Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawamura.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

MCI-225, a novel thienopyrimidine analog, enhances attentional eye tracking in midpontine pretrigeminal preparation.

The effects of MCI-225, a novel psychoactive compound, and reference drugs on attention behavior were studied using visual stimulus induced vertical eye tracking movements in midpontine pretrigeminal (PTG) feline preparation. Surgery was performed under ether anesthesia and subsequently switched to nitrous oxide-fluothane which was discontinued only during experimental sessions. In addition xylocaine was locally injected. Vertical eye movements were monitored by electrooculogram (EOG) and a TV camera. To compare the effects of drugs on eye movement, numbers of spontaneous and tracking eye movements exceeding a present amplitude in EOG were counted before and during the visual stimulation, respectively. MCI-225 (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.v.) enhanced tracking movements dose-dependently without an increase in spontaneous eye movements. No or little change of the electrocorticogram (ECoG) was seen with 1 mg/kg MCI-225 and a slight increase in low voltage fast pattern was observed with 3 mg/kg, i.v.. On the other hand, tacrine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.), physostigmine (0.03 mg/kg, i.v.) and methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) enhanced both types of eye movement and induced ECoG arousal. Desipramine (3 mg/kg, i.v.) slightly increased spontaneous eye movement without affecting tracking movements. Piracetam (100 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased spontaneous eye movements only. These data clearly show that MCI-225 enhances attention to a moving object and suggest that MCI-225 could be useful in the treatment of attentional deficits and related cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The natural course of anterior disc displacement without reduction in the temporomandibular joint: follow-up at 6, 12, and 18 months.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the natural course of anterior disc displacement without reduction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were patients who had been diagnosed as having anterior disc displacement without reduction in the TMJ, but who had not undergone any treatment. Forty-four patients were followed for 6 months, 38 for 12 months, and 22 for 18 months. Clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated at each follow-up, and the incidence of successful resolution was determined using the criteria established in 1984 by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. RESULTS: The range of motion increased at each time during the follow-up period. Tenderness in the TMJ and the masticatory muscles was alleviated, but the noise in the TMJ remained unchanged at each follow-up time. The incidence of successful resolution was 34.1% at 6 months, 50.0% at 12 months, and 68.2% at 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical signs and symptoms of anterior disc displacement without reduction tend to be alleviated during the natural course of the condition. This should be taken into consideration when anterior disc displacement without reduction is treated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The usefulness of the ATP assay with serum-free culture for chemosensitivity testing of gastrointestinal cancer.

In order to predict a patient's response to a drug prior to chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer, we developed an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay with serum-free culture (SF-ATPA) which enables fibroblast overgrowth to be suppressed. A total of 244 gastrointestinal cancer tissue samples were obtained from surgical resection. After enzymatic digestion, cells (2 x 10(4)/well) were cultured for 72 h with continuous exposure to drugs (single or combined use), and cell viability was evaluated by measuring the intracellular ATP level. 208 of 244 samples (85%) were considered to be evaluable in terms of drug response. There were no differences in the evaluability rates among the tumour types. A drug was judged as active using the criterion of < or = 50% reduction of the intracellular ATP level in a single-agent treated group compared with the level of the control. Similarly, in the combined drug treated group, drugs were considered as active using two different criteria (< or = 30% reduction of the intracellular ATP level for two drugs and < or = 20% for three drugs). Each tumour type had its own spectrum for chemosensitivity. Of 25 patients evaluated for assay-clinical correlations, 16 were examined by both single-agent and combined drug administration and the predictive accuracy of the assay was higher for the combined drug than for the single agent (88% versus 69%, respectively). In 25 patients, the true positive rate was 64% and the true negative rate was 100%, yielding an overall predictive accuracy of 84%. These results suggest that SF-ATPA may be useful for predicting drug response in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Effect of lavage with injection of sodium hyaluronate for patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether lavaging of the superior joint space with injection of sodium hyaluronate can be used as an alternative treatment method for nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint. STUDY DESIGN: In 26 patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint, the superior joint space was rinsed with 1% xylocaine, and then sodium hyaluronate was injected there (experimental group). As a control group, 50 patients with nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint who received no treatment were used (control group). The frequency of the patients with successful clinical resolution was evaluated in each group during 6 months. RESULTS: The frequency of the patients with successful clinical resolution in the experimental group (73.1%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (36.0%) at the 6-month follow-up (chi-squared test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This therapy appears to represent an alternative treatment method for nonreducing disk displacement of the temporomandibular joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Extravesical tumor implantation caused by perforation during transurethral resection of a bladder tumor: a case report.

We report a case of invasive bladder cancer in which cancer dissemination occurred through a perforation of the vesical wall during transurethral resection of the tumor. A radical cystectomy was performed 1 month later and several clusters of viable cancer cells were histologically identified in a fibrous foreign body granuloma in the paravesicular adipose tissue of the lymphadenectomy specimen. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy, but developed right inguinal lymph node metastasis 21 months after cystectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Morphological and flow cytofluorometrical analyses of regenerated rat thymus after irradiation.

Reconstituted rat thymuses were studied by immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytofluorometry on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after whole-body sublethal irradiation (6 Gy). One day after irradiation, numerous apoptotic cells were seen in the cortical thymus; the percentage of the sub-G1 peak representing apoptotic cells was 8.9% in the DNA content histogram of cytofluorometry. On day 3, the thymic structure had been destroyed and no distinction was drawn between the cortex and medulla. In this stage, few thymocytes but many macrophages were present, and the percentage of the sub-G1 peak reached a peak at 13.0%. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated cells gradually increased after irradiation, and immunohistochemically numerous apoptotic cells were found primarily in the cortex on day 7. These thymocytes showed some levels of electron density of the nucleus as revealed by TEM. The percentage of S phase cells did not change markedly (20-30%) based on one-color DNA content histograms, but the percentage of early S and S phase cells was extremely high on day 7 (70%). These data indicate that a part of DNA synthetic cells may result in apoptosis. The combination of immunohistochemistry, TEM and flow cytofluorometry to analyze DNA content and BrdU incorporation proved a useful tool for investigating the reconstituted thymus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Metastatic tumor to the penis from lung and pancreas cancer: report of two cases].

Neoplasms metastasizing to the penis are uncommon, and occur at the end stage of carcinoma. We describe two patients with a metastatic lesion to the penis from lung squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We reviewed 101 cases with secondary penile tumor. The prognosis of secondary penile tumor is extremely poor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical statistics on in-patients and operations during a 20-year period (1975-1994) at Department of Urology, Kansai Medical University].

The patients, diseases and operations experienced between 1975 and 1994 in our department were statistically analyzed. The numbers of in-patients and operations have been increasing since 1977. During these 20 years, endoscopic surgery has replaced many open surgical procedures. The introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has dramatically changed the therapeutic modality for urolithiasis, and decreased of the necessity of open surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Is patellar height really lower after high tibial osteotomy?

It has been reported that patellar position becomes lower after the high tibial osteotomy. However, the most commonly used methods for determining patellar height, namely, the Insall-Salvati and Blackburne-Peel methods, use a reference point on the tibia. Therefore, when a surgery is performed on the proximal tibia, the point of reference itself shifts, which may generate spurious values indicating a change when nothing has occurred. We developed a new method for measuring the change in patellar height in relation to the femur under the condition that the patella articulates with the femur, and not with the tibia. Contrary to published reports, we found that the patella height is unchanged or moves slightly proximal in relation to the femur following high tibial osteotomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[Quantitative evaluation of response at acetazolamide test using 99mTc-ECD SPECT; a trial of production of the response map].

In the method by Matsuda and Takeuchi et al. for easy regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements at pre- and post-acetazolamide tests using 99mTc-ECD, a study was done for producing the increase rate of rCBF as a response map after acetazolamide administration. To prepare the response map calculated from the arithmetic operation of [(rCBF image at administration--rCBF image at rest)/rCBF image at rest x 100], the images were preprocessed by combination of matrix size conversion and smoothing techniques and then areas outside the brain were masked to remove amplified noises. The response map seemed helpful for visual evaluation of the response after acetazolamide administration, and also for understanding the disease conditions and clinical courses.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1997

[Objective evaluation of selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis].

The authors evaluated the results of selective peripheral denervation (SPD) of posterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves and/or the accessory nerve for spasmodic torticollis. Five patients underwent seven operations in total and the results were evaluated with the modified Tsui's score which was used in the clinical trial of botulinum toxin (BTX) for torticollis in Japan. The preoperative score was 10.8 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.D.) and the postoperative score was 1.4 +/- 1.7. The score changes indicated the effects of the operation as "excellent" in four cases and "good" in one case. These results indicate that SPD is superior to BTX in terms of control of symptoms in spasmodic torticollis. After the initial operation, however, two patients showed the so-called "mole-hitting game phenomenon" in which normal muscles develop abnormal contraction after denervation of abnormal muscles. This forced us to perform the second operations. Although this phenomenon was first described in botulinum toxin treatment, this is probably the first report in surgically denervated cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Comparison of side effects caused by intra-arterial and intravenous infusion of M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin and cisplatin) for urothelial cancer].

We retrospectively studied the toxic effects in 14 patients with urothelial cancer who had undergone intra-arterial M-VAC chemotherapy (Group A) and 13 patients who had received intravenous M-VAC chemotherapy (Group V) between February 1991 and August 1995. No statistically significant differences were found in the white blood cell count nadir, liver function, renal function or appetite between the groups. While the platelet count nadir for intra-arterial infusion (14.0 x 10(4)/mm3) was larger than for intravenous infusion (9.0 x 10(4)), the median days to nadir for this count was shorter in the intra-arterial group (9.1 days) than in the intravenous group (13.5). In addition, the difference between the beginning hemoglobin level and the nadir level was larger in the intra-arterial infusion group (2.55 g/dl) than in the intravenous infusion group (1.95 g/dl). Additionally peculiar side effects were noted in the intra-arterial infusion group which included local erythema and nerve paralysis. Side effects should be managed for intra-arterial M-VAC as well as for intravenous infusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The natural course of nonreducing disc displacement of the TMJ: relationship of clinical findings at initial visit to outcome after 12 months without treatment.

The natural course of untreated nonreducing disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint was evaluated in 52 patients (total of 57 affected temporomandibular joints). The association between the clinical findings at the initial visit and the outcome at 12 months for the age, range of motion for maximum mouth opening, intercuspal-occlusal relationship, morphology of the mandibular fossa and the articular eminence, and the locking duration was evaluated. Good resolution was seen in 59.6% of the patients. The patients with good resolution were significantly younger than those with poor resolution (P < .05, two-tailed t test); however, there were no differences in any other factors between the patients with good resolution and those with poor resolution. Natural resolution of clinical signs and symptoms was suggested for the majority of patients with nonreducing disc displacement of the TMJ, and a younger age at the initial visit appears to be a positive factor in the prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Lipoprotein abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients. Increased distribution of triglycerides (TG) in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and decreased apolipoprotein E/VLDL-TG ratio are risk for ischemic heart disease.

Plasma lipoproteins and clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 108) ischemic heart disease (IHD) were compared. The patients with IHD were older (64 +/- 9 vs 59 +/- 9 years, mean +/- SD, p < 0.01) and had a longer duration of diabetes (14 +/- 9 vs 11 +/- 8 years, p < 0.05). Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were comparable in the two groups. The percent distribution of triglycerides (TG) in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction was significantly higher (55 +/- 16 vs 50 +/- 17%, p < 0.05). The level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) (33 +/- 14 vs 39 +/- 15%, p < 0.05) and the apo E/VLDL-TG ratio (0.085 +/- 0.045 vs 0.120 +/- 0.097, p < 0.01), however, was significantly lower in patients with IHD than in those without IHD. Multiple regression analysis also indicated that age, duration of diabetes, percent distribution of TG in VLDL, percent distribution of TG in LDL and the apo E/VLDL-TG ratio were significantly related to the presence of IHD. Hypertriglyceridemia, particularly when characterized by abnormalities of TG distribution, may play an important role in the development of IHD in type 2 diabetic patients.

Aged↗