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Biomedical subjects

H Kasper

Publications and source records attributed to H Kasper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effect of dietary fibre on blood glucose, plasma immunoreactive insulin, C-peptide and GIP responses in non insulin dependent (type 2) diabetics and controls.

A high fibre and a low fibre breakfast meal were given to eight non insulin dependent diabetics ( NIDD ), and eight controls. Blood glucose response was monitored continuously for three hours and characterized using a straight line model. After the high fibre meal the rates of increase and decrease in blood glucose concentration were slower both in diabetics and controls than after the low fibre meal. The delay time, however, i.e. the time from meal intake to the start of glucose increase, hypothetically corresponding to gastric emptying time, was the same after both test meals. The postprandial glucose increment calculated as the area under the 0-120 min curve was lower after the high fibre meal in the NIDD , but not in the controls. The two-hour C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide values were lower for the diabetics after the high fibre breakfast. The results indicate a prolonged carbohydrate digestion and/or absorption after high fibre breakfast.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of long-term administration of dietary fiber on the exocrine pancreas in the rat.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (50--70g) were fed a standard laboratory diet containing 6% dietary fiber substances (diet I), the same diet supplemented with 5% guar (diet II), 10% wheat bran (diet III), or 5% pectin of high (76%) methylic esterification (diet IV), or a fiber-free diet (diet V). After a 6-week feeding period, the body weight of the animals had increased to 300--350g. The common bile duct was then canulated and the exocrine pancreatic function tested under urethane anesthesia (1.5 g/kg body weight). The tested fiber substances had no effect on the basal pancreatic secretion of volume, bicarbonate, lipase, amylase or protein, or on the wet weight and histological appearance of the organ. However, the fiber substances influenced the pancreatic response to maximal exogenous stimulation with secretin (3.0 CU/100 g X hour) and cholecystokinin (0.6 IDU/100 g X hour) and the enzyme content of the gland significantly. Compared with diet V, diet I increased the DNA content of the pancreas and its secretion of bicarbonate and protein, and decreased the protein concentration in the gland. Diet II reduced the pancreatic content of trypsinogen and protein. Diet III decreased the protein content, but increased the bicarbonate secretion, which was also increased by diet IV. -- We conclude that fiber substances influence stimulated secretion and the enzyme content of the pancrease to a varying degree.

Amylases↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of a fiber-rich diet on digoxin resorption].

In five female healthy volunteers the influence of dietary fiber (wheat bran or carob seed flour) on absorption of digoxin was investigated. Five minutes after ingestion of a formula diet alone or in combination with wheat bran or carob seed flour 0,8 mg beta-acetyldigoxin was given per os. The plasmaconcentration-time curve over eight hours, the area under curve and the cumulative urinary excretion were not changed significantly. It was concluded that there is no influence of dietary fiber on rate or degree of digoxin-absorption.

Acetyldigoxins↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of the nitrogen components of a peptide diet and the analogous amino acids on pancreatic secretion in the human].

In healthy volunteers (n = 10), the exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied after intragastric administration of a peptid solution which corresponded to the nitrogen component of a commercially available peptid diet, and of a solution of the analogous amino acids. Both test solutions were emptied out of the stomach in the same time interval and evoked a comparably high pancreatic secretion of volume, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. These findings are discussed in regard to recommendations to apply elemental diets for treatment of complicated pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The effect of dietary fibre on D-xylose absorption.

Healthy probands ingested 25 g D-xylose dissolved in water or mixed with a test meal, with or without a supplement of guar or wheat bran. Viscosity increased to a maximum of 22,167mPa.s. Five or 10 g guar delayed xylose excretion only when administered in aqueous solution. When mixed with a test meal, guar accelerated xylose excretion. Bran had no effect on xylose excretion, independent of the manner of administration. Our results show that under these experimental conditions, the effect of guar on absorption is not dependent on the degree of viscosity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Effect of acetylcholine, gastrin, and glucagon alone and in combination with secretin and cholecystokinin on the secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

Dose-response curves of acetylcholine (ACh), gastrin, and glucagon given alone or in combination with a submaximal dose of secretin (S;' 5.0 U/h) plus cholecystokinin (CCK; 1.0 U/h) were studied in the isolated perfused rat pancreas. ACh (25 x 10-9 mol/h) increased the basal secretory flow ( mean +/- SEM: 1.19 +/- 0.22 microliter/min) by 693% and protein output (2.7 +/- 0.2 microgram/min) by 1726%. The protein secretion evoked by S plus CCK was further increased by ACh to a maximum of 26% whereas the volume secretion remained unaltered. Gastrin (100 ng/h) stimulated the protein output by 352% and, when combined with S and CCK, up to further 23% and the secretory flow by 37%. Glucagon evoked a significant (P less than 0.005) increase of the protein output, but decreased the volume as well as the protein output (by 43% and 32%, respectively; P less than 0.05) when it was combined with the tested doses of S and CCK.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Dietary effects on pancreatic exocrine function. Experiments on the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

Studies of the response of the isolated perfused rat pancreas to three doses of secretin (5.0, 10.0, 18.75 U/h) and CCK (0.6, 1.5, 2.4 U/h) show that a 35-day administration of a carbohydrate-rich (60% carbohydrate, 3% fat, 20% protein) or fat-rich (34% fat, 11.3% carbohydrate, 29.8% protein) diet increases the sensitivity of the gland to these hormones compared to a standard diet (50.5% carbohydrate, 4% fat, 19% protein). The maximal secretory flow on stimulation by secretin and on a combined stimulation by secretin (2.5 U/h) plus CCK (1.8 U/h) is significantly (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) lower in both experimental diets than in controls, whereas the maximal protein and enzyme secretion is diminished only in the secretin plus CCK-stimulated pancreas of rats fed a fat-rich diet. A carbohydrate-rich diet results in a relative increase in amylase secretion and decrease in lipase and chymotrypsinogen output. Compared to controls, the fat-rich diet leads to a stronger secretion of lipase and chymotrypsinogen and to a reduced amylase secretion. This adaptation of the exocrine pancreatic function is rather due to changes in the organ itself than to an altered hormonal stimulation.

Amylases↗
PubMed1981

The action of synthetic secretin, cholecystokinin-octapeptide and combinations of these hormones on the secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas.

Determinations of dose-response curves for synthetic secretin and for the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) in the isolated perfused rat pancreas reveal that both secretin and CCK stimulate the pancreatic secretory flow and enzyme secretion. The maximal secretory flow evoked by CCK-8 (1.75 +/- 0.24 microliter/min) equals that evoked by secretin, while the protein output (57.1 +/- 6.3 microgram/min) is approximately twice as high. Stimulation by secretin combined with CCK-8 results in summation of the hydrokinetic action and potentiation of the ecbolic action of these hormones. Since the secretory parameters decrease by supramaximal stimulation, the dose-response curves are biphasic. The secretion of pancreatic enzymes correlates significantly (p less than 0.0005) with the protein output. However, the ratio of amylase, lipase and chymotrypsinogen to protein depends on the degree of pancreatic stimulation in so far as amylase secretion increases significantly (p less than 0.01) more markedly than that of both other enzymes.

Amylases↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the extent of dietary fiber intake in West Germany.

By means of food diaries the volume of the average daily crude fiber and dietary fiber consumption and the percentage contribution of various groups of plant foods to the total dietary fiber consumption was determined in a group of 150 healthy subjects (89 males and 61 females) from four different occupational groups. It thus became apparent that the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was 22.0 +/- 5.5 g in the artisians and workers of a large industrial plant (group I), 24.8 +/- 8.4 g in students (group II), 21.7 +/- 5.5 g in teachers (group III), and 17.6 +/- 7.7 g in administrative employees (group IV). In groups I-III the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was significantly higher than in group IV. In 17% of the subjects, the mean daily dietary fiber consumption was < 15 g. The mean dietary fiber intake per 1,000 kcal (4.18 MJ) in groups II and III, 8.5 +/- 1.5 and 8.8 +/- 2.2 g, respectively, was significantly higher than in group I with a mean fiber intake of 7.2 +/- 1.4 g.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of dietary fiber on the pancreatic excretory function.

The effects of dietary fiber on the pancreatic exocrine function was studied in volunteers using the Lundh test. Since only limited information can be derived from this test, additional studies were carried out in rats. In man, the duodenal content aspirated for 90 min. after administration of a test diet supplemented with pectin or carob-bean flour, was significantly (alpha less than 0.01) lower than in a control test (n = 10). In the animal experiment, the volume secretion of the pancreas was also decreased after carrageenan and guar, which were studied in addition (each n = 10; alpha less than 0.025). The protein and enzyme output showed a slight reduction, but this was statistically significant in only some of the cases. An influence of the viscocity, osmolarity and pH-value of the test diets was ruled out as a potential cause for the observed alterations in the pancreatic exocrine function.

Adult↗