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Biomedical subjects

H Kasper

Publications and source records attributed to H Kasper.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Cancer and nutrition (author's transl)].

Influences of diet on tumor growth in man have not yet been observed up to now. Therapeutic results of cancer treatment by surgery, irradiation or drugs can be improved considerably by adequate dietary regimens. Recently it has become more and more clear, that environmental factors, especially nutrition, do influence the formation of cancer. The quantities ingested of some nutrients (fat, cholesterol, fibers) seem to be important, as well as contamination of food with mycotoxins, nitrosamines, and polycyclic aromatic carbohydrates.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1980

[Treatment of gastrointestinal disease with elemental diets (author's transl)].

Elemental diets are ballast-free formula diets, which are fully resorbed in the upper jejunum, and which do scarcely stimulate gastric, pancreatic or bile secretion; they contain no antigens, decrease intestinal work load, and do influence most probably the composition of the intestinal bacterial flora in a quantitative as well as qualitative way. Therefore such dietary preparations are used in gastrointestinal diseases. Their indications have not yet been clarified sufficiently by controlled therapeutic trials, however they are used with apparent success, especially in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, in malabsorption syndromes, and in patients with intestinal fistula.

Colitis↗
PubMed1979

The effect of dietary fiber on postprandial serum digoxin concentration in man.

The postprandial digoxin concentrations in serum were measured for 4 hr by radioimmunological assay in six healthy volunteers who had received 0.8 mg beta-acetyldigoxin by the oral route. Digoxin was given together with a formula diet containing as admixture, respectively, wheat bran, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, carrageenan, and carob seed flour. The various additions did not reduce the mean digoxin concentrations in serum. After carob seed flour, the concentrations were significantly (P less than 5%) higher, as compared to the control. After microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, and wheat bran the mean peak concentrations were reached later than in the control state.

Acetyldigoxins↗
PubMed1979

The effect of dietary fiber on the postprandial serum vitamin A concentration in man.

In 11 normal female subjects, ages 19 to 22 years, the postprandial serum vitamin A concentration was measured 3, 5, 7, and 9 hr after oral administration 300,000 IU vitamin A-palmitate given with a formula diet to which was added 40 g wheat bran, 40 g microcrystalline cellulose, 15 g apple pectin, 15 g guar flour, 15 g carob bean flour, or 20 g carrageenan. When vitamin A was given together with guar flour and apple pectin 3 hr after starting the experiment, the mean serum vitamin A concentration was significantly higher than in controls. Areas under serum vitamin A concentration curves, taken as a measure of the amount of vitamin A absorbed, were significantly higher when the vitamin was administered together with the investigated dietary fiber substances.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dietary fiber and nutrient intake in Crohn's disease.

The mean daily intake of dietary fiber, sugar, starch, fat, protein, and total energy was determined in 35 patients with Crohn's disease and 70 normal controls by obtaining individual dietary histories. For each patient with Crohn's disease there two controls, matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic background. In the patients with Crohn's disease the mean dietary fiber intake was established as 26.6 +/- 1.4 g/day, compared to 22.3 +/- 0.9 g/day in the controls, and was thus significantly higher (P less than 0.05). When compared with the controls, the patients with Crohn's disease also exhibited a significantly higher consumption of sugar 156 +/- 14 versus 91 +/- 5 g/day (P less than 0.001), starch (211 +/- 10 versus 170 +/- 9 g/day (P less than 0.01)), and total energy (14.4 +/- 0.7 versus 12.3 +/- 0.5 MJ/ day (P less than 0.01)).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Dietetic treatment of obesity with low and high-carbohydrate diets: comparative studies and clinical results.

In spite of numerous studies in the literature, it is still questionable as to whether the isocaloric exchange of carbohydrate and fat, in the form of a diet, leads to different degrees of weight loss. In comparative studies, obese patients given a low-carbohydrate (4.14 MJ [1000 kcal]) formula diet (diet Ia) lost 14.0 +/- 1.4 kg and those given an iso-energetic high-carbohydrate diet (diet Ib) 9.8 +/- 0.9 kg. The degree of weight loss was significantly different. Daily weight losses were 362 g and 298 g respectively. Comparative studies of high and low-carbohydrate (7.83 MJ [1900 kcal]) formula diets (diets IIa and b) with a greater number of calories did not show any significant difference. However, there was a greater mean weight loss with the low-carbohydrate diet (351 g/day) compared with that under the high-carbohydrate diet (296 g/day). Evaluation of 117 patients treated with formula diets resulted in a weight loss of over 9 kg in 102 obese patients and over 18 kg in 52 patients. The good response to the low-carbohydrate diet was partly responsible for the successful therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Therapy of Crohn's disease with metronidazole -- an uncontrolled trial --.

Twelve patients with Crohn's disease (C.D.), in whom there was no improvement of symptoms and signs under protracted corticosteroid and salicylazosulphapyridine medication, were treated with 1 000 mg metronidazole (M.) daily. Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was used as a criterion of therapeutic response. Seven patients showed improvement of symptoms with a concomitant fall of the CDAI from 300 +/- 84 to 56 +/- 32 (mean +/- SD) after 10 to 45 days. In one patient, therapeutic success was judged to be doubtful, a negative result being obtained in 4 patients. During follow-up, which was maximally 21 months, patients failed to relapse while receiving a maintenance dose of 250 and 500 mg of M. per day. -- Judicious attempts at drug withdrawal were undertaken during the first 6 months but were invariably followed by a relapse. -- Metronidazole given over a protracted period did not give rise to side-effects. -- A reduction of anaerobic bacterial invaders of the intestine is suggested to underlie the favourable therapeutic effect of M.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The significance of the evocative test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (author's transl)].

To evaluate the predictive value of the evocative test (E.T.) in the diagnosis of pancreatitis, the E.T. was performed in 35 healthy subjects (group I), 65 patients with a presumptive clinical of chronic pancreatitis (group II), and 52 patients with proved chronic pancreatitis (group III). In group I, false positive results were obtained in 11,4% of the patients, the increase in lipase above the upper limit of normal was relatively small. The patients of group II gave abnormal E.T.'s in 63%, reduced faecal chymotrypsin activities being found in 40%, and steatorrhea in 28% of the cases. Positive E.T.'s were associated with abnormal chymotrypsin and faecal fat determinations in 51% and 27%, respectively. In group III,, a positive E.T. was obtained in 60%, the test results show a signifikant negative correlation with the extent of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. In group of patients with confirmed chronic pancreatitis but without steatorhea, the E.T. was positive in 72%. The E.T. has a limited value in the diagnosis of early stages of chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

Comparative studies in obese subjects fed carbohydrate-restricted and high carbohydrate 1,000-calorie formula diets.

45 obese subjects were fed a high-carbohydrate, relatively low-fat, or a low-carbohydrate, relatively high-fat 1,000-calorie (4.14MJ) formula diet. The diet provided for an isoenergetic substitution of 170 g of carbohydrates for 75 g of fat. Weight reduction up to day 30 was significantly higher in the subjects on the carbohydrate-restricted diet. There were no significant differences between the water and electrolyte balances. The mean total weight reduction achieved on the high-carbohydrate diet was 9.8 +/- 4.5kg with a mean daily weight loss of 298 +/- 80g, while the corresponding values on the carbohydrate-restricted diet were 14 +/- 7.2 kg and 362 +/- 91 g/day, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Gastric transmural potential difference in rats fed with a retionol-free diet.

The concentration of retinol is decreased in serum after periods of stress. The incidence of stress ulcers can be reduced in experimental animals and in man by high doses of retinol. It has been postulated that the stress-induced reduction of serum retinol may be implicated as one of the factors favouring the development of stress ulcers. Functional damage to the gastric mucosa triggered off by noxious agents and particularly ulcerogenic drugs is followed by a fall of the transmural potential difference (P. D.). This observation has led us to investigate whether retinol-depleted rats display an alteration of the P.D. as a parameter of gastric mucosal dysfunction, when compared with animals optimally supplied with retinol. In this study it should not be demonstrated that the P.D. differs between optimally fed and retinol-deficient animals in spite of severe retinol depletion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pancreatic exocrine function in rats with severe retinol deficiency.

Starting from the fact that extensive retinol deficiency leads to morphological pancreatic alterations, the secretion of the gland and the specific enzyme activities in the pancreatic tissue were studied in rats fed a retinol-free diet for 70 days. No clear alteration of the exogen stimulated pancreatic secretion and of the enzyme content of the gland was observed.

Amylases↗