Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Kesteloot

Publications and source records attributed to H Kesteloot.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Serum LP(a) levels in African aboriginal Pygmies and Bantus, compared with Caucasian and Asian population samples.

Serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and its correlates were studied in African Aboriginal Pygmies (n = 146) and Bantus (n = 208) from Cameroon. Geometric mean Lp(a) levels were 274 and 289 mg/l in Bantu males and females, respectively, and 220 and 299 mg/l in Pygmy males and females, the gender difference being significant in Pygmies (p = 0.024). In Pygmies 41% and 52% of the males and females, respectively, had Lp(a) levels above 300 mg/l, compared with 47% and 55% in Bantus. Overall, Lp(a) levels did not significantly differ between Pygmies and Bantus, and did not correlate with age, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Compared with healthy Asian and Caucasian population samples, age- and BMI-adjusted geometric Lp(a) means were 2.3- to 5.0-fold higher in Pygmy and Bantu males, and 2.9- to 3.6-fold higher in Pygmy and Bantu females (p < or = 0.05). Across the population samples studied ethnicity predicted 12% and 17% of serum Lp(a) variance in males and females, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Time course of serum lipids and apolipoproteins after acute myocardial infarction: modification by pravastatin.

Pravastatin was administered to patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction starting with a dose of 10 mg/day at day 3 and continuing with a dose of 20 mg/day up to a period of 3 months. The study was performed on the basis of a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. At the dosage used pravastatin significantly lowered the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and increased the HDL-cholesterol levels compared to placebo. A prospective clinical trial in order to examine the possible clinical relevance of these findings is recommended.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Inverse relation of dietary protein markers with blood pressure. Findings for 10,020 men and women in the INTERSALT Study. INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. INTERnational study of SALT and blood pressure.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess relations to blood pressure (BP) in individuals of markers of dietary protein in their 24-hour urine collections. METHODS AND RESULTS: INTERSALT (INTERnational study of SALT and blood pressure) was a cross-sectional study of 10020 men and women aged 20 to 59 years in 52 population-based samples in 32 countries worldwide, with quality-controlled standardized procedures and assessment of multiple possible confounders. Three measurements of dietary protein in 24-hour urine of each individual participant were studied: total nitrogen and urea as indexes of total protein intake, and sulfate as an index of sulfur-containing dietary amino acids. Repeat examination was performed in a random 8% of participants to assess reliability and to correct for regression-dilution bias. Significant independent inverse relationships were found between BP (systolic and diastolic) and both 24-hour urinary total nitrogen and urea nitrogen, with adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, body mass, and 24-hour urinary sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. With adjustment for regression-dilution bias, it was estimated that systolic and diastolic BP were on average 3.0 and 2.5 mm Hg lower, respectively, for persons with dietary total protein intake 30% above the overall mean than for those whose dietary protein intake was 30% below the overall mean (12.94 versus 6.96 g/d urinary total nitrogen, equivalent to 81 versus 44 g/d dietary protein, respectively). For the association of these markers with diastolic BP, results were similar for younger (20- to 39-year-old) and older (40- to 59-year-old) persons and for women and men. For their relation to systolic BP, regression coefficients were larger both for those aged 40 to 59 years than for those aged 20 to 39 years and for women than for men. Nonsignificant inverse relations were recorded for urinary sulfate and BP. CONCLUSIONS: These INTERSALT findings lend support to the hypothesis that higher dietary protein intake has favorable influences on BP.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intersalt revisited: further analyses of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group.

OBJECTIVES: To assess further the relation in Intersalt of 24 hour urinary sodium to blood pressure of individuals and populations, and the difference in blood pressure from young adulthood into middle age. DESIGN: Standardised cross sectional study within and across populations. SETTING: 52 population samples in 32 countries. SUBJECTS: 10,074 men and women aged 20-59. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Association of sodium and blood pressure from within population and cross population multiple linear regression analyses with multivariate correction for regression dilution bias. Relation of sample median daily urinary sodium excretion to difference in blood pressure with age. RESULTS: In within population analyses (n = 10,074), individual 24 hour urinary sodium excretion higher by 100 mmol (for example, 170 v 70 mmol) was associated with systolic/diastolic blood pressure higher on average by 3/0 to 6/3 mm Hg (with and without body mass in analyses). Associations were larger at ages 40-59. In cross population analyses (n = 52), sample median 24 hour sodium excretion higher by 100 mmol was associated with median systolic/diastolic pressure higher on average by 5-7/2-4 mm Hg, and estimated mean difference in systolic/diastolic pressure at age 55 compared with age 25 greater by 10-11/6 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The strong, positive association of urinary sodium with systolic pressure of individuals concurs with Intersalt cross population findings and results of other studies. Higher urinary sodium is also associated with substantially greater differences in blood pressure in middle age compared with young adulthood. These results support recommendations for reduction of high salt intake in populations for prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group.

BACKGROUND: High salt and nitrate intake are considered as risk factors for stomach cancer, but little is known about possible interactions. This ecological study examines the respective importance of both factors for stomach cancer mortality at the population level using data obtained under standardized conditions and with biochemical analyses performed in the same laboratories. METHODS: Randomly selected 24-hour urine samples from 39 populations, sampled from 24 countries (N = 5756 people for sodium, 3303 for nitrate) were obtained from the INTERSALT study. Median sodium and nitrate levels were age- and sex-standardized between ages 20-49 years and averaged per country. Ecological correlation-regression analyses were done in relation to national stomach cancer mortality rates. RESULTS: The Pearson correlation of stomach cancer mortality with sodium for the 24 countries was: 0.70 in men and 0.74 in women (both P < 0.001) and with nitrate: 0.63 (P = 0.001) in men and (P < 0.005) in women. In multiple regression of stomach cancer mortality, using sodium and nitrate as independent variables the adjusted R2 was 0.61 in men and 0.54 in women (both P < 0.001). Addition of the interaction term (sodium x nitrate) to the previous model increased the adjusted R2 to 0.77 in men, and to 0.63 in women. The analysis of this model showed that the importance of nitrate as risk factor for stomach cancer mortality increased markedly with higher sodium levels. However, the relationship of stomach cancer mortality with sodium was always stronger than with nitrate. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake, measured as 24-hour urine sodium excretion, is likely the rate-limiting factor of stomach cancer mortality at the population level.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Twenty-four hour urinary nitrate excretion in 48 populations from 30 countries: an ECP-INTERSALT collaborative study.

BACKGROUND: There is considerable interest in the possible role of nitrate in gastric carcinogenesis, but little information on nitrate intake around the world. This is the first study to give comprehensive standardised data on nitrate excretion as a marker of intake, using 48 worldwide population samples. METHODS: Urinary nitrate excretion has been shown to be a valid measure of nitrate intake in people under 50. This report presents data on 24-hour urinary nitrate excretion from urine collections obtained in the INTERSALT study, based on random samples of men and women aged 20-49 from each of 48 population samples in 30 countries. RESULTS: There was large variation in urinary nitrate excretion both within and between samples; within-sample (individual) distributions tended to be skewed towards higher values. Median values of the samples ranged from 0.42 mmol/day (Labrador, Canada) to 3.52 (Beijing, People's Republic of China) in men and 0.44 mmol/day (Colombia) to 3.44 (Beijing) in women. Overall, median values were higher in men than women by 11% on average (higher in men in 37 of 48 population samples). Comparison by geographical region of median values for men and women combined showed relatively low values in the samples in North America and Northern Europe (range 0.46-0.88 mmol/day), slightly higher values in Western Europe and Africa (0.68-1.11), and intermediate to high values in Southern Europe, Eastern and Central Europe and India (0.86-2.47). The highest median values were found in the Far Eastern samples (up to 3.48). Median values in the Central and South American samples ranged from 0.48 mmol/day (Colombia) to 1.37 (Xingu Indians of Brazil, and Argentina). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, these data give standardized information on urinary nitrate excretion from different geographical regions of the world, and provide a basis for the further exploration of the role of nitrate in the aetiology of disease in human populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A survey of blood pressure distribution in Pygmy and Bantu populations in Cameroon.

A blood pressure survey was performed in isolated Pygmy communities and Bantu population samples living either in close relationship with the Pygmies or in separate areas within the same region. The Pygmies are still living as hunter-gatherers, whereas the Bantus rely on agriculture for food provision. Mean blood pressures in Pygmies were 130/85 mm Hg in males and 126/80 mm Hg in females and in Bantus were 137/87 mm Hg in males and 136/84 mm Hg in females. In spot urine the mean urinary sodium concentration was higher in Bantus than Pygmies (86 versus 37 mmol/L in males; 95 versus 56 mmol/L in females). In the total population urinary potassium concentration was very high (150 mmol/L), calcium concentration very low (0.4 mmol/L), and urea concentration low (6.9 g/L). After adjustment for age, height, weight, and sex, no racial differences in blood pressure were present. Blood pressure increased with age but body mass index did not. Diastolic pressure correlated significantly but negatively with urinary sodium in multiple regression analysis. Our study demonstrates that blood pressure increases with age in hunter-gatherer populations on a low to moderately high sodium diet in the presence of a low urinary excretion of calcium coupled with a low protein intake.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Mortality trends in Belgium and The Netherlands. Closing the gap.

Mean life expectancy at birth (1967-1992) increased for both sexes combined with 5.6 years in Belgium and 3.6 years in The Netherlands. Age adjusted mortality from all causes and cardiovascular diseases has been followed up from 1968 onwards to 1989 in Belgium and The Netherlands and in Flanders and Wallonia from 1971 to 1989 for each sex and two age classes, 45-74 y and 75-85 + y. Flanders and Wallonia were selected because of differences in mortality and life-style. Total mortality decreased faster in Belgium, especially in the period 1980-89, for almost all comparisons in each sex and age class and for most cardiovascular diseases. A comparison of mortality trends in the period 1980-89 among 35 countries worldwide showed a better performance in Belgium than in The Netherlands for 10 different causes of death. The mortality gap between both countries is closing, especially between The Netherlands and Flanders. The decreasing slope in mortality from all causes is explained mostly by the change in cardiovascular mortality. Medical treatment and care, which are not better in Belgium, do not explain the differences in mortality trends Observed changes in life-style, including saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake, smoking habits and salt intake are consistent with the observed mortality changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

On the determinants of the creatinine clearance: a population study.

The objective of this study was to define the normal urinary creatinine clearance and its determinants. The creatinine clearance was measured in both sexes in a large random Belgian population sample (BIRNH: Belgian interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health) by measuring serum creatinine and the 24 h urinary creatinine excretion. At a mean age of 50.8 years in 2,075 men and 50.1 years in 1,933 women the mean creatinine clearance was 101 +/- 30.5 and 86.9 +/- 25.8 ml/min respectively. In multiple regression analysis the creatinine clearance in both sexes correlated negatively with age and positively with weight and 24 h urinary sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium (all P < 0.0001). Total R2 was 0.40 in men and 0.35 in women. After adjustment for age, height and weight no significant relationship exists between the 24 h urinary creatinine clearance and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Serum creatinine increased with age, more so in women, and was at all ages higher in men compared to women. The creatinine clearance decreased with age in both sexes. Our study demonstrates the existence of highly significant associations between urinary cations and the creatinine clearance, independent of total caloric intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nutrition and ageing at the population level.

There are important differences in the expectation of life between countries where infectious diseases were for the greater part eradicated and other countries. Whereas in Japan one man in the age class of 55 to 64 years dies, about three men of the same age die in Hungary and 3,7 men in the Russian Federation. The death rate is significantly lower in all countries for women than for men. A highly significant linear relation exists between the log mortality owing to all causes and age. The slope of this equation is considered as the expression of the ageing of a population, to which it is inversely proportional. This is explained by the fact that the human race possesses a maximal age that differs very little from one country to another. This can be proved mathematically. Significant relations exist as well between the slope as between the intercept of the equation of log mortality from all causes and of age, due to the consumption of saturated fat (the latter increases the mortality) or the proportions in the consumption of polyunsaturated and of saturated fat by different populations (P/S and U/S ratio's). There is also a very significant correlation between log total mortality for cancer and log age. After adjusting the intake of saturated fat, the differences of cancer-mortality between the countries are no longer significant in men and the significance decreases strongly in women. Our conclusion is that food is the most important determinant of life expectancy between and within the populations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Forty years of evolution of mortality in Belgium and The Netherlands.

Age adjusted mortality in Belgium (B) and The Netherlands (NL) was calculated from 5 yearly age-specific death rates between the ages 45-74 and 75-85+ years. Mortality was available in Belgium from 1954 to 1991 or 1994 (depending on the cause of death) and from 1950 to 1993 in The Netherlands. In the 45-74 years age class all-cause mortality decreased in B between 1955 and 1992 with 33% in men and 48% in women. In NL this was 11% and 40%, respectively. In the age class 75-85+ it was 21% and 37% in B, and 4% and 36% in NL, respectively. Since 1980 to the last available year there was a marked decrease in mortality in the age class 75-85+ years in men and women from B and no change in NL. Wallonia always had the highest mortality, followed by B, Flanders and NL. However, recently the observed mortality in Flanders was the lowest. Mortality trends, in both age classes and sexes, were obtained between 1980 to the last available year for 11 causes of death in men and 13 in women. Among 48 possible comparisons, 38 (79%) were in favor of B, 9 in favor of NL and 1 ex aequo. Life expectancy in 1992 was compared in the 15 EU countries. For both sexes together B ranked 8th, NL 3rd. The difference in life expectancy between the two countries was 3 year in 1967 and 1 year in 1992. Flanders ranked 5th (0.3 year lower than NL) and Wallonia 14th (2.2 years lower) when substituted for B in the EU. Portugal had the best and Denmark had the worst results between 1967 and 1992). Changes in life style-fat, salt, fruit and vegetable intake and smoking habits -which occurred since 1960 in B, its regions and in NI are consistent with the changes in mortality and life expectancy. Curative medicine and medical technology cannot explain the observed differences and trends.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nutrition, latitude, and multiple sclerosis mortality: an ecologic study.

An epidemiologic study has been performed on the relation between the mortality rates from multiple sclerosis for the period 1983-1989 obtained for 36 countries, dietary fat, and latitude. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, saturated fatty acids, animal fat, animal minus fish fat, and latitude correlated independently and positively with multiple sclerosis mortality (p < 0.01-0.001 for fat consumption, and p < 0.05-0.01 for latitude). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (P/S ratio) and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids) to saturated fatty acids (U/S ratio) correlated independently and negatively with multiple sclerosis mortality (p < 0.05-0.001). These findings support the hypothesis linking dietary fat intake and latitude to multiple sclerosis mortality.

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1995

Pubertal serum lipoprotein (a) and its correlates in Belgian schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Serum lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for premature coronary artery disease in Caucasians. Generally Lp(a) serum levels remain fairly constant throughout an individual's life, but are presumably modulated by sex hormones. This study documents the distribution and correlates of serum Lp(a) during sexual maturation in Belgian children. A comparison with Lp(a) levels in Belgian adults is made. METHODS: Serum Lp(a), lipid and apolipoprotein A-I and B levels were determined cross-sectionally in 266 Belgian schoolchildren and adolescents in relation to sexual maturation, anthropometrics and socioeconomic status. Sexual maturity was scored according to Tanner's classification. RESULTS: Median Lp(a) levels were 82, 117, 110, 100 and 73 mg/l at the five subsequent genital development stages in boys (ANOVA, P = 0.816), and 73, 78, 204, 110 and 114 mg/l at the five breast development stages in girls (ANOVA, P = 0.087). The Lp(a) distributions in boys and girls were skewed to the right, overall medians being 82 and 94 mg/ml (P = 0.2537). The 90th and 95th percentiles were 515 and 712 mg/l respectively. The geometric Lp(a) mean in children was significantly higher compared to that in 683 sex-matched Belgian adults (89 mg/l versus 69 mg/l, P = 0.006). Multiple linear regression pointed out that developmental age, chronological age, body mass index and/or systolic blood pressure predicted serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels, but none of the Lp(a) variance. CONCLUSION: Pubertal stage was not correlated with Lp(a) levels in Belgian schoolchildren, supporting the contention that serum Lp(a) is predominantly genetically controlled.

Adolescent↗