[Cause of death in diabetics in Japan].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kikuchi
Publications and source records attributed to H Kikuchi.
[The development of visible light-cured composite resin. Kinds of fillers to be mixed with cyclophosphazene system monomers and its amount and its physical properties].
A visible light-cured composite resin was developed. Cyclophosphazene monomer, 4 PN-(TF)1-(EMA)7 was prepared as a monomer. The ratio of brush abrasion, mechanical properties, water sorption, thermal expansion coefficient and the surface of abrasion were examined after mixing with fillers of different particle size (R-972, OX-50 and VL-30). The ratio of brush abrasion showed a tendency to be small when more than 50 wt% of VL-30 with a large particle size was mixed with 4 PN-(TF)1-(EMA)7 monomer. However its abrasion surface was rough compared with that of the microparticle filler. When the microparticle filler (50 wt% of OX-50) was mixed with the monomer, its mechanical properties were good for the mixture with 50 wt% OX-50. In that case, the ratio of brush abrasion was 0.268, compressive and transverse strength, 124.3 and 86.3 MPa respectively, hardness, 43.2 Hk, water absorption 14.2 micrograms/mm3 and thermal expansion coefficient, 47.4 x 10(-6)/degrees C.
Composite Resins↗
[The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on intracranial pressure in a congenital hydrocephalic model].
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), which was discovered from rat atria, has been implicated in the regulation of systemic water and electrolyte balances. Recently, ANP and that specific receptor was identified in rat brain. These observations suggest the additional central effect of ANP. In this study, the effect of ANP on the intracranial pressure, brain water content and brain sodium concentration was studied with congenital hydrocephalus rats (HTX strain). This strain of rat has a high incidence of congenital hydrocephalus (50%), and the survival period of hydrocephalic rat was 4-5 weeks. Using this hydrocephalic HTX rats, the intracranial pressure was measured through the fine needle of 26 gauge which was placed in the ventricle stereotaxically. The water content was measured by dry-weight method. The brain tissue sodium concentration was measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimazu Corp., AA-670). Because ANP did not pass through the blood-brain barrier, ANP was administered into the cerebral ventricle with direct puncture. Intraventricular administration of 2 micrograms of alpha-hANP decreased the intracranial pressure significantly (p less than 0.01), from 5.25 +/- 0.60 (mean +/- SEM) mmHg to 3.00 +/- 0.35 mmHg (n = 10), from 7.38 +/- 1.13 mmHg to 5.20 +/- 1.32 mmHg (n = 5) after 40 minute in both 21 and 28 days HTX rats, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Intrahepatic bilomas after hepatic arterial embolization of malignant hepatic neoplasms].
Reviewed and discussed are six cases of intrahepatic biloma that developed after hepatic arterial embolization therapy for malignant hepatic tumors. All six cases were administered emulsion of adriamycin and lipiodol and/or sponge gel particles, as the etiology of their disease was considered to be bile duct necrosis due to obstructions of peripheral supplying arterial branches. From the 23rd to the 76 days after embolization therapy, each lesion was detected by CT scan, and every case showed an elevation of serum alkaline phoshatase. Further, in 4 cases, hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed a delayed bile clearance in the hepatic lobe. In one case followed up for 2 months, only one of two lesions disappeared. And in 5 cases that were followed up for more than 4 months, recovery occurred in 4 cases without any further treatment, but another case required percutaneous drainage for 3.5 months to be cured. An intrahepatic biloma, or bile duct necrosis, is a complication that can arise from hepatic arterial embolization therapy, so that careful follow-up must be given.
Aged↗
[Magnetic resonance imaging of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm].
We report MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) findings of 31 cases with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Among these cases, 25 were studied within 72 hours after onset of SAH. A resistive type MRI scanner operating at a field of 0.2 Tesla was used in obtaining inversion recovery (IR) and saturation recovery (SR) images. IR 1500/43/400 (T1 weighted image, T1W), SR 1000/60 (SR image) and SR 2000/100 (T2 weighted image, T2W) were chosen for analysis. The SR image was usually adopted and coronal and/or sagittal images were added when there was enough time for examination. Slice thickness was 10 mm and slice interval was 15 mm. The scan was not necessarily aimed at the visualization of aneurysm itself. 1) In the acute phase of SAH, subarachnoid spaces near the ruptured aneurysm were appeared as isointensity areas on T1W and as high intensity areas on SR image. In the subacute phase, they were depicted as high intensity areas on both T1W and SR images, and as high intensity areas on T2W. 2) Intraventricular hemorrhage was visualized as a niveau-like high intensity area, especially, within the posterior horns on the SR images. 3) SR and T2W images were suitable for detection of aneurysm itself. In a resistive-type scanner, small aneurysms were not easily visualized due to the lack of high resolution. However, 29% of aneuysms, which were not giant, could be visualized on MRI. 4) Identification of intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia from various causes was easy on both T1W and T2W images.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
[Experimental analysis of anti-tumor cytotoxic mechanism for hybrid resistance to mouse neuroblastoma].
A spontaneous neuroblastoma (NB-85, H-2a/a) was tested for hybrid resistance (HyR) after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation into syngeneic and semisyngeneic mice. The hybrids (F1) (H-2a/b) between A/Sn and Leaden mice and the F1 between A/Sn X C57BL/6 mice were more resistant to the s.c. inocula of 10(6) to 5 X 10(5) cells than syngeneic recipients. Thymectomy, followed by irradiation and fetal liver reconstitution, abrogated the HyR against NB-85, whereas intravenous (i.v.) administration of anti-asialo-GM1 antibodies had no influence on the resistance. Surface phenotypic analysis revealed that NB-85 expressed H-2 Kk (-), Dd (+) and beta 2-microglobulin (-), showing a dissociation of the cell surface. Anti-H-2a-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes exhibited a significant lytic activity against NB-85, while NB-85 was highly refractory to natural killer cell (NK)-mediated lysis. In vivo NK-mediated rejection assays showed that 125I-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) labeled NB-85 cells were not eliminated more efficiently from the highly resistant F1 hybrids than from the parental strain. Furthermore, genotypic study with segregating (A/Sn X Leaden) F1 X A/Sn backcross mice showed that the HyR was attributable primarily to heterozygosity within the H-2 complex. Taken together, it was suggested that the HyR to an NK-resistant mouse NB-85 neuroblastoma might involve a T cell-dependent immunosurveillance with H-2 genetic control.
Animals↗
[Bronchoconstriction in isocapnic hyperventilation-induced asthma].
It is well known that some asthmatic patients develop bronchoconstriction after exercise challenge (exercise-induced asthma, EIA). Recently, it has been pointed out that isocapnic hyperventilation also induces similar bronchoconstriction (hyperventilation-induced asthma, HIA) in the same asthmatic subjects. However, the mechanism of HIA has not yet been determined. In the present study, we performed exercise and hyperventilation challenge in the same patients and pulmonary function data and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) in peripheral blood were examined before and after both challenges. Twelve asthmatic patients with normal pulmonary function data on testing days were subjected to exercise test on a bicycle ergometer and then isocapnic hyperventilation tests in subsequent days. Subjects breathed dry air from the cylinder. Isocapnic hyperventilation was performed by monitoring minute ventilation and each patient followed the same minute ventilation exercise. The reduction of FEV1.0 and time course of airway obstruction were almost the same after exercise and hyperventilation testing. All patients who developed EIA also developed HIA and other patients did not develop both EIA and HIA. Changes of Rrs, V50 and V25 and their time course after each test were also similar in EIA(+) and HIA(+), and in EIA(-) and HIA(-). NCF increased significantly after both challenges in EIA(+) and HIA(+) patient, although increment of NCF was much less these the increases of HIA(+). These data may suggest that the development of bronchoconstriction was compatible after exercise and hyperventilation in each asthmatic patient, however, the mechanism of HIA may differ from EIA, although NCF slightly but significantly increased in HIA, suggesting the possible role of a chemical mediator.
Adolescent↗
[Intraluminal thrombosis and growth-mechanism of giant intracranial aneurysms].
12 giant intracranial aneurysms were studied by MRI. Intraluminal thrombosis was observed in 9 aneurysms. Thrombosis was found more frequently in larger aneurysms. Thrombi were formed posteriorly or inferiorly in the lumen of 4 among 5 IC-cavernous aneurysms. Location of the neck of the aneurysms and stagnation of blood flow influenced by gravity may be causative factors determining the location of thrombi. In 6 aneurysms intraluminal thrombi were inhomogeneous on MRI, suggesting that the thrombi had been formed at different times. New thrombi were formed between the aneurysmal wall and the old thrombus in 3 cases. Dissection of the aneurysmal wall by residual blood flow in the lumen or hemorrhage in the aneurysmal wall may be one of the growth mechanisms of giant intracranial aneurysms.
Adolescent↗
[A case of the Stewart-Treves syndrome (post-mastectomy angiosarcoma) with special reference to a radiological study].
Reported is the case of a 54-year-old female manifesting the Stewart-Treves syndrome (a postmastectomy angiosarcoma.) The patient had developed an angiosarcoma in her lymphoedematous right shoulder and lower neck develop ten years after a radical mastectomy for a papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma of the right mammary gland. Radiologically, a well-enhanced tumor was revealed by computed tomography, which angiographically had more stains and tumor vessels than usual for a mammary carcinoma and less than usually seen in a cavernous hemangioma. Histologically, this tumor showed less of a luminal differentiation than a conventional angiosarcoma and resembled a fibrosarcoma. Computed tomography and angiography were found useful in achieving a diagnosis and the subsequent therapy for this Stewart-Treves syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
[Subrenal capsule assay using nude mice].
Six-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) using normal immunocompetent mice developed by Bogden et al. is a promising in vivo chemosensitivity test. This method, however, has a problem of influence of the host reaction. We compared the tumor growth kinetics and host reaction between normal immunocompetent and nude mice. The tumor diameter increased until day 6 in normal and day 16 in nude mice, respectively. However the histological finding revealed many host reactive cells and few viable tumor cells on day 6 in normal mice, and well preserved tumour cells on day 16 in nude mice. These results were supported by flow cytometrical analysis. Then, we examined two immunosuppressive drugs; cyclophosphamide (EX) and cyclosporin A (CSA) in SRCA. The tumors increased in the diameter until day 16 in both EX and CSA-treated groups, but the results of the histological examination showed that tumor cells were preserved in tissue on day 14 in CSA-treated and day 6 in EX-treated group. These results were also supported by flow cytometrical analysis. From the investigation of antitumour activities of adriamycin (ADR) and mitomycin C, it was suggested that the 12-day assay was suitable if nude mice were used in SRCA, and six-day assay also, if EX-treated normal mice were used. In CSA-treated group, more toxicity of anticancer drugs was manifested than usual. We studied whether or not CSA had a usefulness in SRCA with normal immunocompetent mice. Sixty mg/kg of CSA was given to BDF1 mice daily SC, and various dosage of ADR was given i.v. on day 2. The body weight of BDF1 mice decreased over 20% within 10 days when ADR was given at more than 5 mg/kg. MX-1, a human breast carcinoma cell line, is known to be sensitive to ADR. This tumor was implanted SC in the back of BALB/c nu/nu mice and chemosensitivity was tested against ADR. ADR resulted to be positive at the dose of 8 mg/kg. On the other hand, the dose of 5 mg/kg proved to be negative, and hence the result of SRCA would be false negative, if the dose of ADR is reduced to avoid the toxicity of CSA. The tumor grew slowly when only 60 mg/kg of CSA was given daily for three weeks, and the inhibition rate was 56.2%. The toxicity of CSA was neglected because the body weight loss was approximately 13%. CSA may have the antitumor effect by itself, and EX did not suppress the host reaction sufficiently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Rapid measurement of human parathyroid hormone-(1-84) by immunoradiometric assay for use in intraoperative determination of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands].
Rapid measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone concentration was achieved by modification of an immunoradiometric assay for the hormone. Incubation of serum samples for 15 min at 37 degrees C under shaking gave optimal results in terms of assay variance and reproducibility: intra-assay CVs were less than 10% over the hormone concentrations of 11-1,600 pg/ml; intra- and inter-assay CVs for two control sera at different hormone levels were less than 12%. The minimal detectable hormone concentration was found at 27.8 pg/ml. The serum hormone levels of 43 subjects (31 health subjects, 9 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and 3 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism) determined by either rapid or regular assay well correlated with each other (r2 = 0.979, p less than 0.001). In two patients with parathyroid adenoma serum intact PTH levels fell rapidly to 12.1% of the preoperative values 20 min after ligation of the vascular pedicle to the hyperfunctioning glands. We conclude that the modified assay protocol allows rapid, accurate, and simple estimation of intact PTH concentrations, and can be used as an intraoperative measure to aid both diagnosis and surgical cure of hyperparathyroidism.
Chi-Square Distribution↗
[Cerebral microcirculation during increased intracranial pressure--assessment with reflectance photometry].
The cerebral microcirculation under increased intracranial pressure was evaluated by using reflectance photometric method. The values of tissue hemoglobin (IHb) and its oxygen saturation (ISO2) detected by this method were evaluated in cat brain tissue. The correlation between IHb and content of cortical hemoglobin subunits in vitro was high. High correlation between ISO2 and blood oxygen saturation in superior sagittal sinus was also noted in hypoxic hypoxia. Thus, the reflectance photometric method was revealed to be applicable for evaluation of regional hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation. Using this method the cerebral microcirculation was studied in an increased intracranial pressure model produced by injection of artificial CSF into the cisterna magna in cats. Regional cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured simultaneously by thermal diffusion method. During decrease of perfusion pressure down to 40 mmHg with preservation of CBF, compensatory increase of IHb was not observed, but IHb rather gradually decreased. The decrease of IHb would be due collapse of capacitance vessels by increased intracranial pressure. Cerebral ISO2 was stable as well as CBF. Less than 40 mmHg of perfusion pressure, ISO2 started to decrease in association with CBF and IHb. Since ISO2 seems to be closely related to the tissue oxygen extraction the change of ISO2 reflect the CBF and tissue cerebral oxygen metabolism. Present study suggest the evaluations of IHb and ISO2 were an useful monitoring indexes in various cerebral disorders.
Animals↗
[Improvement in the mechanical properties of artificial blood vessel suitable for the extracranial cerebral artery].
Saphenous vein interposition grafts have been commonly used for the reconstruction of occlusive lesions in the extracranial cerebral vessels, such as carotid or vertebral arteries. In contrast, cerebral revascularization using an artificial blood vessel has not been so common. This is due to the fact that conventional artificial blood vessels have been too firm or too rigid for use in the neurosurgery. Another reason is that the long term patency rate of small caliber artificial blood vessels has usually been inferior to that found in autologous vein grafts. The purpose of this study was to develop a soft and compliant artificial blood vessel suitable for cerebrovascular surgery. This new artificial blood vessel is made of polyurethane, porous in structure (porous polyurethane). Thus, multiple small-sized pores exist both in the inner and outer surfaces, and in the wall of the porous polyurethane graft. To test its mechanical properties, we evaluated stress-strain curves and compliance. In comparison to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft (Goretex), which has been one of the most commonly used artificial blood vessels in the cardiovascular surgery, the mechanical properties of the porous polyurethane graft more closely resembled those of the common carotid artery in dogs. Thus, porous polyurethane graft was shown to be a soft and compliant new artificial blood vessel. This means not only that it can be maneuvered with technical ease for anastomosis but also that there is a reduction of compliance-mismatch between the host vessel and the artificial vessel. Compliance mismatch has been documented as a major factor in the inducement of intimal hyperplasia, which causes a delayed occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Evaluation of increasing digital blood flow during early period of air-cooled cold test].
The present study was performed to elucidate peripheral hemodynamic changes, especially, digital blood flow, caused by an air-cooled cold test. Experiments were carried out by placing the subject's left hand in a box that was kept at a temperature of about 18 degrees C by air-cooling. At the same time, the digital blood flow, digital blood pressure, compliances of the peripheral resistance and capacitance vessels were measured. These parameters were measured on the left forefinger of the cooled side, and also on the opposite side according to Kato's method at 3 points, 1) at normal condition (before cooling stated). 2) 30 seconds after the cooling began and 3) 10 minutes after the cooling began. The following results were obtained; 1) The systemic blood pressure, digital blood pressure and heart rate showed no statistically significant differences in measurements taken at the above three stages. 2) The mean value of the digital blood flow was found to have increased after 30 seconds, and to have decreased after 10 minutes of cooling. Statistically, significant differences were noted at the above three stages. 3) The mean value of the peripheral vascular resistance was found to have increased after 30 seconds, and to have decreased after 10 minutes. 4) Compliances of the peripheral resistance vessel and capacitance vessel showed no significant changes on either side except between normal condition and after 10 minutes of cooling.
Adult↗
[Acute interhemispheric subdural hematoma: a case report with good result by small craniotomy during the chronic stage].
A 88-year-old male slipped down and hit his head on the floor on the night of November 27, 1988. He was able to return to bed and fell asleep. Next morning, he noticed gait disturbance and was admitted to our clinic. Neurological examination revealed monoparesis (1/5) and hyperreflexia of the left lower extremity. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a semilunar high density area with the base toward the right side of the falx. General anesthesia for craniotomy was judged to be contra-indicated because serious ischemic heart disease was also present. Although his neurological condition proved to be not progressive, and the monoparesis recovered gradually under conservative treatment, he could not walk by himself one month after the accident. Since the hematoma was surmised to be liquidized and, hence, could be aspirated either through a burr hole or by small craniotomy, an operation was performed under local anesthesia on January 4th, 1989. The hematoma was successfully removed, and the muscle power of the extremities improved to the level of 4/5 - 5/5 just after operation. He was discharged on foot. Lately, there seems to be an increase in patients with traumatic intra-cranial hematomas who, because of systemic problems related to advanced age, are regarded as high-risk subjects for craniotomy under general anesthesia. Not a few of these patients have residual neurological deficits, even though they are in a chronic stage. The subject of this case reported here is typical of such patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Disease↗
Characteristic sequences in the upstream region of the human tyrosinase gene.
A human tyrosinase gene containing a 5'-flanking region and the first exon was isolated from a normal human liver library using mouse tyrosinase cDNA as a probe for screening. In the 5'-upstream region of transcriptional start sites, there is a putative TATA box and CAAT box and some palindromic sequences. A characteristic sequence of (GA:TCn, which can assume a hinged-DNA structure, was present from -869 nt to -633 nt in this 5'-flanking region.
Albinism↗
An experimental approach to specific adoptive immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors.
With the aid of interleukin 2 (IL-2), two phenotypically different cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were established with target specificity against syngeneic murine malignant brain tumor (a methylcholanthrene-induce ependymoblastoma of C57BL/6 mouse origin, 203-glioma). Furthermore, the cloned CTL lines were characterized in vitro, and their in vivo effectiveness was investigated by intracerebral (i.c.) tumor neutralization assay and adoptive immunotherapy with the clones for i.c. tumor-bearing mice. Each CTL clone retained an IL-2 dependency with a defined functional activity. G-CTLL 1 with a phenotype of Lyt-1-.2.3+ exhibited a target cytotoxicity against 2 kinds of murine glioma cells, syngeneic 203-glioma and allogeneic RSV-M glioma (Schmitt-Ruppin rous sarcoma virus-induced malignant astrocytoma). It is noted that G-CTLL 1 cells produced gamma interferon (IFN) by stimulation with glioma antigens. The spontaneous release of gamma IFN paralleled the amounts of exogenous IL-2 added into the cultures, but IL-2 had no synergistic effects on IFN release in the presence of tumor antigens. Furthermore, by adding anti-mouse gamma IFN antibody, the IFN production of G-CTLL 1 cells was inhibited but their lytic potential was hardly reduced in vitro. In contrast, G-CTLL 2 cells expressed a cell surface phenotype of Lyt-1+.2.3+ with more restricted target specificity against only syngeneic 203-glioma cells, although they showed a weaker cytotoxicity than G-CTLL 1 cells and no release of gamma IFN. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy using G-CTLL 1 cells was confirmed in both adoptive immunotherapy and tumor neutralization assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Efficacy and adverse effects of beta-interferon in the treatment of malignant glioma].
Sixteen patients with malignant glioma were treated by the intravenous administration of beta-interferon together with chemoradiotherapy. Five of the cases were recurrent gliomas. Seven of the 11 fresh cases were treated with beta-interferon, more than two months after cessation of the radiotherapy. Of the 16 cases, 12 cases showed partial regression of tumors, or no regrowth of tumors on CT scan, 2 cases showed no improvement, and 2 cases were unevaluable due to the short follow-up periods. IFN-beta is often administered, in combination with antineoplastic agents and radiotherapy, to patients with malignant glioma. Some patients have shown sufficient suppression of the growth of the malignant glioma only through administration of IFN-beta 1 x 10(6) IU once or twice a week. Some patients, however, have developed severe bone marrow suppression due to the combination therapy of IFN-beta and antineoplastic agents. Therefore, the blood of patients should be tested twice a week, and the data should be analyzed within the same day to determine the subsequent treatment. IFN-beta administration should be stopped if the platelet count drops below 1.0 x 10(5)/mm3 or half of the initial figure, and the course of disease of the patient should be carefully observed.
Adult↗