM. These observations indicated that the effects of treatment with LCBD for obesity should be assessed by the changes in F and LBM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative study of health problems between wives of alcoholics and control wives].

This study involves an the analysis of health problems and psychosomatic disorders between wives of alcoholics and those of non-alcoholics. The subjects of the study were 122 wives of alcoholics who accompanied their husbands for outpatient alcoholism treatment at Kurihama National Hospital. For an appropriate comparison, 88 aged-matched wives of non-alcoholic husbands were asked to cooperate as controls. The subjects were given Cornell Medical Index (CMI) and our original questionnaire on their own and their husbands' health problems on their first outpatient visit. The controls were also given them during the same research period. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. The most obvious health problem of wives of alcoholics with an incidence significantly higher than that of wives of non-alcoholics was genital disease; 13.9% of the subjects had such diseases, in contrast to 1.1% of the controls. 2. The second health problem of the subjects which significantly exceeded that of the controls was cardiovascular disease (9.0% vs 1.1%). 3. The mean number of past illnesses of the subjects was 0.78 (SD 1.08) compared with 0.51 (SD 0.82) for the controls. 4. The rate of current illness of the subjects was 28.2% compared with 19.3% for the controls. 5. The rate of CMI Category IV (indicates "neurotic") of the subjects was 5.0% compared with 0.0% for the controls. 6. As a whole, our results were more moderate than those of previous studies, but wives of alcoholics had more current and past illness, and were more neurotic than the controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dephosphorylation on tyrosine of epidermal growth factor receptor is inhibited by Ca2+ pretreatment in isolated liver membrane.

The autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor of the liver membrane was enhanced by pretreatment with 1 mM Ca2+. This enhancement was blocked by 30 microM genistein, but not by 30 microM H-7. In immunoblotting analysis, the amount of phosphotyrosine increased in the Ca(2+)-pretreated membrane. When dephosphorylation processes were studied, receptor dephosphorylation occurred in a time-dependent manner in the untreated membrane, but not in the Ca(2+)-pretreated membrane. In the presence of sodium vanadate, receptor phosphorylation increased in the untreated membrane, but not in the Ca(2+)-pretreated membrane. Inhibition of dephosphorylation did not occur in the membrane pretreated with Ca2+ in the presence of monodansylcadaverine, a transglutaminase (TGase) inhibitor. These results suggest that Ca2+ pretreatment causes the inhibition of some protein tyrosine phosphatase via a Ca(2+)-involved mechanism such as activation of TGase and results in the enhancement of receptor phosphorylation.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Purification, molecular cloning, and induction of mRNA during erythroid differentiation.

Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.3), the enzyme involved in the sixth step of heme biosynthesis, was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine liver; it has a molecular mass of 37,000 daltons. Partial amino acid sequences were determined. Two degenerate oligonucleotides based on the sequences of trypsin-digested peptides were used in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify a 198-base pair fragment of coproporphyrinogen oxidase DNA, using bovine kidney cells cDNA as a starting template. This fragment was used as a hybridization probe to isolate full-length coproporphyrinogen oxidase clones from a mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cell cDNA library. Sequence analysis revealed that coproporphyrinogen oxidase comprises 354 amino acid residues (M(r) 40,647), with a putative leader sequence of 31 amino acid residues, the result being a mature protein of 323 amino acid residues (M(r) 37,255). RNA blot analysis revealed a 3.0-kilobase coproporphyrinogen oxidase mRNA in mouse liver and in MEL cells. Treatment of MEL cells with dimethyl sulfoxide led to an increase in coproporphyrinogen oxidase mRNA within 10 h, the induction reached a maximum at 24 h, and was in parallel with the induction of ferrochelatase mRNA. The cDNA allows for the expression of active coproporphyrinogen oxidase, the activity of which is mainly present in mitochondria of transfected cultured cells, thereby indicating that mammalian coproporphyrinogen oxidase is mitochondrial enzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Ovariectomy decreases the mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and increases the mRNA levels of osteocalcin in rat bone in vivo.

Estrogen depletion causes postmenopausal osteoporosis. Here we report that steady state mRNA levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and osteocalcin in bone persistently decreased and increased, respectively, in vivo in estrogen-depleted rats after ovariectomy (OVX). 21 female Wistar rats (7-month-old) were randomized and underwent OVX or sham-operation, total RNA was extracted from tibiae and assessed by Northern blot analysis. OVX induced 70-80% decrease in TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels and 2- to 3-fold increase in mRNA levels of osteocalcin compared with controls three weeks after surgery. These changes persisted up to twelve weeks post-operation. OVX caused 15% reduction in femoral bone mineral density and 2-fold elevation in serum osteocalcin levels as early as two weeks post-operation. Moreover, estrogen depletion resulted in marked decrease and increase, respectively, in steady state mRNA levels of TGF-beta 1 and osteocalcin in vitro in osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells, ROS 17/2.8. Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that expression of TGF-beta and osteocalcin in bone is reciprocally regulated at the transcriptional level in estrogen deficient OVX rats and suggests that TGF-beta 1 may play a role in estrogen-dependent maintenance of normal bone density.

Amino Acid Isomerases↗
PubMed1993

Calcium pretreatment induces the decrease in epidermal growth factor binding through the activation of transglutaminase in isolated liver membrane.

Pretreatment of hepatocytes with Ca2+ and A23187 resulted in the decrease in epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to the receptor. This decrease could be induced by only the pretreatment of the isolated liver membrane with Ca2+. By the pretreatment with 1 mM Ca2+ for 30 min, EGF binding was decreased to 40% of control. Scatchard plot analyses indicated that high affinity binding sites of EGF receptor disappeared after Ca2+ pretreatment. No effect of Ca2+ pretreatment on the degradation of receptor occurred. The Ca2+ effect was prevented by monodansylcadaverine or iodoacetamide, transglutaminase (TGase) inhibitors. After membrane-bound TGase was inactivated, the Ca2+ effect did not occur, except in the presence of purified TGase. Labeled putrescine was incorporated into some proteins of membrane with Ca2+ treatment. These results suggest that Ca(2+)-activated TGase induces the decrease in EGF binding to the receptor via modification of some membrane protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The effect of lead on iron uptake from transferrin in human erythroleukemia (K562) cells.

The effect of lead on cellular iron metabolism has been investigated using human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. When the cells were cultured with 100 microM Pb2+ for 48 h, the rate of cellular iron uptake from transferrin decreased to 46% of that in untreated cells. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed that this reduction was the result of a decrease in the number of transferrin receptors rather than an alteration in ligand-receptor affinity. The results of immunoprecipitation of transferrin receptors on the cell surface also confirmed the decreased expression of transferrin receptors by lead-treated cells. The down-regulation of transferrin receptors by treatment with lead did not result from a decrease in the total amount of the receptor, as determined by immunoblotting. Moreover, the biosynthesis of the receptor was unaffected by lead treatment. Thus, the down-regulation of surface transferrin receptors in lead-treated cells might be due to a redistribution of receptors rather than an actual loss of receptors from the cell. Using kinetic analysis, it was shown that redistribution of the receptor did not result from the alteration in the rates of transferrin receptor recycling. A comparison of the amounts of transferrin receptor on the cell surface and in the cycling pool revealed that the sequestration of the receptor from normal flow through the cycle might cause down-regulation of the surface receptor.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1993

Hyperaemia prior to acute cerebral swelling in severe head injuries: the role of transcranial Doppler monitoring.

Acute cerebrovascular congestion after a closed head injury is significantly related to intracranial hypertension. As an indirect method of cerebral blood flow measurement; transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) provides a rapid and noninvasive assessment of cerebral haemodynamics, including hyperaemic conditions. TCD examinations was serially performed in 35 patients with severe head injury with intact cerebral circulation; i.e. the mean flow velocity (MFV) patterns of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) did not show signs of cerebral circulatory arrest such as systolic spike, to and fro, or no flow. The results showed that the MFV of the MCAs and ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) in 9 of these patients increased sharply and pulsatility index (PI) decreased during 48-96 hours after the injury. This was soon followed by patterns of high intracranial resistance, consistent with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in monitored patients and acute brain swelling on repeated computed tomographic (CT) scans. The correlation between increased MFVs, decreased PIs, and cerebral haemodynamic changes leading to acute brain swelling is discussed. The number of patients who ended with severe disability, vegetative state, or death was 66% in this group of 9 patients, compared to only 34% for the 35 patients overall with severe head injury. Though the morbidity and mortality rates largely depend on the primary injury, the presence of acute cerebral swelling aggravate the grave course in these patients. And the ability of TCD to monitor the hyperaemic state prior to oedema should lead us to adjust the therapy in order to minimize the secondary insult related to intracranial hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Lack of intratumoral heterogeneity in DNA ploidy pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: From biological and clinical perspectives, it is important to clarify tumor heterogeneity. This study was aimed to investigate whether or not intratumoral heterogeneity of DNA ploidy pattern exists in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Using fresh materials resected from 31 untreated patients, DNA ploidy was analyzed at different sites of the same HCC by means of flow cytometry. The tumor size ranged from 1.7 to 25.0 cm. RESULTS: There was no case in which euploid and aneuploid HCCs coexisted in the same tumor. The DNA ploidy pattern was euploid in 15 and aneuploid in 16 instances. Of 15 euploid tumors, the areas analyzed were all diploid in 12 and tetraploid in 2 but diploid/tetraploid in 1. Among 16 aneuploid tumors, the DNA indices (DI) at different sites were similar in 9, but apparently, different aneuploid subclones coexisted in 7 cases. The incidence of DI heterogeneity in aneuploid HCCs was similar between small (< 5 cm) and large (> or = 5 cm) tumors; 3 of 7 (42.9%) versus 4 of 9 (44.4%). CONCLUSIONS: It is assumed that euploid and aneuploid HCCs develop in their own ploidy pattern and that the evolution of aneuploid subpopulations from euploid HCC is rare, but new aneuploid subclones can evolve from aneuploid HCC due to increased instability of its karyotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Incidence and factors associated with intrahepatic recurrence following resection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The long-term survival rate after liver resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is far from satisfactory, mainly because of high intrahepatic recurrence (IHR) rates. This study was aimed to clarify clinicopathologic factors relevant to IHR after resection of HCC. METHODS: The 10-year cumulative intrahepatic recurrence rates were analyzed in terms of seven clinical and eight pathological factors in 201 patients with curative hepatic resection. RESULTS: IHR was found in 121 patients during the follow-up period. The overall IHR rates were 22% at 1 year, 43% at 2 years, 62% at 3 years, 72% at 4 years, 75% at 5 years, and 75% at 10 years. Age, sex, and serum alpha-fetoprotein level, hepatitis B virus markers, and extent of liver resection were not significantly related to the IHR rate. Postoperative chemotherapy mainly with anthracycline tended to suppress IHR (P = 0.0889), but preoperative chemoembolization did not affect IHR. The presence of cirrhosis, satellite nodules, and venous invasion and the absence of capsule formation were associated with higher recurrence rates throughout the observation. Positive surgical margin (< or = 5 mm) was also associated with a higher IHR rate. Although not significant, well-differentiated HCCs showed a higher recurrence rate in comparison with poorly differentiated tumors. Size and number of tumor did not influence the IHR rate. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate patient selection and adequate hepatic reserve are important considerations in the management of HCC by resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

In vitro degradation of mitochondrial proteins by ATP-dependent protease in bovine adrenal cortex.

We have examined in vitro degradation of mitochondrial proteins by ATP-dependent protease in bovine adrenal cortex. Purified ATP-dependent protease degraded at least five proteins in vitro in the presence of ATP and Triton X-100 using mitochondrial fraction as a substrate. Two of the degraded proteins were identified as P-450scc and adrenodoxin reductase by immunoblotting. No degradation of P-45011 beta or adrenodoxin was detected. Purified P-450scc and adrenodoxin reductase were also degraded. By analyzing degradation products of P-450scc we identified 49 peptides and 59 cleavage sites. The size of the products was between 3 and 18 amino acid residues. The protease preferentially cleaved the carboxy-side of Leu, Phe, Ala, Val, Met, and some other amino acids. Since the protease (a matrix enzyme) is accessible to P-450scc and adrenodoxin reductase localized on the matrix side of inner membrane, the present results suggest that the protease might participate in the turnover of these two proteins and some other mitochondrial proteins.

ATP-Dependent Proteases↗
PubMed1993

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Results of 229 consecutive patients during 11 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the results in 229 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were treated by radical hepatic resection in the past 11 years. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Due to marked advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the therapeutic strategy for HCC has changed significantly. However, there are still many problems to be solved when hepatic resection is to be performed for HCC associated with chronic liver disease. A satisfactory result may be possible only when all of accurate operative indication, skillful surgical technique, and sophisticated postoperative management are met. METHODS: There were 188 men and 41 women. Age ranged from 32 to 79 years averaging 60.8. Underlying cirrhosis of the liver was found in 177 patients, and chronic hepatitis was found in 47 instances. Before surgery, 114 patients had 157 associated conditions; diabetes mellitus in 66, esophageal varices in 42, cholelithiasis in 22, peptic ulcer in 12, and miscellaneous in 15 cases. In addition to various types of hepatic resection, 69 patients underwent concomitant operations such as cholecystectomy, the Warren shunt, splenectomy, partial gastrectomy, and so forth. RESULTS: The 30-day (operative) mortality rate was 7.0%, and there were eight additional late deaths (3.5%). Child's class, bromosulphalein (BSP) test, and the estimated blood loss during surgery were good predictors for operative death. The cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates for all patients were 26.4% and 19.4%, respectively. At present, 110 patients are alive; 2 more than 10 years and 21 more than 5 years. Younger age, absence of cirrhosis, smaller tumor, and postoperative chemotherapy were associated with increased survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results of hepatic resection in 229 patients with HCC were analyzed. Child's class, BSP test, and blood loss during surgery were good predictors for operative death. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 26.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Age, liver cirrhosis, tumor size, and postoperative chemotherapy were prognostic factors. Multidisciplinary approach with liver resection, postoperative chemotherapy, and liver transplantation will be a realistic direction for the surgical treatment of HCC in future.

Blood Loss, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Major histocompatibility complex restriction of maternally induced suppression in young adult mice.

This study focused on the mode in which maternal T cells induce suppression of plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in offspring. The maternal T cells of C57BL/6J pregnant mice, which had been intraperitoneally injected with 2 x 10(8) of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) on day 12 of gestation, were transferred, 5 days after immunization, into (C3H/HeJ x C57BL/6J)F1 normal pregnant mice on day 12 of gestation. The (C3H/HeJ x C57BL/6J)F1 x C3H/HeJ offspring of (C3H/HeJ x C57BL/6J)F1 recipient pregnant mice were reared to more than 6 weeks of age, and their anti-SRBC PFC responses were examined. Suppression of anti-SRBC PFC response was observed in H-2bxk but not H-2k offspring. Thus, maternal T cells of SRBC-immunized pregnant mice induce suppression of anti-SRBC PFC in offspring with restriction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype utilized in maternal T-cell responses during pregnancy. Maternal CD4+ T cells are responsible for the MHC-restricted induction of PFC suppression in offspring. Furthermore we demonstrated, in this report, using adoptive transfer of maternal T cells from SRBC-immunized pregnant mice and in vitro secondary PFC assay in the offspring, that maternal T-cell-mediated suppression results from the development of CD4+ suppressor T cells in offspring. Moreover, the activation of suppressor T cells in offspring depends on the recognition of SRBC antigens presented in association with the same MHC haplotype as that utilized in the maternal T-cell response during pregnancy. Thus, the maternal T cells of SRBC-immunized pregnant mice generate a repertoire of suppressor T cells in their offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Involvement of peanut agglutinin-binding sugar chains in experimental metastasis of B16 melanoma cells.

Involvement of PNA (peanut agglutinin)-binding sugar chains in experimental metastasis of B16M4 cells and their metastatic variants (B16F1, B16F10, and B16BL6) was investigated by using ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2), which increased PNA binding to the cell surface without increasing concanavalin A or wheat germ agglutinin binding. The PNA binding to cell surface increased in parallel with the experimental metastatic ability in Rh2-treated B16M4 cells, and this increase in metastatic ability was suppressed when the cells were treated with PNA before i.v. injection of cells. Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin did not have such inhibitory effects. Increased PNA binding was observed on glycoproteins of M(r) 75,000-85,000, and was suggested to be due to reduced sialylation of PNA-binding sugar chains on these glycoproteins. In Rh2-treated B16F10 and B16BL6 cells, the increase in experimental metastatic ability was also associated with increased PNA binding to cell surface and M(r) 75,000-85,000 glycoproteins. Although the mechanisms of these effects of Rh2 are unknown, these results suggested that the reduced sialylation of PNA-binding sugar chains on M(r) 75,000-85,000 is related to the increased experimental metastatic ability of Rh2-treated B16 melanoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of granisetron alone and granisetron plus hydroxyzine hydrochloride for the prophylactic treatment of emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy].

In this study, the utility and safety of granisetron alone (Group G) and granisetron plus hydroxyzine hydrochloride (Group G/H) for nausea and vomiting were evaluated in patients with head and neck cancer treated by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the severity of nausea or frequency of vomiting, although all patients in the G/H group showed complete response (no nausea or vomiting) from the fifth day after cisplatin administration. The clinical utility rate was higher in Group G/H than in Group G. The only side effect observed was headache in one patient from Group G. No drug-related abnormality in laboratory tests was observed. These results demonstrate that the antiemetic efficacy of granisetron can be augmented by the addition of hydroxyzine hydrochloride, providing superior control of emesis induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Late malfunction of the Björk-Shiley valve prosthesis due to Delrin disc defacement].

A 55-year-old woman eighteen years after mitral valvular replacement with Delrin disc Björk-Shiley valve prosthesis underwent a reoperation of prosthetic valve replacement for the prosthetic malfunction due to disc defacement. The patient suffered from faintness and vertigo at rest. An echocardiographic examination showed a moderate mitral insufficiency with a normal disc movement. Precise examination on the removed prosthesis revealed accelerated defacement of disc margin which made the ring-disc clearance up to 0.35 mm and strut-shaped groove formation on the inlet surface of the disc occluder. These findings suggested a pronouncedly earlier disc wear than predicted by Björk and co-workers. We concluded, therefore, that a patient undergone a valve replacement with Delrin disc Björk-Shiley valve should be examined periodically by echocardiography even though being without any symptoms.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[High dose nicardipine therapy for delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

The effect of high dose nicardipine on delayed cerebral vasospasm was studied in 33 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intravenous infusion of nicardipine started before or immediately after early operation. The dosage was from 4 to 10 mg/h with an average of 7.4 mg/h. The duration was from 2 to 17 days with an average of 12.3 days. Symptomatic vasospasm was observed in only one (3%) out of 33 patients. The remaining 32 patients (97%) showed neither ischemic symptoms nor low-density areas on computed tomography. Severe angiographical vasospasm was diagnosed in 3 patients, who entered hospital on day 3 to 5 after initial attacks. They were operated upon on day 4 to 6 under the administration of nicardipine before or immediately after the operation. No patients showed symptomatic vasospasm and angiographical vasospasm was improved markedly. The present study demonstrated that high dose nicardipine appeared to prevent both brain ischemia and angiographical vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.

Adult↗