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Biomedical subjects

H Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to H Kawamura.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Analysis of v-Ha-ras and v-fos oncogene transduction into a mouse epidermal cell line with "initiated" phenotype in culture but normal skin phenotype in vivo.

Cell line SCR722 was derived from adult SENCAR mouse epidermal cells initiated in culture by treatment with the carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and selection for foci proliferating in medium with calcium levels that induce terminal differentiation in normal cells. Expansion of one of these foci and two additional cell clonings produced cell line SCR722, which was near-tetraploid and formed normal skin when grafted to athymic nude mouse hosts. However, unlike normal keratinocytes, SCR722 cells fail to suppress papilloma formation when grafted along with papilloma cell line SP-1. For optimum growth in culture, SCR722 cells required fibroblast-conditioned medium and 0.5 mM Ca2+. SCR722 cells had a wild-type c-Ha-ras gene but had lost their requirement for conditioned medium in culture and produced dysplastic papillomas in grafts when transduced with the v-Ha-ras gene. SCR722 cells stably expressing the v-fos gene produced normal epidermis in grafts, but when these cells were transduced with the v-Ha-ras gene, they produced carcinomas. Clones with greater expression of the transfected v-fos gene had a more invasive phenotype in vivo. These results indicate that carcinogen treatment of epithelial cells can result in an altered but nontumorigenic phenotype that may be at risk for becoming a more advanced neoplastic state with additional genetic alterations.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A new approach to the control of central deafferentation pain--spinal intrathecal baclofen.

We investigated the short-term effects of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen on central pain due to stroke or spinal cord injury. Pain relief was obtained in 64% of the patients. The effects developed 1-2 hours after the injection and continued for 10-24 hours. Both spinal segmental and supraspinal mechanisms may be involved in the production of baclofen-analgesia.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1995

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in obese subjects: a minimal model analysis.

The aim of the present study was to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in 14 obese subjects who were further divided into two groups: one with normal glucose tolerance and the other with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Glucose tolerance was determined by criteria of the World Health Organization. All subjects were Japanese. They underwent a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test: glucose (300 mg/kg body weight) was administered, and insulin (20 mU/kg body weight given over 5 minutes) was infused from 20 to 25 minutes after administration of glucose. SI and glucose effectiveness at basal insulin (SG) were estimated by Bergman's minimal model method. Body mass index (33.0 +/- 1.8 v 30.9 +/- 1.5 kg/m2, P > .05) and fasting insulin level (127.9 +/- 30.0 v 107.4 +/- 14.4 pmol/L, P > .05) were higher in obese IGT subjects than in normal obese subjects, but were not statistically significant. With regard to fasting glucose level, obese subjects with IGT (5.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/L) had significantly higher levels than those with normal glucose tolerance (5.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, P < .01). There was no significant difference in SI between the two groups (0.53 +/- 0.10 v 0.56 +/- 0.13 x 10(-4).min-1.pmol/L-1, P > .05). Pancreatic insulin secretion expressed as the integrated area of plasma insulin above the basal level during the first 19 minutes was significantly lower in obese subjects with IGT (3,366 +/- 1,495 pmol/L.min) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (16,400 +/- 4,509 pmol/L.min, P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Management of nonreducing temporomandibular joint disk displacement. Evaluation of three treatments.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the responses of patients with anterior disk displacement without reduction to natural course, stabilization splint, and surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-one patients refused any treatment (natural course group), 20 patients were treated with a stabilization splint (stabilization splint group), and 24 patients who had not responded to nonsurgical treatment for a mean period of 19.0 months underwent surgery (surgical group). The success rate was evaluated in each of the three groups. RESULTS: The success rate was 41.9% in the natural course group, 55.0% in the stabilization splint group, and 76.9% in the surgical group. CONCLUSIONS: No statistically significant benefit from treatment with a stabilization splint over no treatment was identified although both groups of patients experienced alleviation of discomfort. The patients who had not responded to nonsurgical treatment for a mean period of .19 months benefited from surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effect of oral administration of a pectic polysaccharide fraction from a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine "juzen-taiho-to" on antibody response of mice.

A dried decoction of a kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine, Juzen-Taiho-To (TJ-48), has been fractionated into five fractions and tested for their effects on antibody response of mice. An intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of TJ-48 stimulated anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody response of normal Balb/c mice, but only the polysaccharide fraction (F-5, 300 mg/kg) enhanced the antibody response among the fractions from TJ-48. When F-5 (0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/day) was orally administered to normal Balb/c mice (7-weeks-old) from 7 days before to 4 days after immunization with SRBC, the number of anti-SRBC-IgM-PFC in spleen and the titer of anti-SRBC-IgM in plasma were increased significantly. However, a lower dose (0.1 g/kg/day) of F-5 did not show a significant stimulative activity on the anti-SRBC-response. Although aged Balb/c mice (6-months-old) produced a lower level of anti-SRBC-IgG in comparison with young Balb/c mice (8-weeks-old), the anti-SRBC-IgG response of the aged mice was stimulated significantly when F-5 (0.13 g/kg/day) or TJ-48 (1.0 g/kg/day) was orally administered to the aged mice from 6 days before immunization. Intraperitoneal injections of i-carrageenan (2.5 mg/kg/day) at 3 and 1 days before the immunization with SRBC increased the level of anti-SRBC antibody response compared with normal mice. Oral administrations of TJ-48 (1.0 g/kg/day) or F-5 (0.5 g/kg/day) to the i-carageenan-treated mice reduced the level of the anti-SRBC-antibody response near to that of normal mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

A case of paroxysmal tonic upward gaze associated with psychomotor retardation.

The authors report a female with paroxysmal tonic upward gaze similar to the cases reported by Ouvrier and Billson (1988). She developed abnormal eye-movements at the age of six months. Several anticonvulsants and levodopa were not effective in the control of the episodes; however, her upward eye-deviations spontaneously decreased during the one-year observation. Her clinical features were almost identical to those reported by Ouvrier and Billson, except that she had neurodevelopmental disorder and abnormal brain MRI. More data are required to clarify this unique phenomenon.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1995

A new approach to control central deafferentation pain: spinal intrathecal baclofen.

Baclofen, an agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, has antinociceptive effects, and its intrathecal administration reduces allodynic responses in animal models of neurogenic central pain. Such experimental studies lead to the hypothesis that neurogenic pain may be induced in part by functional abnormalities in spinal GABAergic systems. However, whether a GABAergic system is actually involved in human central pain is unknown. The authors investigated the effect of an intrathecal bolus injection of baclofen in 14 patients with central pain due to a stroke or spinal cord injury. Nine reported substantial pain relief they had never experienced previously. The effect appeared 1-2 h after the injection and persisted for 10-24 h. Allodynia and hyperalgesia, if present, were relieved as well. Pinprick and light touch sensations did not change in nonaffected regions. The results indicate that dysfunction of spinal GABAergic systems plays a role in the clinical expression of central pain. In clinical situations, continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen seems feasible for relief of central pain.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical efficacy of the Porges Urospiral, a reversible intraprostatic spiral stent, in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy].

The Porges Urospiral, a urethral spiral stent made of stainless steel wire, is designed for patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the stent, a prospective uncontrolled study was performed on 60 patients who complained of urinary retention (48 patients) or severe dysuria (12 patients) due to prostatic hypertrophy. Four patients had neurogenic disorders resulting in bladder dysfunction. The average age of the patients was 77.4 years old, ranging from 61 to 91 years old. In 48 patients, the stent was used instead of transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P) because of the patients poor general conditions, while in 12 patients the stent was transiently used until TUR-P. Subjective symptoms, according to an original scoring system, and objective signs, uroflowmetry measurements and residual urine volume, before and 3 months after stent insertion were compared. The stent was indwelt for more than 3 months in 40 of the 57 patients in whom the stent could be inserted. Out of 37 evaluable patients, subjective symptoms improved in all the patients and objective symptoms improved in 26 patients (70.3%). Complications included urinary incontinence, urination pain, urethral pain, gross hematuria or migration of the stent. Although these complications disappeared in a few days after the insertion of the stent in a majority of the patients, the stent was removed in 17 patients due to complications within 3 months after insertion. The overall clinical efficacy of this stent was 56% in 50 evaluable patients who had no neurogenic disorders.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Acquired protein C dysfunction but not decreased activity of thrombomodulin is a possible marker of thrombophilia in patients with lupus anticoagulant.

Lupus anticoagulants (LAs) are acquired antiphospholipid antibodies, and the occurrence of LA is associated with an increased risk of developing thrombosis. In a population of 46 patients with LA with or without LA-associated thrombophilia, it was analyzed whether the concentration of LA could be correlated to the individual thrombotic risk in patients with LA. No significant difference was found in the concentrations of LA measured by routinely used functional and immunologic assays in patients with LA with thrombophilia when compared with patients with LA without thrombophilia. Inhibition of thrombomodulin (TM) activity by LA has been postulated to be one of the major pathogenic mechanisms causing thrombophilia in LA. Therefore the inhibition of endothelial cell-dependent TM activity by LA was analyzed by using a protein C (PC) activation assay. Reduced rates of PC activation were found in only 2 out of the 46 cases, ruling out that inhibition of TM activity is a common phenomenon in patients with LA. However, anionic phospholipids are necessary to ascertain the anticoagulant activity of activated PC (APC). To prove the hypothesis that the anticoagulant activity of APC is inhibited by LA, the anticoagulant response of purified APC added to LA-containing plasma was measured through the amount of factor VIII inactivation. Thirteen out of 14 patients with recurrent thrombotic events and 10 out of 19 patients with one single episode of thrombosis showed an APC response outside the mean--2 SD range of normal human controls. In contrast, among 13 patients with LA without symptoms, only one showed an abnormal APC response. From these data it is concluded that LA inhibits the APC anticoagulant activity and that this type of acquired APC dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of LA-associated thrombophilia. Moreover, the APC anticoagulant response assay may prove to be a useful marker to identify patients with LA with a high thrombotic risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of renal capsular liposarcoma].

A 53-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at our hospital with the primary complaint of pyrexia. Abdominal echography and computed tomography (CT) detected a right renal tumor, and the patient was transferred to our department. Angiography revealed a hypovascular tumor. The main nutrient vessels supplying the tumor were the superior and inferior capsular arteries, which arose from the renal artery. A right renal capsular tumor was suspected from these findings, and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed a pleomorphic liposarcoma. Therefore, the patient was given 50 Gy of radiation postoperatively. This is the 14th case of a primary liposarcoma of the renal capsule reported in Japan.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Surgical-orthodontic treatment in Class II, division 2, malocclusion: a case report involving pretreatment and posttreatment evaluation of temporomandibular dysfunction.

The case of a patient who had a significant Class II, division 2, malocclusion and experienced myofascial pain dysfunction is presented. The patient was a 22-year-old Japanese woman who complained of pain and fatigue in her masticatory muscles. During presurgical orthodontic treatment, a one-tooth osteotomy was utilized to correct the lingual inclination of an ankylosed maxillary central incisor. The surgery consisted of intrusion of the anterior segment of the maxilla, intrusion of the anterior segment of the mandible, mandibular advancement by sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and trimming of the gonial angles. Postoperatively, her facial appearance and occlusion were good. Furthermore, the function of the temporomandibular joints was improved and the symptoms of myofascial pain and dysfunction disappeared.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructural demonstration of salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) in the olfactory system of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou).

Immunocytochemical and immunoelectron microscopic localization of salmon-type gonadotropin-releasing hormone (sGnRH) were observed in the olfactory system (olfactory epithelium, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb) of masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) to investigate its possible involvement in the olfactory functions. sGnRH-immunoreactive (ir) bipolar neuron, which might be related to the terminal nerve, was located in dorsal portion of the olfactory nerve. sGnRH-ir gold particles were concentrated on electron-dense granule-like structures of 50 nm in diameter in fibers of the olfactory nerve close both to the olfactory epithelium and to the olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that sGnRH might participate in neurotransmission and/or neuromodulation in the olfactory system of masu salmon. sGnRH would become a useful molecular marker for studying the olfactory imprinting and homing mechanisms in salmonids.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Reproductive capacity of the nucleus of the male gamete after completion of meiosis.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate the possibility of achieving fertilization and subsequent normal embryonic development by injecting round spermatid nuclei into rabbit oocytes. RESULTS: Two-to four-cell-stage embryos developed after round spermatid nuclear injections into rabbit ooplasma could further develop in vitro up to the expanding blastocyst stage or in vivo up to complete gestation. CONCLUSION: The current findings show that the haploid set of chromosomes of round spermatid can pair with the chromosomes of the ootid to participate in complete fertilization and subsequent embryonic and fetal development. In addition, we suggest that postmeiotic modifications of the round spermatid are not required for the pairing of male gamete chromosomes with those of the ootid.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: a minimal model analysis.

The aim of the present study was to estimate insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity (SI), and glucose effectiveness (SG) in non-obese Japanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Ten IGT subjects (five men, five women) and 15 normal-tolerance subjects (seven men, eight women) without a family history of diabetes were studied. They underwent a modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT); glucose (300 mg/kg body weight) was administered, and insulin (20 mU/kg over 5 minutes) was infused from 20 to 25 minutes after the administration of glucose. SI and SG were estimated by Bergman's minimal model method. No significant difference was observed in body mass index ([BMI] 22.1 +/- 0.8 v 21.1 +/- 0.5 kg/m2), fasting plasma glucose (5.19 +/- 0.18 v 5.07 +/- 0.11 mmol/L), and insulin levels (50.7 +/- 7.3 v 45.2 +/- 4.5 pmol/L) of subjects with IGT and normal controls. The glucose disappearance rate (KG) was significantly lower in subjects with IGT than in normal-tolerance subjects (1.57 +/- 0.20 v 2.09 +/- 0.15%/min, P < .05). Pancreatic insulin secretion expressed as the integrated area of plasma insulin above the basal level during the first 20 minutes was lower in IGT subjects (2,556 +/- 572 pmol/L x min) than in normal-tolerance subjects (4,957 +/- 800 pmol/L x min, P < .05). SI was not statistically different between the two groups (0.84 +/- 0.13 x 10(-4) v 1.14 +/- 0.15 x 10(-4).min-1.pmol/L-1). However, SG was significantly lower in subjects with IGT than in normal controls (0.013 +/- 0.002 v 0.023 +/- 0.002 min-1, P < .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗