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Biomedical subjects

H Kino

Publications and source records attributed to H Kino.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Acute myeloblastic leukemia development in a patient with small cell lung cancer in complete remission].

A 67 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of cough and sputum. He smoke one pack of cigarettes a day for more than twenty years and the chest X-ray film revealed a mass in the left hilum and left sided pleural effusion. The diagnosis of small carcinoma of the lung (limited disease, T4N1MO, stage 3B) was made by trans-bronchial lung biopsy and radiographic studies. Both chemotherapy (nimustine (ACNU), cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate) and radiation therapy was started, however, the chemotherapy was discontinued in July 1987 because of severe anemia. The diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) was made by bone marrow aspiration and the patient was treated by transfusion (400-800 ml/week). In December 1987 transition to acute myeloblastic leukemia was confirmed by another bone marrow aspiration biopsy and the patient was given low dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). The response was favorable in the beginning but in about two months pancytopenia became refractory and the patient died in June 1988. Clinically there was no sign of local or distal recurrences of lung cancer, and the complete remission of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was confirmed by autopsy. Survival in SCLC remains poor, so that the choice of treatment is still the primary concern, however, development of other malignancies which include acute leukemia is another problem which should be taken into account when the treatment is extensive.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Learning from lesions: patterns of tissue inflammation in leprosy.

The clinical forms of leprosy constitute a spectrum that correlates closely with the degree of cell-mediated immunity. Patients with tuberculoid leprosy develop strong cell-mediated responses and have only a few, localized lesions, whereas patients with multibacillary lepromatous leprosy are specifically unresponsive to antigens of Myobacterium leprae. T cells of the CD4+ subset predominate in tuberculoid lesions, whereas CD8+ cells predominate in lepromatous lesions. Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subpopulations of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were used to analyze the distribution of T cells infiltrating lesions across the disease spectrum. In lepromatous lesions, T cells of T-suppressor phenotype (9.3-) were the predominant CD8+ cells and suppressor/inducer cells (2H4+, Leu-8+) represented half of the CD4+ subset. In tuberculoid lesions, helper T cells (CD4+4B4+) outnumbered suppressor/inducer T cells by 14:1, compared with a ratio of 1.2:1 in peripheral blood. Analysis of the precursor frequency of antigen-reactive T cells permitted us to estimate that there was a 100-fold enrichment of T cells able to proliferate in response to M. leprae antigens in tuberculoid lesions (2/100), when compared with blood from the same patients. The methods used here to characterize the T-lymphocyte subsets and frequency of antigen-reactive T cells in leprosy may be useful in analyzing immunological reactions occurring in lesions of other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between forced expiratory flow and tracheal sounds. Possible effect of vortices on flow.

We measured both tracheal sounds and forced expiratory flows simultaneously in 20 normal subjects and 4 patients with stenosis of the main bronchus. Spectral analysis of the tracheal sounds revealed development of discrete line spectra, the frequencies of which ranged between 488 and 942 Hz. There was a positive correlation between these frequencies and the peak flows (r = 0.601). We speculate that the origin of these line spectra are vortices rather than the vibrations of the wall. It is postulated that the pressure drops caused by vortices make the airways more susceptible to collapse and may lead to flow limitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Differences in biological characteristics of two strains of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta.

Biological characteristics of infectivity, growth rate and fecundity of Hymenolepis diminuta isolated from wild Rattus rattus in Japan were compared with parasites of Texas origin maintained for several generations in this and many other laboratories in laboratory bred Rattus norvegicus. The timing of development and maturation was similar in parasites from both sources, but the mean parasite dry weight was less and the mean egg production lower in Japanese parasites in both single and multiple infections. The differences persisted over 10 weeks in single infections, and were unaffected by rat strain. In all experiments there was much greater variation and heterogeneity in the biological characteristics of the Japanese parasites. It was concluded that the Texas parasites were better adapted to R. norvegicus and in the course of adaptation had become more homogeneous, and that the difference between the parasite strains had a complex genetic basis. Some Japanese parasites of the early isolated generations failed to produce normal eggs, but the proportion of these decreased in later generations. However, selected individual Japanese parasites whose egg production was equal to that of parasites of Texas origin did not produce offspring of larger mean size or higher mean fecundity, and heterogeneity of these characteristics was maintained. In the intermediate host, the mean number of cysticercoids of the Japanese isolate per beetle was higher than that of the Texas strain in Tribolium confusum but lower in Tenebrio molitor. The greater heterogeneity exhibited by Japanese parasites and the genetic basis of the strain difference are discussed with particular reference to geographical isolation, differences in definitive hosts and co-evolution of wild and laboratory host and parasite populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Paradoxical functions of alveolar macrophages from Calmette-Guérin bacillus-immunized rats.

The effect of autologous alveolar macrophages on the lymphoproliferative response to mitogens was investigated using Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG)-immunized rats. The proliferation of lymphocytes obtained from normal rats was suppressed when the lymphocytes were cultured with alveolar macrophages at any proportion, but there was an enhancement in the lymphoproliferative response when the lymphocytes from BCG-immunized rats were incubated with alveolar macrophages at the ratio of 100:1. The supernatant of alveolar macrophage cultures from both normal and BCG-immunized rats showed a suppressive effect on lymphocytes while the supernatant of lymphocyte-alveolar macrophage cultures from BCG-immunized rats enhanced the lymphoproliferation. The results indicate that there are soluble factors elaborated by alveolar macrophages which have opposite effects on lymphoproliferation, and that these factors may be involved in the development of the hyperimmune state of the lung in tuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Angiostrongylus cantonensis: paralysis due to avermectin B1a and ivermectin.

Paralysis due to avermectin B1a and ivermectin of Angiostrongylus cantonensis was compared to that of phenylephrine (an alpha-adrenergic agonist) and strychnine (a cholinergic inhibitor). The paralyzing action of ivermectin (2.5 X 10(-9) g/ml) was inhibited by the single, simultaneous addition of picrotoxin (3 X 10(-5) M), whereas the effect of the drug (2.5 X 10(-7) g/ml) was reversed only when picrotoxin was given with cholinergic spasmogens such as pyrantel and eserine. Bicuculline (3 X 10(-5) M) had a similar antagonistic effect for picrotoxin, but bicuculline was less effective. The paralyzing action of avermectin B1a (3.6 X 10(-14) M, 3.0 X 10(-14) g/ml) was antagonized only when picrotoxin was given with cholinergic spasmogens such as pyrantel, eserine, and N-methylcytisine (N-MC), or alpha-adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine and dibenamine. On the other hand, the paralyzing action of strychnine (3 X 10(-6) M) or phenylephrine (3 X 10(-5) M) was relatively uninfluenced by picrotoxin, but was antagonized by pyrantel and N-MC or dibenamine. These results suggest that a gabergic mechanism is involved in the paralyzing action of ivermectin, as well as avermectin B1a, in A. cantonensis.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Parasite density and the fecundity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in rats.

The larval output of Angiostrongylus cantonensis at different initial densities in rats was examined throughout the reproductive life-span of the worms using a modified dilution technique. With an initial density of 2 worms the mean duration of larval output was 414.2 days. The output was at a level above 50000 larvae/female/day from 15 to 45 weeks after infection. The mean total output was 18.9 X 10(6) larvae/female. The larval output/female decreased with an increase in the worm burden and also with the passage of time after infection. The longevity of host rats also decreased with increasing worm density and many of the heavily infected rats died early during infection. These results suggest that worm density has an effect on the fecundity of this parasite, and that the effects may be due to fibrous changes in host lung tissue but not changes in the physiology of the worms. It is also suggested that density-dependent effects on fecundity play a role in the population dynamics of both the parasite and host as regulatory mechanisms in the field.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1984

[Plethysmogram of the human uterine cervix in late pregnancy--with special reference to maturation of the cervix].

Plethysmograms of the human pregnant uterine cervix have been recorded to elucidate same facets of the local hemodynamics in terms of the characteristic plethysmographic patterns referable to cervical maturation in late pregnancy. The author has developed a transparent type of transducer by which the plethysmograms have been able to be recorded serially from the entire tissue layer of the cervical wall. With this method, it has also been possible to calibrate quantitatively and to analyze the wave patterns in the same way as with finger tip plethysmography. A monophasic plethysmogram pattern is peculiar to the cervix of non-pregnant women. With the progress of pregnancy, it has been observed frequently that the wave height has become low with fine oscillations in the descending phase of waves. These changes found in late pregnancy have disappeared immediately in the early stage of puerperium. The characteristic patterns of plethysmogram in late pregnancy were classified into four types, A, B, C and D. In late pregnancy, when the cervix reached mature status, types C and D, lower height of waves showing a plateau pattern, with fine oscillations in the descending phase of waves, have been observed frequently. From these observations, it would appear that this characteristic plethysmographic pattern indicates the matured cervix prepared for labor. The plethysmographic changes of pregnant cervix with special reference to the histological characteristics of pregnant cervix have been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (IV). Effects of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)].

Effects of N-methylcytisine (N-MC) and matrine (Mat), alkaloids from Sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated frog rectus and mouse ileum were studied. 1) The motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis was affected spastically by N-MC (1.2 X 10(-6) approximately 1.2 X 10(-4) M), but paralytically by Mat (10(-5) approximately 10(-4) M). 2) The motility of Dipylidium caninum and Fasciola hepatica was affected paralytically by N-MC (1.2 X 10(-4) approximately 1.2 X 10(-3) M), but spastically by Mat (10(-4) approximately 10(-3) M). 3) Treatment with N-MC (10(-3) M) and Mat (8 X 10(-4) M) had little effect on the motility of Schistosoma japonicum. 4) Both N-MC (1.2 X 10(-5) approximately 2.4 X 10(-5) M) and Mat (10(-4) M) stimulated the twitch response induced by guanidine (2.5 X 10(-5) M) in the frog isolated rectus preparation. 5) The motility of the mouse isolated ileum preparation was affected paralytically by N-MC (1.2 X 10(-5) approximately 1.2 X 10(-4) M), but spastically by Mat (10(-4) approximately 10(-3) M). Thus, N-MC and Mat acted antagonistically on all the preparations with the exception of the frog rectus preparation. From the results on interactions between these alkaloids and known neuropharmacological agents, it is suggested that the effects of both alkaloids are elicited through a neuropharmacological mechanism in parasitic helminths and host tissues.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (III). Effects of tuberostemonine from Stemona japonica on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)].

Effects of tuberostemonine (TS), an alkaloid from Stemona japonica, on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated frog rectus and mouse ileum were studied. 1) TS (6.7 X 10(-6) approximately 2 X 10(-5) M) paralyzed the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. 2) TS (6.7 X 10(-5) M) showed contractive effects on the motility of Dipylidium caninum and Fasciola hepatica. 3) Treatment with TS (6.7 X 10(-5) approximately 4.8 X 10(-4) M) had little effect on the motility of Schistosoma japonicum. 4) TS (6.7 X 10(-5) M) paralyzed the motility of the mouse isolated ileum preparation. 5) TS (6.7 X 10(-7) 6.7 X 10(-6) M) stimulated the twitch response induced by guanidine (2.5 X 10(-3) M) in the frog isolated rectus preparation. 6) Eserine and TS acted antagonistically on all preparations with the the exception of S. japonicum. 7) TS and strychnine were antagonistic in isolated host tissues, whereas these compounds acted similarly on parasitic helminths. Thus, it is suggested that some of the experiential effects of the crude extracts of Stemona such as the anthelmintic effects are caused through the action of TS on parasitic helminths and host tissues.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1982

Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (VI) effects of various neuropharmacological agents on the motility of Dipylidium caninum.

Effects of various neuropharmacological agents on the motility of Dipylidium caninum was studied. 5-HT stimulated the motility of D. caninum, while other drugs such as GABA, adrenaline, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, dibenamine, and propranolol showed little effect. The stimulatory action of 5-HT was antagonized by tryptophol. Stibnal caused paralysis which was blocked by the pretreatment with 5-HT. Paralytic effects were caused by eserine, dichlorovos, ACh, carbachol and DMPP, but not by pilocarpine and McN-A-343. d-Tubocurarine, hexamethonium, and atropine all showed little effect on the motility and on the paralytic action of eserine. Though guanidine showed little effect, strychnine remarkably stimulated the motility. The action of strychnine was stimulated by 5-HT but partially inhibited by tryptophol. Morphine and picrate slightly stimulated the motility, but showed little influence on the paralytic action of eserine. These two agents stimulated the paralyzed preparation by tryptophol transiently and sustainedly, respectively. These results on the cholinergic and serotonergic drugs basically showed good agreement with those reported in trematodes such as Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (VII). Effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

Effects of various cholinergic agents on the motility of Angiostrongylus cantonensis were studied to define the neuropharmacological properties of this worm. Stimulation of the motility and/or contraction were shown by eserine, ACh, carbachol, nicotine, DMPP, pyrantel, and Ba2+, but not by pilocarpine and McN-A-343. Contraction was similarly observed by these agents in the preparations paralyzed with praziquantel. Paralysis was caused remarkably by d-tubocurarine and slightly by succinylcholine, while the contraction induced by eserine and DMPP was little influenced by these drugs. Both the motility and the eserine-induced contraction were little influenced by hexamethonium, but stimulated remarkably by atropine. Though hemicholinium-3, morphine, and picrate showed little effect, guanidine stimulated remarkably the motility and also the eserine-induced contraction. The stimulatory action of guanidine was antagonized by strychnine. Strychnine paralyzed the motility, and the eserine-induced contraction was antagonized by the pre- and post-treatment with strychnine. From these results, it is suggested that the excitatory cholinergic mechanism in A. cantonensis is nicotinic, and it is basically similar to that reported in Ascaris suum.

Angiostrongylus↗