Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to H Kaneda.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antireflux mechanism in Nissen fundoplication--an experimental study.

The antireflux mechanism of the Nissen fundoplication was investigated in 15 mongrel dogs by esophageal manometry. Nissen fundoplication increased the lower esophageal resting pressure for 2 weeks after operation; however, by 4 weeks it had decreased to a level which did not differ significantly from the preoperative value. Thus, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) length, unlike LES pressure, was maintained for a long period. These results suggest that restoration of competence at the gastroesophageal junction after Nissen fundoplication depends on an adequate length of LES as well as increased LES pressure. The gastrin-stimulated LES pressure 1, 2 and 4 weeks after operation was significantly higher than the preoperative stimulation pressure. Therefore, it seems that the antireflux mechanism is associated not only with the mechanical aspect of the wrapping but also with creation of a new muscular sphincter substitute that reacts sufficiently to gastrin stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Manometric study and prolonged pH monitoring of esophagus in patients with hiatus hernia before and after operation.

The pathophysiology of the lower esophagus in 18 patients with hiatus hernia and 15 normal controls was investigated by esophageal manometry and prolonged pH monitoring. Thirteen patients with symptoms of severe gastroesophageal reflux had lower than normal pressures at the gastroesophageal junction. In 5 patients without symptoms, the pressure was normal. Nine of the 13 patients were inadequately controlled by conservative measures and underwent Nissen or Dor-Nissen fundoplication. All were free of esophageal symptoms postoperatively. Fundoplication resulted in a significant increase in the lower esophageal pressure. Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring showed significant improvement in all indices. Hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux are related etiologically. However, further observations are needed to explain the association between reflux esophagitis and hiatus hernia. Nissen and Dor-Nissen fundoplications restored competence to the gastroesophageal junction as judged by esophageal manometry and prolonged pH monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Synaptosomal localization and release of glucagon-like materials in the rat brain.

The subcellular localization of glucagon-like materials in the thalamus-hypothalamus and brain stem of the rat was investigated. Both glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) determined by C-terminal specific antibody and glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) determined by non-specific antibody were enriched in the microsomal and synaptosomal fractions relative to the nuclear, myelin and mitochondrial fractions. Furthermore, the synaptosomal fraction of both the thalamus-hypothalamus and brain stem incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 55 mM K+ at 37 degrees C released GI and GLI in the presence of Ca++. These findings suggested that glucagon-like substances detected in the brain have a role in the synaptic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serum gastrin levels and lower oesophageal sphincter pressures in infants with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Serum gastrin levels in 16 patients with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (CHPS) were measured and oesophageal manometric studies were performed in 14 of these 16 patients before and after pyloromyotomy. Hypergastrinaemia was found in the patients with CHPS, and the 7th postoperative serum gastrin level was much higher than the preoperative pressure. However, there was no significant correlation between the LES pressure change and the serum gastrin change. These results indicate that competence of LES after pyloromyotomy in patients with CHPS is maintained not only by endogenous gastrin rise but also by other factors.

Esophagogastric Junction↗
PubMed1984

[A case of primary malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland arising from pre-existing Hashimoto's disease].

Primary malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland is relatively rare. It has been reported that primary malignant lymphomas comprise 0.8-8% of all thyroid malignancies. The relation to Hashimoto's disease is controversial. A 63-year-old woman with a 9-year history of diffuse goiter visited our hospital. A clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease had previously been made. After 15 months, she noted the rapid growth of the goiter and enlargement of cervical lymph nodes . A cervical lymph node was biopsied, histologic examination lymphoma (large lymphoid-diffuse type). This suggests that malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland may arise from pre-existing Hashimoto's disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1983

Anal sphincter function and rectal reservoir after sphincter saving operations for carcinoma of the rectum.

Anal sphincter function and rectal reservoir were studied in 27 patients after low anterior resection, in 6 after Welch or Turnbull type pull-through surgery and in 3 after Bacon type pull-through surgery. Sixteen patients who had undergone right hemicolectomy served as a control group. Anal sphincter function immediately after low anterior resection was diminished, but improved during the following 6 months. Rectal capacity was much reduced immediately after surgery, but increased with time, and the neorectum could to some extent adapt to its new role as a reservoir. After pull-through operations, anal canal pressure and rectal compliance were significantly lower than after low anterior resection or right hemicolectomy. These findings may explain the increased frequency of bowel action after pull-through operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Manometric assessment of anorectal pressures in Hirschsprung's disease after Rehbein's operation with and without anorectal myectomy.

Anorectal manometric studies were performed on 15 patients with Hirschsprung's disease before surgery, on eight patients after Rehbein's procedure and seven patients after Rehbein's procedure with anorectal myectomy. The results were compared with those of 45 normal subjects. High anal resting pressure as well as an absence of the anorectal reflex proved to be responsible for obstructive symptoms in Hirschsprung's disease. Out of eight patients treated according to Rehbein's procedure, new internal sphincter relaxation was found in two, and anal resting pressures were significantly higher than those of the normal controls or of the patients treated according to Rehbein's procedure plus anorectal myectomy. It was demonstrated that anorectal myectomy is a more definitive procedure to restore the anal resting pressure to normal. Good postoperative continence can be achieved not only by the new internal sphincter relaxation but also by good propulsive movement which can overcome the remaining functional obstruction.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical study of alpha-fetoprotein in rat embryos during ontogenesis.

In order to clarify the dynamics of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) during ontogenesis, the appearance and localization of AFP and albumin in rat embryos were immunohistochemically investigated. AFP began to appear in the embryos on day 9 in some of the cells constituting the embryonic ectoderm. From day 10, both AFP and albumin became strongly stained in the yolk sac. The formation of liver anlage started on day 11; here AFP alone was clearly apparent in the primitive hepatocytes and also in some other cells, such as somites, or those of the central nervous system. After further development of the embryos, AFP, albumin, and transferrin were detected by means of serial section examination in the same hepatocytes. Besides being found in the liver, AFP began to be stained in the dorsal pancreas and mesonephric vesicles on day 12, in the stomach on day 13, and in the lung anlage and metanephros on day 14. Albumin was also localized in the same sites in these tissues, but the intensity of albumin staining was not as strong as that of AFP. Therefore, we assume that AFP plays an important role in the rapid growth of rats during the early gestational stages.

Albumins↗
PubMed1983

Serotherapy of AFP-producing tumors with the purified antibody to AFP.

14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and one with a hepatoblastoma were given AFP antibodies and changes in serum AFP levels and clinical courses were observed. Anti-human AFP horse IgG was purified by immunoadsorbent column chromatography. 1 mg of the purified antibody was able to bind 100-150 micrograms of AFP. 200-800 mg were given to each patient, according to their AFP levels. Also, conventional anti-cancer agents were administered consecutively. In all cases, the serum AFP levels measured by RIA decreased rapidly to undetectable levels within 24-48 h after the infusion. Then, in seven of 15 cases, the relatively low level was maintained for periods of 10-96 weeks. In the remaining eight cases, the serum AFP level increased again after 1-2 weeks and rose further with clinical deterioration. Since the antibody administered was undetectable in the serum within 2 weeks after its infusion, it is suggested that the AFP antibody had an inhibitory effect on the production or the release of AFP in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of captopril on blood pressure and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertensive patients on hemodialysis.

We have performed a long-term (6-16 months) administration of captopril in 6 hypertensive patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. They were divided into two groups according to the basal renin levels (pretreatment plasma renin activity, PRA), that is, high PRA group (3 patients) and normal PRA group (3 patients). 1) In the high PRA group efficient reduction of blood pressure was obtained by small doses of captopril. In the normal PRA group, however, slight or no pressure reduction was observed. Appropriate initial dose was 10-15 mg/day and maintenance one was 75 mg/day in high PRA group. 2) Hemodialysis potentiated the hypotensive action of captopril in the high PRA group through massive removal of sodium and water. 3) In the normal PRA group PRA was regulated by serum sodium concentration and the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was by serum potassium concentration, but in the high PRA group PRA and PAC were mainly regulated by captopril itself. 4) In one patient an adverse reaction consisting of strong bradycardia, dyspnea, chest pain and cold sweat was observed soon after the start of captopril medication. From these results, it was concluded that captopril was as excellent drug for the control of severe hypertension in dialysed patients having a high basal renin level.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cerebellar infarction with obstructive hydrocephalus.

The authors review 15 patients with acute cerebellar infarction accompanied by obstructive hydrocephalus. These patients were among 1700 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular disease who were examined by angiography and also, except for the initial 320 cases. by computerized tomography (CT) scan. The CT scans were helpful in diagnosis and management of the patients. It demonstrated cerebellar mass lesions as being low density, isodense, or high density, according to the amount of hemorrhage into the infarcted area. Such cerebellar mass lesions caused acute compression of the posterior fossa. The clinical picture was determined mainly by the extent of the initially infarcted area in the vertebrobasilar territory and the speed of enlargement of the subsequently developing cerebellar mass lesion. Suboccipital decompressive surgery was performed in 10 patients and was generally beneficial. The postoperative prognosis depended mainly on the presence or absence of coexisting brain-stem infarction. Five patients who were managed conservatively died during the acute stage. Prompt and correct diagnosis of this illness is required to ensure adequate therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[A study on the lipid peroxide and its scavenging enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].

Superoxide free radical (O2.-) produced by leukocytes, found in a rheumatoid joint, degrade various high molecular polymers in the synovial fluid and thus may play an important role in initiating an inflammatory response. The present work is an attempt to measure the lipid peroxide value as a parameter of peroxidation by O2.- and to measure the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase as scavenging enzymes in the serum and the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The following results were obtained: 1) The lipid peroxide value of the synovial fluid from the rheumatoid arthritic group was found to be higher than that from osteoarthritic group, whereas in the serum no significant difference was found between these two groups. 2) The superoxide dismutase activity of the synovial fluid from the rheumatoid arthritic group was found to be remarkably higher than that from the osteoarthritic group. A significant correlation was also found between the superoxide dismutase activity and the inflammatory indexes, such as C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the number of nucleated cells in the synovial fluid. 3) The catalase activity of the synovial fluid from the rheumatoid arthritic group was increased. 4) No significant difference was found in the glutathione peroxidase activities of the serum and the synovial fluid between the two groups. 5) A positive correlation was found between the lipid peroxide value and the superoxide dismutase activity in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These observations suggest that superoxide free radical may play an important role as a chemical mediator on the inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of 30 patients with malignant hypertension treated with hemodialysis.

For the past 7 years we have treated 30 patients with malignant hypertension with hemodialysis. The diagnosis of the disease was made according to the criteria recommended by the Ministry of Public Welfare, Japan, as described below. These patients were divided into three groups according to the therapies. Group A (15 patients) were medicated with large doses of beta-blockers for the control of hypertension. Characteristic features of this group were abnormally high reninemia, hyponatremia, and severe hypertension which were not controlled by large doses of beta-blockers in combination with dialysis. Their body weights were quite subnormal. Twelve patients out of 15 had essential hypertension (EH) as an underlying disease, and the remaining 3 had chronic glomerulonephritis (CN). Ten patients out of 15 died of hypertensive heart failure or hypertensive cerebrovascular accidents. Group B (6 patients) were treated by beta-blockers intermittently. They showed good results responding well to the treatment; high reninemia was brought down to normal level by the administration of beta-blockers and dialysis. Their underlying diseases were EH (3 patients) and CN (3 patients). Group C (9 patients) did not receive beta-blockers, because hypertension was easily controlled by dialysis alone. In the Group C patients, normoreninemia, normonatremia, and a favorable clinical course were characteristic. Their underlying disease was CN in all. From these results, it is concluded that the factors influencing the prognosis of te disease may be the existence of EH as an underlying disease, high reninemia, and hyponatremia which are not correctable either by administration of beta-blockers or by hemodialysis.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1981

Development of malignant hypertension in patients with uremia under hemodialysis: a case report and discussions on its etiology.

A woman, now 28 years old, was diagnosed 6 years ago as chronic glomerulonephritis by renal biopsy. From August 15, 1975 she complained of nausea, loss of appetite and weight (about 7 kg within 2 weeks). Severe hypertension (200/130 mmHg), hyponatremia (123 mEq/liter), anemia, elevated plasma renin activity (PRA), advanced azotemia, and eye ground changes of KW-II were found. Dialysis treatment was started on September 2, 1975. From November 1975 massive amounts of sodium (5,000 mEq or more monthly) and water (26 liters or more monthly) were removed by the dialysis. These intensive dialyses resulted in an elevated PRA with recurrence of severe hypertension. At the end of March 1976 she became almost blind with retinopathy of KW-IV. Potent hypotensive drugs including beta-blockers were administered, but no improvements were obtained. On March 31, 1976 nephrectomy was performed to save her life. Marked hyalinization of glomeruli and heavy thickening of intima in interlobular arteries were found in the removed kidneys. Renal artery stenosis was not recognized either macroscopically or histologically. In this patient, the amount of sodium removed by the dialysis was dependent on her diastolic blood pressure and sodium concentration of the dialysis. It may be concluded that too enthusiastic dialysis may develop malignant hypertension due to excessive renin release.

Adult↗